Transitioning Africa to a renewable energy powered future ... overview and framin… ·...
Transcript of Transitioning Africa to a renewable energy powered future ... overview and framin… ·...
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Transitioning Africa to a renewable energy powered future with access for all
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COP 21 LAUNCH
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WHAT AREI IS AND NOT
AREI is a political framework and vision approved at highest possible level (all Heads of State). It provides direction and mandate for transformative action.AREI is uniquely Africa-initiated, Africa-owned and African-driven. African countries taking the lead.
AREI is to leverage unprecedented action on renewable energy and make Africa take a global lead.AREI is primarily about policy action: strengthen ambition, establish long-term plans, set in place comprehensive policies, ensure broad-based multi-stakeholder engagement and help mobilise funding funds for this.
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WHAT AREI IS AND NOT
AREI is a an umbrella framework for the renewable energy activities on the continentNot about enabling single projects, but rather help whole countries quickly realise their renewable energy potentials.AREI is beyond Energy – it’s about overall development. Of central importance to all sectors and ministries. How can African countries leapfrog to societies with well-being, jobs and sufficiency for all in a truly climate-friendly way.
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AREICONTEXT – CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT
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A LOW TO ZERO CARBON FUTURE NECESSARY – ALSO FOR AFRICA
Amount Used1870-2011:
515GtC
Amount Remaining:
275GtC
Total Carbon Budget:
790GtC
AR5WGISPM
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THE ENERGY ACCESS GAP
Share of population without electricity access
Future access situation: BAU scenario
• Huge implications on human well-being, employment and prospects for sustainable development
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THE ENERGY ACCESS GAP
300 GW of renewable energy potential will contribute to energy access for all in 2030.
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IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY FOR AGRICULTURE
LandPreparationFertilizingCrop protectionHarvesting/threshing
DryingMilling
PackingPressing
Storing
Infrastructureand transportICTsTrainingSelling
Energy supply mix:Electricity
Mechanical powerFuels/thermal
ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN (Simplified)
Production
Distributionand retail(domestic andexport markets)
Processing,post-harvestand storage
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THE IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY FOR MSMES
SME sector potential …energy-related limitations
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WHY AN INITIATIVE FOR AFRICA?
• 300 Africa’s economy is vulnerable to commodity price fluctuations.
• Agriculture represents less than 20% of GDP, and ¾ of total employment.
• Economic diversification, and agricultural efficiency improvements are amongsts the elements to increase economic resilience.
Source: AfDB, African Economic Outlook 2018
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WHY AN INITIATIVE FOR AFRICA?
• Africa is the region with the highest infrastructure investment gap.
• Energy Sector represents 30% of the total infrastructure investments.
• The investment capacities of the Governments are limited by fiscal and economic constraints
• Private sector represents only 4% of the total infrastructure investments.
Source: AfDB, African Economic Outlook 2018
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AREIGOALS AND PRINCIPES
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GOALSENERGY ACCESS… …CLIMATE
help achieve the Sustainable Development
Goals, enhanced well-being, and sound
economic development by ensuring universal
access to sufficient amounts of clean, appropriate and
affordable energy
help African countries leapfrog towards
renewable energy systems that support their low-carbon development
strategies while enhancing economic and energy
security
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GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Contributing to achieving SD in Africa
Addressing the entire
African continent
and benefit all African countries.
Boosting intra-regional
cooperation
Promoting all kinds of renewable
energy technologies
Promoting the full range of renewable
electricity applications, as well as non-electrical
forms of energy
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KEY PRECEPTS
Country Ownership
Enhanced private and
public sector engagement
Smart, modern renewable energy
systems of the future
Transformative and
programmatic
Multi-stakeholder participation and
social and environmental
safeguards
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SMART, PEOPLE-CENTERED RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS OF THE FUTURE
Amount Used1870-2011:
515GtC
Amount Remaining:
275GtC
Total Carbon Budget:
790GtC
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FROM THE OLD CENTRALISED APPROACH…
Amount Used1870-2011:
515GtC
Amount Remaining:
275GtC
Total Carbon Budget:
790GtC
Customerdemand
Customerdemand
Customerdemand
CustomerdemandCustomer
demand
Lowandmediumvoltage
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…TO DISTRIBUTED, DECENTRALISED, PEOPLE-CENTERED ENERGY SYSTEMS
OF THE FUTURE
Amount Used1870-2011:
515GtC
Amount Remaining:
275GtC
Total Carbon Budget:
790GtC
Customerdemand
Customerdemand
Customerdemand
CustomerdemandCustomer
demand
Islandgrid1
Islandgrid2
Islandgrid5
Islandgrid4
Islandgrid3
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KEY DRIVERS FORTRANSFORMATION
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TRANSFORMATIVE CORE WORK AREAS
2. Strengthen policy,
regulatory, organization,
and incentives frameworks
3. Capacity mobilization, building, and partnerships
4. Financing and funding
5. Project development and support
1. Mapping for coordination
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Mapping and coordinating (1/5)
• Thorough mapping of existing and proposed RE policies, regulations, and experiences.
• Determine the level of effort, gaps and priorities of the different RE initiatives.
• Facilitate exchange of best-practice policies
Building synergies between existing
and future RE
Initiatives
SDG 17
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WHAT DIFFERS FROM OTHER MAPPINGS?
• African-driven – Africans mapping what is happening in their countries and on the continent
• Continental – AREI covers the whole continent. • Action-oriented –serves to directly facilitate and
inform actions in all the other AREI work areas• Qualitative – beyond data display. Mapping seeks to
understand trends and lessons learned at a deeper level.
• Cross-cutting – seeks to combine mapping of actors, initiatives, projects, programmes, policies, lessons learned, contributions etc
• Accessible in line with AREI’s multi-stakeholder approach
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Development Goals
Actors, interests and capacities
Regulations and processes
Finance and conditions
Programmes and projects
Data, indicators and other stats Monitoring and
evaluation of progress
Mapping of actors, interests, capacities,
gaps
Mapping of opportunities and
barriers
Targeted engagement and project partnerships addressing
fundamental needs and progressing
development ambitions
AREI Information
QUESTIONS BEING ADDRESSED
Analysis Applications
Are sufficient resources being mobilized to meet the scale of the challenge?
Are resources being allocated in the most efficient way?
Are resources being used prudently & are countries getting good value for these investments?
What is the quality of dialogue between national players and international players and partners on energy matters at
the regional, sub-regional and national and local levels?
What level of collaborations exist between the initiatives? How do they interact?
What role do the initiatives play in supporting and setting the national energy agenda?
How do the national actors perceive their relationship with the initiatives?
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MULTI-LEVEL and MULTI-DIMENTIONAL MAPPING
Continental
Regional
National
City/Municipal
ActorsInitiatives
Networks
Policies AREI Attributed Projects &
programmes
Pledges and contributions
Successes
Project and programme
pipelineLessons
Trends
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Strengthening Policy, Regulatory and Support frameworks
…to provide long-term investment
security
…to drive upgrades of existing grids and
accelerated mini-grid rollouts
…to expand use of non-electrical energy in
productive applications
…to improve energy efficiency across all energy applications
…to enhance domestic capacity for
RE component manufacturing SDG7
(2/5)
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• Evaluate different kinds of policy tools and incentives, including payment guarantees/ feed-in tariffs
• Evaluate particularly promising options or models for support of off-grid and mini-grids
• Support countries in determining international financial support needs.
• Support countries in formulating bold funding proposals to GCF
…to provide long-term
investment security
Strengthening Policy, Regulatory and Support frameworks (2/5)
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• Many renewables competitive with fossil fuels on life-time basis.
• No fuel costs for renewables – almost all costs in initial construction (high capital costs = risky investments)
• Developers/investors need security for both off-take and tariffs to dare make the investment.
• Payment guarantees are therefore a key to unleash transformative change where huge numbers of households, communities, cooperatives, public institutions, SMEs and larger companies can invest
Strengthening Policy, Regulatory and Support frameworks…to provide long-term investment security
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Newlyestablishedislandgrid
IslandGridOperator
Proposal: On-grid and off-grid renewables deployment is stimulated with off-take and tariff guarantees, backed by international funding
CountryANationalgrid
NationalREAgency
NationalGridOperator
TG=TariffGuarantee[USD/MWh]
CP=Connectionpayment[USD/customerconnection/month]
Sources:CSIRanalysis
CPTG(sliding)
1
Valueofislandgrid2
Supra-NationalRE
Fund
1)Backingofnationaltariffandoff-takeguarantee
2)Top-uppaymentOn-grid:(TG- value)
Islandgrid:(TG+CP- value)3
ValueofRE2
TGTG
TG
TGTG
1
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Proposal: International community provides backing for tariff payments & off-take guarantee as well as required top-up (if required)
REValueTop-UpRECost(tariff)
Tariffpaymentsandoff-takeguaranteed,
backedbyinternationalcommunity
1
DeterminedthroughEnergyMasterPlan,
comparedtoBusiness-as-Usualexpansion
2
Providedbyinternational
communityifrequired
3
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• Support country assessment of existing grid-infrastructure, with identification, prioritization and cost estimations.
• Enable African visionary longer-term planning of new smart grid systems
• Enable international financial support for ambitious grid extension and upgrades.
• Evaluate existing and emerging business models and support schemes for minigrid development and enable funding for such incentives.
…to drive upgrades of
existing grids and accelerated mini-grid rollout
Strengthening Policy, Regulatory and Support frameworks (2/5)
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• Provide seed capital and credit to meet demands for productive applications of non-electrical energy products and services.
• Promote cooperation (including South-South) for scale-up of the most promising non-electrical energy technologies
• Engage African countries in long-term planning of their renewable energy systems and the phasing in/out of renewable energy technologies over time
…to expand use of non-electrical
energy in productive
applications
Strengthening Policy, Regulatory and Support frameworks (2/5)
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• Assess and highlight best practices and particularly successful approaches.
• Explore EE incentives measures as complementary and conditionalrequirements for other results-based RE investment incentives.
• Enable and channel international financial support to improve and finance bold energy efficiency measures
…to improve energy efficiency across all energy
applications
Strengthening Policy, Regulatory and Support frameworks (2/5)
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• Support planning for long-term, step-wise enhancement of RE technology manufacturing capacity through targeted financial incentives mechanisms.
• Initiate collaborative long-term programmes, including south-south collaboration.
• Support government efforts to maximize job-creation through effective coordination with other policies.
• Expand opportunities for women’sparticipation in the renewable energy sector.
…to enhance domestic
capacity for RE component
manufacturing
Strengthening Policy, Regulatory and Support frameworks (2/5)
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Capacity mobilization/building (3/5)• Elevate capacity building as a top
priority and support an African regional strategic plan.
• Build partnerships with knowledge institutions outside of Africa, including South-South collaboration.
• Develop regional collaboration among African institutions. Support renewable energy education and training at universities.
• Mobilize the African diasporacommunity to deliver targeted expertise as needed.
Concerted capacity building
across stakeholde
rs at all levels
SDG7,8
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Finance (4/5)• Operating costs for African RE Initiative
• Funding from GCF and other sources for comprehensive country programmesand investment incentives according to this framework.
• Financial commitments from international donors to fund the pre-2020 requirements with at least USD 5 billion.
• Establishment, through continued African leadership, of a global programme for renewable energy support with sufficient, long-term funding commitments.
• New public sources of favorable, concessional finance for upfront investments.
Finance
To cover operating costs, enabling activities and
incentives
By facilitating access to credit
for investors and developers
SDG17
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Project development and support (5/5)
• Complementary effort: Enable good projects in the pipeline
• Invite countries for proposals
• Review and select proposals
• Ensure adherence to all AREI guidelines and principles
• Ensure new and additional
• Release funds through AREI trustee or through existing channels with full transparency
• Project development capacity building at continental and country level
More and higher quality
renewable energy
projects
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TRANSFORMATIVE CROSS-CUTTING WORK AREAS
Amount Used1870-2011:
7. Multi-stakeholder engagement
9. Communications and outreach8. Wider context
monitoring
6. Safeguards and
technologyassessment
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• Ensuring environmental and social safeguards, and local social and environmental impact assessments
• Procedures/systems for systematic assessment of RE technologies
• Renewable energy technologies deployed in ways that benefit local communities and do not harm the environment, while promoting technology innovation and precautionary needs assessments
…inclusion of safeguards,
participation, and equity
principles from the outset.
Socio-economic and environmental technology assessment
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The AREI Framework and Criteria highlights the importance of participation and safeguards to ensure people-centred, equitable renewable energy solutions:
“Promoting a wide range of renewable energy technologies – in particular solar; wind; pico-, micro-, small- and medium-scale hydro; modern biomass; geothermal; and marine –
provided they are socially and environmentally appropriate, gender sensitive and in line with these guiding principles”
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• Genuine community/civil society participation integral parts of AREI
• Participation also by the private sector, academia and other stakeholders
• African civil society, private sector and other relevant stakeholders actively engaged in the governancethrough the AREI Steering Committee
Broad set of stakeholders actively involved in shaping the AREI, ensuring broad ownership and sustainability
Multi-stakeholder engagement
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AREIIMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
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MULTI-STAKEHOLDER ACTION
• Policy makers, practitioners, community based organizations, civil society actors
• Financial community, private sector
• African entrepreneurs and investors
• Development finance institutions and international private sector actors
• North-South and South-South Cooperation actors
• Global partners
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IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
An Africa-led framework with continental-wide reach
Comprehensive policy programming at country levels
Incentives & enabling activities made possible through international public finance
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MOBILIZING AFRICAN LEADERSHIP
• Mobilize political support and engagement at the senior level to fast track launch of the Initiative at national level.
• Facilitate the design and implementation of appropriate policy frameworks, enabling regulation and allocate co-finance.
• Engage in experience-sharing processes with other countries to maximize mutual learning effects.
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TIMELINE
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ASSESSMENT AND ATTRIBUTION
OF PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES
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Cateogry A: Policy projects and programmes
Guarantees& derisking
Redirection of subsidies
Coordination
Information and
education
Environmental impact,
technology and risk assessment
Safeguards and public
participation
Public funding of technology
research
Capacity building
Regulatory and legal
instruments
Feed-intariffs
Category A Proposals
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Cateogry B: RE Installation projects
Biomass
Geo-thermal
Smart grids &
minigridsEnergy efficiency
Solar
Hydro
Category B Proposals
Wind
Marine
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Must be aligned with AREI Criteria
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Assessment dimensions: AREI Policy Development Proposals
Climate
Implementation Strategy
Stakeholder Involvement
Effectiveness
EfficiencyEquity
Institutional Feasibility
Transformative Potential
Socio-economic and
Environmental Impact
Energy Access
Category A Proposals
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Assessment dimensions: AREI RE Installation Proposals
Financial
Institutional
TechnicalEnvironmental
Social
Economic
Category B Proposals
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STATUS• AREI Criteria provides guidance, but needs further
operationalization. The development of such modalities and methodology has been initiated.
• First step – assessment in terms of overall eligibility: does the Categorty A or B project meet the firm requirements to be considered eligible for AREI attribution?
• Second step – what is the quality and relevance of the project in relation to more fine-grained indicators and verifiers? Is the project good enough to be determined compliant with AREI?
• Also need for clarity in terms of how the projects are funded, who are involved, what is the balance between commercial, concessional, grant-based funding etc.?
• Project assessment system also being linked to the mapping database/webinterface to serve the countries with relevant data and overview.
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FUNDING AND FINANCING
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TYPES OF ACTIVITIES
Amount Used1870-2011:
515GtC
Amount Remaining:
275GtC
Total Carbon Budget:
790GtC
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ENABLING ACTIVITIES LEVERAGING INVESTMENT FLOWS
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FUNDING AND FINANCING
• AREI is a holistic vision and framework that goes far beyond funding.
• Funding is more than the AREI Trust Fund – it’s about ensuring AREI attributed activities enable necessary funds to be effectively achieved.
• Public funding shall enable enable activities and bold policies, programmes, incentives to create secure, conducive investment environment for all
• This public funding leverages much larger financing of actual investments in projects on the ground.
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USD 10 BILLION PLEDGED
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CURRENT STATUS
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CURRENT STATUS
• Ambitous Framework and Action plan endorsed by all African Heads of State.
• Governance structure established. Board with Heads of State representing the five African regions.
• Independent Delivery Unit set up. Work across the 9 activity areas initiated.
• Africa-led Mapping of existing initiatives, policies and programmes initiated
• Compiled and initiated assessment of projects for ‘attribution’.
• On-line database for projects/programmes/ initiatives/policies and actors under development
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COUNTRY ENGAGEMENT
Countries to submit projects and programmes for AREI attribution to help mobilize funding and support.Successes and challenges will be shared across the continent and accelerate renewable energy action everywhere. Facilitate regional and cross-regional collaboration
Coordination of interventions at both national and regional levels for enhancing synergies and programmatic focus
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STEP 4
AREI 2017-2018
Inviting all African countries to add current projects to intervention pipeline
STEP 1
Country outreach and engagement
STEP 2 STEP 3
Intervention pipeline: (Policies, training, financing schemes, RE installations on the ground towards transformative change in accordance with AREI Framework and Action Plan)
Formulation of ideas, proposals and support for new and additional interventions
Pilot flagship programmes of funded comprehensive, country policy and incentive programmes in accordance
Cor
e W
ork
Are
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ross
-Cu
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ork
Are
as
WA: Mapping
WA: Capacity
WA: Projects
WA: Funding & financing
WA: Stakeholder engagement
WA: Safeguards
WA: Wider context
WA: Communications
IDU
/TC
O
per
atio
ns
Sept -17 Jan -18 July -18July -17
WA: Policies &programmes
AR
EI F
RA
ME
WO
RK
AN
D A
CTI
ON
PLA
N
Recruitment of initial IDU staff
Composition/Establishment of Technical Committee
Expansion of IDU staffing
Strategic partnerships
AREI Forum continental conference
Project development support service schemes
Clarification of USD 10 bn pledge
Country-level mapping initiated
Consultations
Resource mobilisation, incl South-South
Exchange schemes Fellowships program
Assessment of projects against AREI Criteria
Participatory assessment/operationalisation of best practice social and environmental safeguards
Formulation of GCF proposals with pioneering countries
AREI mapping database live
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RELEVANCE FOR REGIONS?
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RELEVANCE FOR THE REGION?
• Countries can benefit from IDU services and tools for all African member states
• Countries can contribute with its experiences to AREI for quick spread across the continent
• Countries can take decisive leadership and be a trailblazers. AREI’s model of change built on some countries taking the lead.
• AREI gives strong mandates for political action that can be used by renewable energy promotors within the country/government. Transformation to RE ultimately approved by all Presidents.
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CONCRETE TOOLSAREI canwork with African countries to:
• Help develop multi-stakeholder based, long-term plans, building and adding to the work already initiated.
• Help develop a comprehensive payment guarantee scheme and associated policies and capacity building plans.
• Help turn this work into a comprehensive proposal for climate financing institutions (GCF, etc.).
• Facilitate exchange with all other African countries to enrich and share successes, experiences, lessons learned.
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AREIwww.arei.org