Translingual RetrievalTranslingual Retrieval

Moving between vocabularies Moving between vocabularies

MACS 2010MACS 2010

Jahns / Karg, Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

Concepts in Context - Cologne Conference on Interoperability and Semantics in Knowledge Organization2010-07-19

1997 CENL-MACS project started

1997-1999 feasibility study sports & theatre

2000-2001 prototype of a web application

2002-2004 LMI (link management interface) was established

2005 RAMEAU-LCSH-Links were loaded by BnF

2006 CrissCross started

MACS

Project historyProject history

2007 SNB started editing links on a regular basis

2008 SNB and DNB prepared work division

2008 update and installation of an update routine for the three indexing languages

2008-2009 recruiting freelancers, training

2009 translators work phase

2009 TEL prototype of a multilingual search interface

Project progressProject progress

MACS

58.907 EN-FR-GER links58.907 EN-FR-GER links

MACS

Project scopeProject scope

70,000 Tuple RAMEAU - LCSH from BnF70,000 Tuple RAMEAU - LCSH from BnF 50,000 SWD concepts to connect with 50,000 SWD concepts to connect with SWD-topical headings of ALL disciplinesSWD-topical headings of ALL disciplines 12 work packages for neighbouring disciplines12 work packages for neighbouring disciplines

MACS

Working area – LMI Working area – LMI https://macs.hoppie.nl/lmi/https://macs.hoppie.nl/lmi/

Searching and listing subject headingsSearching and listing subject headings

Working area – LMIWorking area – LMI

Update mechanism and identifierUpdate mechanism and identifier

Working area – LMI Working area – LMI

Searching linksSearching links

Working area – LMI Working area – LMI

Editing links / Creating new linksEditing links / Creating new links

Working area – LMI Working area – LMI

Filtering DDC-domainsFiltering DDC-domains

No language is used as a pivotNo language is used as a pivot Headings are not translatedHeadings are not translated Mapping is done on the basis of conceptsMapping is done on the basis of concepts Linking is checked upon retrieval resultsLinking is checked upon retrieval results Set of practical rules and guidelines (BS 8723)Set of practical rules and guidelines (BS 8723)

MethodologyMethodology

LCSH, RAMEAU pre-coordinated strings / pluralLCSH, RAMEAU pre-coordinated strings / plural SWD more flexible; post-coordination / singularSWD more flexible; post-coordination / singular LCSH, RAMEAU subdivision practiceLCSH, RAMEAU subdivision practice

Language differencesLanguage differences

Frauenarbeit

Femmes -- travail

Women -- employment

160,000 280,000

96,000

Mörder AND Intensivtäter

Tueurs en série

Serial murderers

Equivalence 1 :1, 1 : n (including AND)Equivalence 1 :1, 1 : n (including AND) Null: no mappingNull: no mapping

Types of linksTypes of links

Theologie Theologie Theology

Athlétisme AND Entraîneurs Leichtathletiktrainer Track and field coaches

Traducteurs Übersetzer Translators

Traducteurs Dolmetscher Translators

0 Erdalkalichloride Alkaline earth chlorides

exactexact inexact = overlappinginexact = overlapping partial equivalent partial equivalent

EquivalenceEquivalence

Ètudiants japonais Japanischer Student japanese students

Impérialisme Neokolonialismus Imperialism

Cas (linguistique) Dativ 0

Different coverageDifferent coverage Different semantics, semantic relationsDifferent semantics, semantic relations Language skillsLanguage skills

Mapping problemsMapping problems

Apfelwein

Cidre

Cider

Antike? Altertum!

Civilsation antique

Civilisation, Ancient

Access to mappings Access to mappings

Mapped terms in LMI -> XML-DownloadMapped terms in LMI -> XML-Download Linked Open DataLinked Open Data Multilingual equivalent relations in authority recordsMultilingual equivalent relations in authority records

Linked Data:Linked Data:Publishing MACS in the webPublishing MACS in the web

Linked Data: Datasets on the web linked together Linked Data: Datasets on the web linked together semantically, forming a publicly accessible network of semantically, forming a publicly accessible network of structured informationstructured information

Why Linked Data?Why Linked Data?

Has become the de-facto standard for: Has become the de-facto standard for: publishingpublishing exchanging data on the Internetexchanging data on the Internet

Reaches more collaboration partners and customersReaches more collaboration partners and customers Research institutionsResearch institutions Cultural heritage organizationsCultural heritage organizations Internet companies Internet companies online communitiesonline communities

Library data can play a major role in the semantic webLibrary data can play a major role in the semantic web provides reliability and stabilityprovides reliability and stability can become a „backbone of trust“can become a „backbone of trust“

MACS as Linked DataMACS as Linked Data

Linked Data published by the Linked Data published by the German National Library (as of May 30th, 2010)German National Library (as of May 30th, 2010) 37.547 links from SWD to LCSH37.547 links from SWD to LCSH 28.249 links from SWD to RAMEAU28.249 links from SWD to RAMEAU

RAMEAU and LCSH also publish MACS relations as part of RAMEAU and LCSH also publish MACS relations as part of their Linked Datatheir Linked Data Our data has been used to update the RAMEAU Our data has been used to update the RAMEAU SWD SWD

linkslinks LCSH LCSH SWD links will follow SWD links will follow

Applications of MACS DataApplications of MACS Data

Improved Multilingual Search Improved Multilingual Search FunctionalitiesFunctionalitiesEuropeanaEuropeanaDeutsche Digitale BibliothekDeutsche Digitale BibliothekWebsite of the Website of the

German National Library German National Library

Cataloguers benefitCataloguers benefit

Automatic Indexing:5050 610

5100 !040537242! |s|Schwangerschaft ;

5101 !040153320! |s|Ernährung

Users benefitUsers benefit

• Search with the native languageSearch with the native language

• Enlargement of recallEnlargement of recall• Additional recall in the own catalogueAdditional recall in the own catalogue• Enlargement of the query to foreign catalogues Enlargement of the query to foreign catalogues

and portals and portals

• Precision of recallPrecision of recall

search term

Ärztlicher Behandlungsfehler

Dokuments: in DNB SNL LoC BL BnF and so on....

Users benefitUsers benefit

Subject search results

Multilingual meta-searchingMultilingual meta-searching

One-stop-searching for heterogeneously indexed One-stop-searching for heterogeneously indexed documents documents

Authority data (mapping) displayed to enhance Authority data (mapping) displayed to enhance searching and understandingsearching and understanding

Getting results from different librariesGetting results from different libraries Europe comes together: TEL, EuropeanaEurope comes together: TEL, Europeana

Library users of multicultural societiesLibrary users of multicultural societies

Searching for subjects in the preferred language of Searching for subjects in the preferred language of the userthe user

Crossing language barriers in academic and public Crossing language barriers in academic and public librarieslibraries

12 % foreign students in Germany12 % foreign students in Germany

Thank you!Thank you!

MerciMerci

DankeDanke

h.karg@d-nb.de

y.jahns@d-nb.de