transitivity process and narrative structure of five short stories in

TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF FIVE

SHORT STORIES IN ‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY WILFRED

STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT HOOPES

A THESIS

BY:

FANI GUMANTI

REG. NO. 100705009

Supervisor, Co- Supervisor

Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum. Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M A

NIP. 19570626 198303 2 001 NIP. 19680122 199803 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department

of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2014

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rhamadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200612 1 002


Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the

degree of Sarjana Sastra from department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural studies

University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday 10 April, 2014

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Muhizar Muchtar, MS ..............................................

Rahmadsyah rangkuti, MA. Ph.D ..............................................

Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL ..............................................

Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum ..............................................


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ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT

and the Prophet Muhammad SAW as the messenger. Prise is to Allah for blessing me

in completing this thesis and the mercy that has been given to me.

A great many thanks is dedicated to Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of

Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,

M.S as the Head of English department, Drs. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as the

supervisor who has shared her time in guiding me while I was studying in this

program and always give me advises and critics that are very helpful and for Dra.

Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A as the co-supervisor who has shared her knowledge and

time in guiding me in finishing this thesis. And thank to all lecturers in English

Department for giving me the instructions, tuitions, advices, and knowledge.

The most special thank is dedicated to my beloved parents, my step father

Mawardi, and my mother Fatmaweli, who has given me love, care support and

always pray for me, she is the best mother ever for me. I thank to my little sister

Rima Gumanti and my little brother Ilham Gumanti, who always make me smile

when I was sad. My thank is also dedicated to my sweetheart Usman Halomoan

Ritonga for the support, spirit and wise advice for me. Last but no least I would like

to thank to my best friend “Miss One”: Sonya Anggraini, Fatimah Rizki, Ayu

Pandini Lubis, and Paramitha Sari Sinaga for their kindness, attention and loyalty.

And thank to all my classmate for being greats friends.


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I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. I was trying my best to

complete this thesis by having knowledge from my academic study. Therefore,

advice, constructive criticism, and suggestion aimed for this thesis will be warmly

welcome and highly appreciated.

Medan, 10 April 2014

The writer,

FANI GUMANTI Reg. No. 100705009


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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, FANI GUMANTI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS

THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS

THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE

WHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FORM A THESIS BY

WHICH I HAVE QULIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO

OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS

THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUMMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER

DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

Date : 10 April 2014


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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : FANI GUMANTI

TITLE OF THESIS : TRANSITIVITY PROCESS AND NARRATIVE

STRUCTURE OF FIVE SHORT STORIES IN

‘THE SHORT STORY’ BOOK EDITED BY

WILFRED STONE, NANCY H. P. AND ROBERT

HOOPES

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SASRJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : 10 April 2014


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ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five Short Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert Hoopes” studies about transitivity process and schematic structure of narrative genre in five short stories in ‘The Short Story’ book written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert Hoopes. This analysis used descritive qualitative method (Bungin, 2001:290), to get the most dominant process is used Bungin’s formula (2005, 171- 172). The analysis is done by stating the kind of processes and finding the schematic elements in narrative discourse. The theory that is used in analyzing the data is Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory of Halliday (1985). The model of schematic structure used is Martin’s model (1984). The analysis found that each short story has six types of Transitivity Process. They are: material process, relational process, mental process, existential process and behavioural process. The most dominant process in each short story is material process with percentage: 36,78% in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster), 33,51% in “Hills Like White Elephant” (Ernest Hemingway), 59,03% in“Wife – Wooing” (John Updike), 38,98% in “The Last Judgement” (Karel Capek), and 60,71% in “The Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet). There are two short stories, “The Rock (E.M. Foster)” and “Hills Like White Elephant (Ernest Hemingway)” that have the complete elements of narrative structure, Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution, and Coda. There are two short stories, “The Last Judgement (Karel Capek)” dan “Wife-Wooing (John Updike)” that have no Abstract. Then short story “The Shore (Alain Robbe-Grillet)” that has no Coda.


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ABSTRAK

Skripsi yang berjudul “Transitivity Process and Narrative Structure of Five Short Stories in ‘The Short Story’ Book Written by Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. and Robert Hoopes” berisi kajian tentang proses transitivitas dan struktur skematika genre naratif yang terdapat pada lima cerita pendek dalam buku ‘The Short Story’ yang ditulis oleh Wilfred Stone, Nancy H. P. dan Robert Hoopes. Analisis ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif (Bungin, 2001:290). Untuk mendapatkan proses yang paling dominan digunakan formula yang dikembangkan oleh Bungin (2005, 171-172). Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan melihat jenis-jenis proses dan menemukan unsur-unsur skematika yang terdapat dalam wacana naratif. Landasan teori yang digunakan dalam penganalisisan adalah teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistematik yang dipelopori oleh Halliday (1985). Model analisis struktur skematika yang digunakan adalah model Martin (1984). Hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa dalam masing-masing cerpen masing memiliki enam jenis porses transitivitas yaitu proses material, proses relational, proses mental, proses verbal, proses existential dan proses behavioural. Process yang paling dominan dalam masing-masing cerita pendek adalah proses material dengan persentase: 36,78% dalam cerita pendek “The Rock” (E. M. Foster), 33,51% dalam cerita pendek “Hills Like White Elephant” (Ernest Hemingway), 59,03% dalam cerita pendek “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike), 38,98% dalam cerita pendek “The Last Judgement” (Karel Capek), dan 60,71% dalam cerita pendek “The Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet). Dua cerita pendek yaitu “The Rock (E.M. Foster)”, dan “Hills Like White Elephant (Ernest Hemingway)” memuat unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam struktur skematika naratif diantaranya adalah Abstract, Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution, dan Coda. Ada unsur yang tidak ditemukan dalam tiga cerita pendek, yaitu : “The Last Judgement (Karel Capek)” dan “Wife-Wooing (John Updike)” tidak ditemukan ‘abstract’ dan “The Shore (Alain Robbe-Grillet)” tidak ditemukan ‘coda’.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................i

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION..............................................................................iii

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION..........................................................................iv

ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................v

TABLE OF CONTENTS….................................................................................vii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study……………………..…………….….1

1.2 Problems of the Study…………………………….……....…....9

1.3 Objectives of the Study…………………………...….………...9

I.4 Scope of the Study…………………………………………..….9

1.5 Significance of the Study……………………………………...10

CHAPTER II : THEORITICAL CONCEPTS AND RELEVANT STUDIES

2.1 Theoretical Concepts ………………………………………....11

2.1.1 An Overview of Discourse Analysis………………..……11

2.1.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)……….………….12

2.1.3 Metafunction of Language………….……….…………...15

2.1.3.1 The Ideational Function………..…………...…….15

2.1.3.2 The Interpersonal Function…………..……...……16

2.1.3.4 Textual Function…………………………….……18

2.2 Transitivity Process…………………………………….…...…19

2.2.1 Material Process……………………………….……….....24

2.2.2 Mental Process…………………………………….….…..27


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2.2.3 Relational Process………………………………….……..31

2.2.4 Verbal Process……………………………………….…....35

2.2.5 Behavioral Process…………………………………..……36

2.2.6 Existential Process………………………………….….…38

2.3 The Narrative Structure………………………………….…….38

2.3.1 Abstract…………………………………….…………….40

2.3.2 Orientation…………………………………….……….....40

2.3.3 Complication………………………………………...……41

2.3.4 Evaluation………………………………………………...42

2.3.5 Resolution……………………………………………...…42

2.3.6 Coda……………………………………………………...43

2.4 Relevant Studies………………………………………..……...43

CHAPTER III : METHOD RESEARCH

3.1. Research Method……………………………………………...45

3.2. Data and Data Source……………………………………...…45

3.3. Data Collecting Method………………………………………47

3.4. Data Analysis Method………………………………………...47

CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Analysis.………………………………......…….………...….50

4.1.1 Transitivity Process……………………………...….....50

4.1.2 Narrative Structure…………………...…………….….68

4.2 The Findings……………………………………...……….….73

4.3 Discussion………………………………………………....….80

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS


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5.1 Conclusions……………………………………………….......82

5.2 Suggestions………………………………………….………..83

REFERENCES

APPENDIX I : TRANSITIVITY PROCESS

APPENDIX II : NARRATIVE PROCESS


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 : The Distribution of Process Types in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text (73)

Table 2 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Rock” (E. M. Foster) text (74)

Table 3 : The Distribution of Process Types in “Hills Like White elephant” (Ernest

hemingway) text (74)

Table 4 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “Hills Like White elephant” (Ernest Hemingway) text (75)

Table 5 : The Distribution of Process Types in “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike)

text (75)

Table 6 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “Wife – Wooing” (John Updike) text (76)

Table 7 : The Distribution of Process Types in “The Last Judgement” (Karel

Capek) text (77)

Table 8 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Last Judgement” (Karel Capek) text (77)

Table 9 : The Distribution of Process Types in “The Shore” (Alain Robbe-Grillet)

text (78)

Table 10 : The Distribution of Narrative Structure in “The Shore” (Alain Robbe- Grillet) text (78)


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