LANGUAGELANGUAGE TRANSFERTRANSFERWord borrowingsWord borrowings

Dolly Ramos GDolly Ramos G

LANGUAGE TRANSFERLANGUAGE TRANSFER

it is also known as L1 interference, it is also known as L1 interference,

linguistic interference, and cross meaninglinguistic interference, and cross meaning

learner's trying to apply rules andlearner's trying to apply rules and

forms of the first language into the second forms of the first language into the second

Language.Language.

Language transferLanguage transfer speakers or writers applying knowledge from speakers or writers applying knowledge from

their native language to a second language. their native language to a second language.

it occurs in any situation when someone does it occurs in any situation when someone does not have a native-level command, as when not have a native-level command, as when translating into a second languagetranslating into a second language

The effect can be on any aspect of language: grammar, vocabulary, accent, spelling and so on

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TRANSFERTRANSFER

POSITIVE:POSITIVE: unit or structure of both unit or structure of both languages is the same, linguistic languages is the same, linguistic interference can result in correct language interference can result in correct language production. EX: True cognates.production. EX: True cognates.

NEGATIVE:NEGATIVE: when speakers and writers when speakers and writers

transfer items and structures that are not transfer items and structures that are not the same in both languages. EX: False the same in both languages. EX: False cognates.cognates.

MECHANISM MECHANISM CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS

CONSCIOUS:CONSCIOUS: Learners or Learners or unskilled translators may unskilled translators may sometimes guess when sometimes guess when producing speech or text in a producing speech or text in a second language.second language.

UNCONSCIOUS:UNCONSCIOUS: Learners Learners may not realize that the may not realize that the structures and internal rules structures and internal rules of the languages in question of the languages in question are different.are different.

MULTIPLE ACQUIRED MULTIPLE ACQUIRED LANGUAGELANGUAGE

Transfer can also occur Transfer can also occur betweenbetween

acquired languages, whenacquired languages, when

people are learning two people are learning two

language language simultaneously they simultaneously they

may assume that a structure or may assume that a structure or

internal rule frominternal rule from one language one language

is the same in the other is the same in the other

language.language.

Theory of Contrastive Theory of Contrastive AnalysisAnalysis

“…“…is a way of is a way of comparing languages comparing languages in order to in order to determine determine potential errors potential errors for the ultimate for the ultimate purpose of isolating purpose of isolating what needs to be learned what needs to be learned and what does not need to be learned in a second and what does not need to be learned in a second language learning situation..” Gass & Selinker, p72language learning situation..” Gass & Selinker, p72

It was viewed as providing a It was viewed as providing a scientific basis scientific basis for L2 for L2 teaching materials.teaching materials.

"...those elements that are similar to his native "...those elements that are similar to his native language will be simple for him, and those language will be simple for him, and those elements that are different will be difficult." Lado elements that are different will be difficult." Lado (1957)(1957)

THANK YOU VERY THANK YOU VERY MUCHMUCH

Interference Interference TheoryTheory

This refers to the idea that This refers to the idea that forgetting occurs because forgetting occurs because the recall of certain items the recall of certain items interferes with the recall of interferes with the recall of other items.other items.