Transformational Learning: theory, practice and policy in the construction of strategic innovation...
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Transformational Learning:Transformational Learning: theory, practice and policy in the theory, practice and policy in the construction of strategic innovation and construction of strategic innovation and creativitycreativity
Dr Alan BruceDr Alan BruceULS DublinULS DublinEHU Donostia: July 2010EHU Donostia: July 2010
1. Setting the Scene1. Setting the Scene
Stakeholder and community linkageStakeholder and community linkage Access and social inclusionAccess and social inclusion Technological revolutionsTechnological revolutions Responding to the marketResponding to the market Transnational linkageTransnational linkage
Innovation in a time of changeInnovation in a time of change
Innovation supporting learningInnovation supporting learning Innovation supporting workInnovation supporting work Re-evaluation of traditional methods and Re-evaluation of traditional methods and
structuresstructures Change and transformation needsChange and transformation needs Impact of globalizationImpact of globalization
Contexts of changeContexts of change
GlobalizationGlobalization StratificationStratification Labour market transformationLabour market transformation Rights and inclusionRights and inclusion Access, quality and innovation in educationAccess, quality and innovation in education
Responding to changeResponding to change
FlexibilityFlexibility Diverse learners/digital immigrantsDiverse learners/digital immigrants Learning outcomesLearning outcomes Pedagogical designPedagogical design Integrated learningIntegrated learning Social capital and inclusionSocial capital and inclusion
Globalized imperativesGlobalized imperatives Patterns of constant changePatterns of constant change Permanent migration mobilityPermanent migration mobility OutsourcingOutsourcing Flexible structures and modalitiesFlexible structures and modalities End of job normsEnd of job norms Knowledge economyKnowledge economy Structural inequalitiesStructural inequalities
Globalized cultureGlobalized culture
End of old certaintiesEnd of old certainties No return to ‘normal’No return to ‘normal’ Polymorphic mediaPolymorphic media Fuzzy logic and postmodernismFuzzy logic and postmodernism
Globalized educationGlobalized education
Professional trainingProfessional training Best practiceBest practice Standards and ethicsStandards and ethics Learner centred mythologiesLearner centred mythologies Innovation imperativesInnovation imperatives
Spectres at the gatesSpectres at the gates
Persistence and increase in inequalityPersistence and increase in inequality Permanent hopelessness of excludedPermanent hopelessness of excluded Embedded violenceEmbedded violence Internal underclassInternal underclass Invisibility and ethnic differenceInvisibility and ethnic difference
Urbanized futuresUrbanized futures
Planet of SlumsPlanet of Slums (Mike Davis) (Mike Davis) Informal economiesInformal economies HypercitiesHypercities The normalization of brutalityThe normalization of brutality
Critical perspectivesCritical perspectives Traditional schoolingTraditional schooling Learning systems both reflect and lead Learning systems both reflect and lead
societysociety Information…wisdom…understandingInformation…wisdom…understanding Critical enquiry - back to IllichCritical enquiry - back to Illich Reflection and inquisitivenessReflection and inquisitiveness Engaging with differenceEngaging with difference
Balkan ghostsBalkan ghosts
Boundaries drawn to defend ‘Europe’ Boundaries drawn to defend ‘Europe’ against the Other (against the Other (Slavoj ZizekSlavoj Zizek))
Decalogue and Human RightsDecalogue and Human Rights Ethnic cleansing and the desert of the realEthnic cleansing and the desert of the real Love your neighbor not as mirror image… Love your neighbor not as mirror image…
but as Real but as Real ((The Fragile AbsoluteThe Fragile Absolute))
2. Defining innovation2. Defining innovation Innovation as Holy Grail of crisis resolutionInnovation as Holy Grail of crisis resolution Construction of innovation as a new form of Construction of innovation as a new form of
alchemyalchemy Identified issues link:Identified issues link:
policypolicyknowledge productionknowledge productioninformation explosioninformation explosionownershipownership
Innovation and knowledgeInnovation and knowledge
How does learning sustain innovation?How does learning sustain innovation? Necessary focus on inherited structures and Necessary focus on inherited structures and
delivery mechanismsdelivery mechanisms Access and validation of knowledge have Access and validation of knowledge have
become central concernsbecome central concerns Focus on mediation role, hierarchy and Focus on mediation role, hierarchy and
controlcontrol What is now the role of the University?What is now the role of the University?
Knowledge in transformationKnowledge in transformation
Commodification of knowledgeCommodification of knowledge Impact on education systems (Freire, Illich, Field)Impact on education systems (Freire, Illich, Field) Impact on work (Braverman, Haraszti, Davis)Impact on work (Braverman, Haraszti, Davis) Impact on community - alienation and anomieImpact on community - alienation and anomie From community to networkingFrom community to networking Knowledge and learning now centrally linked as Knowledge and learning now centrally linked as
product and process dimensions in the generation product and process dimensions in the generation of innovationof innovation
The outlook for knowledgeThe outlook for knowledge Miller (2003) fundamentally optimistic about Miller (2003) fundamentally optimistic about
transformational potential of new knowledge architecturestransformational potential of new knowledge architectures
Carneiro (2007) identifiesCarneiro (2007) identifies
Paradigm shifts (industry-globalization-utopia)Paradigm shifts (industry-globalization-utopia)Delivery modes (role-access-customized)Delivery modes (role-access-customized)Driving forces (State-market-community)Driving forces (State-market-community)
Theorizing knowledgeTheorizing knowledge DialogicDialogic learning: interaction- dialogue of equals - learning: interaction- dialogue of equals -
foundations of trustfoundations of trust Expansive Expansive learning: resoles contradictions-learning: resoles contradictions-
dialectical-goes beyond existing to imagine dialectical-goes beyond existing to imagine alternativesalternatives
CollaborativeCollaborative learning: universities-companies- learning: universities-companies-governments-communitiesgovernments-communities
Formulations occur within a structureFormulations occur within a structure The framework and assumptions are those of The framework and assumptions are those of
globalized late capitalismglobalized late capitalism
Innovative knowledge in contextInnovative knowledge in context
If learning, working and production are controlled If learning, working and production are controlled innovation is at best powerless, at worst sinisterinnovation is at best powerless, at worst sinister
At the core of innovation is an ability to assess At the core of innovation is an ability to assess critically and express freelycritically and express freely
Fundamental to innovation is the ability to ask Fundamental to innovation is the ability to ask questions that challenge existing relationsquestions that challenge existing relations
Innovation is re-examining existing reality while Innovation is re-examining existing reality while posing viable alternativesposing viable alternatives
Categories of innovationCategories of innovation
Figueiredo (2009):Figueiredo (2009): IncrementalIncremental: builds on existing thinking, : builds on existing thinking,
products, processes, organizations or social products, processes, organizations or social systemssystems
DisruptiveDisruptive: addressed to people who do not : addressed to people who do not have solutions - compete with nothing since have solutions - compete with nothing since no other solutions existno other solutions exist
Incremental innovationIncremental innovation
Addresses core of what already existsAddresses core of what already exists Airplanes that fly fartherAirplanes that fly farther Batteries that last longerBatteries that last longer Computers that process fasterComputers that process faster
Disruptive innovationDisruptive innovation
Evolves very rapidlyEvolves very rapidly Replaces traditional solutionsReplaces traditional solutions Rooted in simple applicationsRooted in simple applications Personal computerPersonal computer InternetInternet Mobile technologiesMobile technologies
Policy focusPolicy focus
How can we incubate creativity?How can we incubate creativity? Hw can we develop capacity for Hw can we develop capacity for
innovation?innovation? Why have we progressed so little in formal Why have we progressed so little in formal
terms?terms?
3. Creativity3. Creativity
Link between creativity and innovationLink between creativity and innovation Csikszentmihalyi: domain - field - personCsikszentmihalyi: domain - field - person Creative teachingCreative teaching Big and little creativityBig and little creativity Varieties of creativityVarieties of creativity Creativity as decisionCreativity as decision
Creativity for realCreativity for real
Need to acknowledge context in which creativity Need to acknowledge context in which creativity occursoccurs
Need to locate creativity as set of functioning Need to locate creativity as set of functioning elements (Craft 2003):elements (Craft 2003):Cognitive skillsCognitive skillsPersonality traitsPersonality traitsSocialSocialCulturalCulturalHistoricalHistorical
Creativity - the sequelCreativity - the sequel
Not easily definedNot easily defined Packaging the inventionPackaging the invention Copying the uniqueCopying the unique TransferabilityTransferability Rights and acknowledgementRights and acknowledgement
Linking the inventiveLinking the inventive
Innovation (Fagerbert 2003):Innovation (Fagerbert 2003):
Introduces novelty into the economic sphereIntroduces novelty into the economic sphere Tends to cluster in certain sectorsTends to cluster in certain sectors Explains difference in performanceExplains difference in performance
Trends and directionsTrends and directions
AccelerationAcceleration Collaboration and networks (external)Collaboration and networks (external) Functional integration (internal)Functional integration (internal) Collaboration with knowledge production Collaboration with knowledge production
centrescentres Increasing domination by market realitiesIncreasing domination by market realities
Hard realitiesHard realities
Role of the militaryRole of the military Imperatives of war and violenceImperatives of war and violence BiotechnologyBiotechnology Patenting biodiversityPatenting biodiversity GeneticsGenetics Social engineeringSocial engineering Hard futures Hard futures
4. Transformational Learning4. Transformational Learning
Sociology of innovationSociology of innovation Educational systems as networks of actors Educational systems as networks of actors
who reinforce each other in stable who reinforce each other in stable configurationsconfigurations
Stable configurations prevent changeStable configurations prevent change Vested interest acts against innovation - Vested interest acts against innovation -
seen as threatseen as threat
Engaging with systemsEngaging with systems
It is possible to have incremental changeIt is possible to have incremental change Systems react to change even if they do not Systems react to change even if they do not
initiate itinitiate it The promising path is through disruptive The promising path is through disruptive
innovation which produces irreversible innovation which produces irreversible change (Christensen, change (Christensen, Disrupting ClassDisrupting Class, , 2008)2008)
Changing systemsChanging systems
On-line coursesOn-line courses Pilot schoolsPilot schools Project based learningProject based learning Experimental schools in degraded social Experimental schools in degraded social
communitiescommunities Non-formal learningNon-formal learning Abolition of the teacherAbolition of the teacher
Beyond changed systemsBeyond changed systems
Language, mathematics, science and …Language, mathematics, science and … Creative and cultural developmentCreative and cultural development Moral autonomyMoral autonomy Critical thinking distinct epistemologies of Critical thinking distinct epistemologies of
science and engineeringscience and engineering ““Science explains what exists; engineering Science explains what exists; engineering
creates what never existed” (Von Karman)creates what never existed” (Von Karman)
Embedding creativityEmbedding creativity Organic, reflective evaluative follow-upOrganic, reflective evaluative follow-up Analysis and modificationAnalysis and modification Lasting partnerships between research units Lasting partnerships between research units
and schoolsand schools Action research teamsAction research teams Organic link to work and communityOrganic link to work and community Professional passion - out of the strait-Professional passion - out of the strait-
jacketjacket
Supporting innovative learning Supporting innovative learning communitiescommunities
Community developmentCommunity development Social solidaritySocial solidarity Environmental management and conservationEnvironmental management and conservation Arts and cultureArts and culture Sports and leisureSports and leisure Health and well-beingHealth and well-being Social inclusion and demographic changeSocial inclusion and demographic change Advanced technologiesAdvanced technologies
Traditional modelsTraditional models
ConservativeConservative StrictStrict InflexibleInflexible Examination-drivenExamination-driven Resistant to application of new Resistant to application of new
technologiestechnologies
Potential modelsPotential models Pupil centredPupil centred Competence drivenCompetence driven Community focusedCommunity focused Technological supportTechnological support International cooperationInternational cooperation Learning process (application Learning process (application
modes)modes) Individual value (humanistic Individual value (humanistic
approach)approach)
Strategic planningStrategic planning
The innovation imperativeThe innovation imperative Reprising discoveryReprising discovery Challenging certaintiesChallenging certainties Re-asserting valuesRe-asserting values Defining rightsDefining rights
ThemesThemes Innovation and creativity as starting point not Innovation and creativity as starting point not
destinationdestination Responsiveness to permanent changeResponsiveness to permanent change Staff competence and empowermentStaff competence and empowerment Engaging with excellenceEngaging with excellence Doing the unexpected - better!Doing the unexpected - better! Content validity and academic rigorContent validity and academic rigor Customer delightCustomer delight
European trajectoriesEuropean trajectories
Rights of Man: Rights of Man: Liberty, Equality, FraternityLiberty, Equality, Fraternity Thematic mythologies - social inclusionThematic mythologies - social inclusion Legacies of struggleLegacies of struggle Hidden pasts:Hidden pasts:
colonialism, fascism, exterminismcolonialism, fascism, exterminism Neo-liberalism resurgentNeo-liberalism resurgent The Union in crisisThe Union in crisis
American trajectoriesAmerican trajectories Constitutional rights: Constitutional rights:
Life, Liberty,the Pursuit of HappinessLife, Liberty,the Pursuit of Happiness All men are created equal… All men are created equal… but…but… Final frontiers: immigration, assimilation, success, Final frontiers: immigration, assimilation, success,
opportunityopportunity Hidden poisons - slavery, race, eugenicsHidden poisons - slavery, race, eugenics Uncomfortable truths - Uncomfortable truths -
Abu Ghraib to GuantanamoAbu Ghraib to Guantanamo Blogging in the desert - wikileaks and truthBlogging in the desert - wikileaks and truth
Common trajectoriesCommon trajectories Demographic changes: ageing and life Demographic changes: ageing and life
expectancyexpectancy Women and labor market participationWomen and labor market participation ImmigrationImmigration Cultural and religious differenceCultural and religious difference Conflict and stress Conflict and stress UrbanizationUrbanization
Further stepsFurther steps
Increased application on new knowledgeIncreased application on new knowledge Open and distance learning technologies Open and distance learning technologies
facilitating learners and staff competencefacilitating learners and staff competence Transformation of traditional teaching role Transformation of traditional teaching role
to mentoring, guiding and facilitationto mentoring, guiding and facilitation Development of network of innovative best Development of network of innovative best
practice at European levelpractice at European level
From science to wisdomFrom science to wisdom
The strangeness of reality consistently exceeds the The strangeness of reality consistently exceeds the expectations of science, and the assumptions of science, expectations of science, and the assumptions of science, however tried and rational, are very inclined to encourage however tried and rational, are very inclined to encourage false expectations. It is a tribute to the brilliance of science false expectations. It is a tribute to the brilliance of science that we can know such things. And it is also an illustration that we can know such things. And it is also an illustration of the fact that science does not foreclose possibility, of the fact that science does not foreclose possibility, including discoveries that overturn very fundamental including discoveries that overturn very fundamental assumptions, and that it is not a final statement about assumptions, and that it is not a final statement about reality but a highly fruitful mode of inquiry into it.reality but a highly fruitful mode of inquiry into it.
Marilynne Robinson, Marilynne Robinson, Absence of MindAbsence of Mind (2010) (2010)
Fruitful inquiryFruitful inquiry
Innovation based on questions, not answersInnovation based on questions, not answers Humanizing experience by understandingHumanizing experience by understanding Purpose and meaningPurpose and meaning Assimilating past and present - profoundly Assimilating past and present - profoundly
communicablecommunicable Unearthing the human gem - Ernest Mandel Unearthing the human gem - Ernest Mandel
and the abyss of barbarismand the abyss of barbarism
DirectionsDirections
Avoiding innovation mantras and clichésAvoiding innovation mantras and clichés The poetry of open discovery and delightThe poetry of open discovery and delight Rescuing liberation in thought and practiceRescuing liberation in thought and practice Back to the future - the construction of Back to the future - the construction of
cathedrals and creativity in a fractured cathedrals and creativity in a fractured EuropeEurope