Transformation of the West

Warm-Up: Pick up Notes-Packet + Assignment Packet from front cart and complete 1st page of Notes-Packet. Copy Assignment in Handbook

Schedule• Warm-Up• PowerPoint Transcontinental RR

Assignment: Assignment Page 1

Closure: How did the transcontinental railroad change the US?

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Railroads Link East & West

• 1863, Central Pacific + Union Pacific began building first transcontinental railroad

• Federal govt. lent each company millions– Also gave companies land along track (to sell = $$$)

· Labor was scarce due to the hard, dangerous work and low pay.

· Therefore, immigrant labor was used. Massive discrimination

Union Pacific •Started in Nebraska•Hired many Irish immigrants•Laid more track due to Great Plains (flat land)

Central Pacific•Started in California •90% of their workforce were Chinese immigrants•Had to cross Sierra Nevada Mts.

“White manpower, the kind employers preferred, was in desperately short supply…The few white recruits who did straggle in…leaned on their picks when the boss rode away and shouldered their shovels on

payday.”

Immigrant Workers

Promontory Point: Utah•Meeting place

Chinese railroad workers perform their duties in the snow.

The workers endured scorching deserts, blinding snowstorms, and blasted through mountains.

http://www.elkorose.com/carlincanyon/010819canyon_1_small.JPG

“PACIFIC CHIVALRY”Harper’s Weekly, August 7, 1869, page 512 (Nast Cartoon)

Impact of Railroad

Solar Time– Based time off sun’s

position in the sky time issues for trains traveling long distance

Standard Time– 4 time zones across the

US

• R.R. brought settlers to the frontier (West/Great Plains which was occupied mainly by Native Americans)– Weaken Native American hold on the West

• Railroads link nation economically– Trains from west carry raw materials

(lumber/grain/cattle) to eastern cities– Eastern cities turn raw materials into

manufactured goods in their factories which are then sold to westerners

Warm-Up: Answer the 3 questions on page 4 in your Notes Packet.

Schedule• Warm-Up• PowerPoint Cattle Industry, Gold Rush & Wild West• Was the Wild West Wild• Clips + Pictorial Walkthrough• PowerPoint Western Realities

Assignment: Assignment Page 2 due Friday Quiz Next Week

Closure: Why was the Wild West portrayed as ‘Wild’?

Mining Industry

“Gold Fever” help draw people to the west

Mining in the West

Colorado: Pike’s Peak- 1859 gold discovery = 100,000 miners

The mining camp nearby turned into Denver, CO (eventual capital) = boomtown

1859 miners hit ‘pay dirt’ at Comstock Lode in Nevada (Sierra Nevada Range)

Lode- deposit of valuable minerals (silver and gold) buried in rock

Comstock Lode produced over $300 million in silver and gold

• Rush Ends– Few prospectors actually became rich large

mining companies have machines dig deep underground

– Work was hard/dangerous (cave-ins, lung problems)

– 1890s, mining production decrease = ghost towns

**Positive**Nevada, Colorado, South Dakota became states

due to population increases

Cattle Industry • 1st cowhands- vaqueros- came from Mexico and

settled in Southwest– Helped ranchers manage their herds– Taught American cowhands to round up,

rope, brand, ride

• Many different people worked as cowhands– 1/3 were Mexican + African-Americans– African Americans migrate west due to black

codes

• By 1860s, railroads changed cattle industry– Bring cattle from Texas to the east coast

• Long Drive- cowhands drive cattle from Texas => Kansas to be shipped east

• Very profitable – Cattle ate on open range for two years (cost

ranchers nothing)

• Chisholm Trail was most used by cowhands

End of Long Drive Reasons

• Price of beef decrease too much supply

• Barbed wire cut down on food for cattle + can’t pass freely

• Winter of 1886-87 froze to death

City 1860 Population 1890 Population

Denver Colorado 4,749 106,713

Des Moines Iowa 3,965 50,093

Kansas City Missouri 4,418 132,716

Omaha Nebraska 1,883 140,452

Portland Oregon 2,874 46,385

What does this graphic show?

What do you think caused this dramatic changed in only 30 years?

Wild West QuizAnswer True or False: Don’t Copy Statements

1) Murder was common out West?

2) There were famous outlaws such as John Wesley Hardin and ‘Bandit Queen’ Belle Starr.

3) Gunfights and stagecoach robberies were common place.

4) The Native Americans usually provoked fights with settlers/soldiers?

5) In some places, people formed vigilante groups to protect themselves.

6 Banks were rarely robbed in the Wild West.

Movie Clips

TOMBSTONE

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1vsmpGfB9Q

A FISTFUL OF DOLLARS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgxTwmjWYSs

Picture A

Picture B

Picture C

Picture D

The Real West• Many different people contributed

– Mexicanos influenced its culture (cattle industry)

– African Americans• Ranching• Served in US army- nicknamed Buffalo

Soldier by Native Americans– Chinese built railroads– Legends had Indians attacking

soldiers/settlers– Government played big part in taming West

• Army removed Natives• Built railroads + gave free land to settlers

Warm-Up: Answer question on bottom of page 5 in Notes-Packet. Copy down Assignment(s) in Handbook. Copy

Assignments.

Schedule• Warm-Up• How to do a DBQ• Complete document questions• Graphic Organizer—fill in

Assignment: DBQ graphic organizer + Chapter Quiz

Closure: How do we go about completing a DBQ?

Warm-Up: Go to page 11 in Notes-Packet, underline outside information, and put in graphic organizer.

Copy Assignments.

Schedule• Warm-Up• Review graphic organizer• Class Writing Introduction + Body paragraphs

Assignment: Chapter Quiz (complete review sheet)

Closure: How do we go about completing a DBQ?

Warm-Up: In Notes-Packet, after body paragraphs, write your own conclusion paragraph. Copy

Assignment.Schedule• Warm-Up• Pair-Share conclusion• Sample Student Essay Discussion• Review Rubric & last minute questions• Quiz questions

Assignment: Study for Quiz

Closure: How do we go about completing a DBQ?

Warm-Up: QUIZ. Copy Assignments.

Schedule• Quiz• Put finished quiz in period bin, grab Native American packet and

complete Assignment page 3 questions

Assignment: Assignment Page 3 due TOMORROW

Closure: How were Native Americans affected by westward expansion?

Warm-Up: Notes-Packet pgs. 15-21 answer all questions for each document. Fill in graphic organizer on loose-leaf.

Schedule• Warm-Up• Review documents + organizer• Use Native American packet to find 3 pieces of outside

information (10-12 minutes) for organizer• Start introduction paragraph

Assignment: Introduction Paragraph

Closure: How did westward expansion impact Native Americans?

Warm-Up: Left side of class (culture), right side of class (land) body paragraph write-up with outside

information included. 15 minutes.

Schedule• Warm-Up• Collective write-up• Conclusion paragraph

Assignment: NONE

Closure: How were Native Americans negatively affected by western expansion of the US?

1st Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851

ARTICLE 2…the right of the United States Government to establish roads, military and other posts, within their respective

(native) territories.

ARTICLE 5. The aforesaid Indian nations do hereby recognize and acknowledge the following tracts of country… as their respective

territories… (See Map)

Sand Creek Massacre While Native Americans were waving white flags to symbolize peace, U.S. troops attacked. As many as 200 Indians, more than half women and children, had been killed and mutilated which pleased many people in the Colorado Territory.  As word of the massacre spread, Indians of the southern and northern plains stiffened in their resolve to resist white encroachment.

2nd Treaty of Fort Laramie: 1868

This treaty gave the Black Hills of South Dakota to the Indians.

However, when gold was found, whites flooded into the Native Americans’ land.

Two Sioux chiefs – Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull joined forces to stop the white invaders.

The Battle of Little Bighorn was the last major Native American victory. Crazy Horse surrendered in 1877 and Sitting Bull fled to Canada but was captured and put on a reservation in 1881.

Won the battle, lost the war

Background on Big Joe!

Chief Joseph was the chief of the Nez Perce Indians. When his people were faced with forced removal by the US Government to reservations in Idaho, he peacefully resisted and retreated.

He traveled over 1000 miles in 4 months before the US Army caught him!

Letter from ParentMy Dear Sir,

I am asking you a favor to put before Mr. Dickerson and the principal. I would like to have my little Robert…home for the remainder of this term. 1st, on account of the ill-health of Mrs. George; so he can care for the baby when I am not home. 2nd, he is too small, and this only serves as a stumble-block to the school. 3rd, he is not sound in health and would get proper attention at home. If we be grateful our request we would forward his fare from Marysville to Bellingham with those coming home for Christmas. Thanks.

  Response Letter Tulalipi Indian Agency

I am in receipt of your letter of the 14th, instant addressed, to Mr. Garcia concerning your son Robert. Because of some unavoidable delays to our school work during the first part of the school year we are now finding it necessary to shorten our Christmas vacation; consequently, it has been deemed advisable that none of the children be permitted to go home this year at Christmas time. I am sorry that your son won’t be home for Christmas. The doctor informs me that Robert is in good health; and he is getting along nicely in school. Although he is rather small, he gets along very well and I believe that it is the best for the boy that he remains here at school.

  Very Truly Yours,Superintendent

First thing: Cut braids, strip and give new clothes…alter identity.

No communication homeNo more Native American languages…ALL ENGLISH

Indian Boarding Schools

• Goal: assimilation = get them to adopt another culture. (“Americanize”)

• Most famous nearby in Carlisle– Famous Alum = Jim Thorpe, Olympian

• Motto: “Kill the Indian and Save the Man”• Militaristic . ½ Academic and ½ Manual

Labor• Many Indian children died of disease

– Overcrowding, new climate, poor diet = tuberculosis, smallpox, measles, homesickness

Dawes Act (1887) …any reservation or any part thereof of such

Indians is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes, to cause said reservation…to be surveyed, or resurveyed if necessary, and to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty (exclusive individual ownership) to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows:

To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section;To each single person over eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section;To each orphan child under eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; andTo each other single person under eighteen years now living…one-sixteenth of a section:

By the late 1880s, many Indian tribes, desperate and facing a dire existence of poverty, hunger and disease, sought a means of salvation to revitalize their traditional culture. The evolution of a new religion, the Ghost Dance, was a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life. In early 1889, a Paiute shaman, Wovoka, had a vision during an eclipse of the sun in which he saw the second coming of Christ and received a warning about the evils of the white man. The Ghost Dance religion promised an apocalypse in the coming years during which time the earth would be destroyed, only to be recreated with the Indians as the inheritors of the new earth. The buffalo and antelope would return, and deceased ancestors would rise to once again roam the earth, now free of violence, starvation, and disease. Believers were encouraged to engage in frequent ceremonial cleansing, meditation, prayer, chanting, and most importantly, dancing the Ghost Dance. Hearing rumors of the prophecy and fearing that it was an indication of renewed violence, whites began to panic.

Another interesting spiritual belief…

The Sioux Indians believed that in order to have fewer enemies in the afterlife, he had to scalp his opponent on the battlefield.

Civilian grave diggers bury the Lakota/Sioux dead in a mass grave.  American Horse, Oglala Sioux, and others described the carnage:"...A mother was shot down with her infant; the child not knowing that its mother was dead was

still nursing...The women as they were fleeing with their babies were killed together, shot right through…a cry was made that all those who were not killed or wounded should come forth and they would be safe. Little boys...came out of their places of refuge, and as soon as they came in sight a number of soldiers surrounded them and butchered them there."

 Black Elk:"…And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud, and was buried in the

blizzard. A people's dream died there. It was a beautiful dream . . . . the nation's hope is broken and scattered. There is no center any longer, and the sacred tree is dead.”

Warm-Up: Complete pg. 22 in Notes-Packet. Copy Assignments.

Schedule• Warm-Up• Quiz Review• PPT Land Giveaway + Western Farmer

Assignment: Assignment Page 4 DUE MONDAY + Chapter Test Wednesday 9/18

Closure: How did the federal government encouraged western settlement & how was frontier life like for farmers?

Great Land Giveaway

Homestead Act 1962

Government offered 160 acres of land to anyone who agreed to live on and improve

the land for 5 years…NO COST

INCREASED WESTERN MIGRATION

• Exodusters African American migrants

• European immigrants

Farm LifeFarming Difficulties:

Winter- deep snowSpring- melting snow = floodingSummer- hot temp/windShort supply of wood and water

Set-up House:Plains were nearly treelessBuilt homes with sod (top layer of prairie soil/roots)

Importance of Women:FarmEducate kidsOffer medical care- snake bites/broken bonesMade clothing/food for family

Farming technology made farming more efficient = increase productionSteel Plow- cut through tough sodWindmills- pump water from deep wellsBarbed Wire- fence in land/livestock

Warm-Up: Answer the two ** questions on pg. 28 in Notes-Packet. Copy Assignments.

Schedule• Warm-Up• 19th century economics section

Assignment: Chapter Test Wednesday 9/18

Closure: What economic problems did farmers face? How did the Populist Party sought to address the economic problems faced by farmers?

POPULIST PARTY• “MOVEMENT OF

THE PEOPLE”• FOUNDED IN 1892• DEMANDED

REFORMS TO LIFT THE BURDEN OF DEBT FROM FARMERS AND OTHER WORKERS

POPULIST HERO, WILLIAM J. BRYAN

Farmers OrganizeFarmer Issues

• Prices for crops decrease = decrease profit

• Expenses increase (equipment + shipping costs)

The Grange

• Initially social service formed cooperatives (farming organization run by farmers) to keep more profit—sold crops directly to merchants

Populist Party Platform“The People’s Party”

1) Government ownership of the RR,

telegraph, & telephone industries

2) An 8 hour workday

3) Free coinage of silver

4) Candidate William Jennings

Bryant

Populist Thought Process

• More silver = more $$$ in circulation

• More $$$ = inflation

• Inflation = rising prices

• Rising prices for crops = farmers can pay back $ they borrowed to improve farms.

Opponents • Those against free silver wanted to stick

to the gold standard.

• This system required the government to back every dollar with a certain amount of gold.

• Gold is limited, therefore less

money will circulate, and there

will be no inflation.

Cross of Gold Speech “Burn down your cities and leave our

farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country… We answer…their demand for a gold standard by saying…You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of

gold.” (1896 Democratic Convention)

William Jennings Bryant: Won majority of the S and W farmers

William McKinley: Backing of big business/bankers = victory

Favored Gold Standard, warned free silver = ↑ Prices

McKinley won 1896 Presidential election

Warm-Up: Grab review packet from front cart. Find specified question(s). Use textbook +

Notes-Packet to answer.

Schedule:• Warm-Up• Review Packet—independent work• Review Packet—Share out

Assignment: TEST TOMORROW

Closure: Any questions on the review sheet?

Warm-Up: TEST TAKING PROCEDURES

Schedule:• Warm-Up Test

Assignment: NONE

Closure: How was America transformed by Western Expansion?