Transdisciplinary Approaches to Occupational Safety … · Transdisciplinary Approaches to...
Transcript of Transdisciplinary Approaches to Occupational Safety … · Transdisciplinary Approaches to...
Transdisciplinary Approaches to
Occupational Safety and Health
Research and Practice
Pietra Check, MPH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Invited Lecture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
September 28, 2012
The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author
and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health.
Outline
• Research Translation and Research to Practice
• Work as a social determinant of health
• Team research
• Team research in occupational safety and health
• Example: NIOSH partnership with Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Example: Safety Pays, Falls Cost construction campaign
• Questions
Problem
“Why aren’t we realizing more substantial
clinical benefits from this explosion of
discovery? When will we see sustained and
tangible improvements in human health?”
Disis & Slattery (2010) Science Translational
Medicine 2(22):22cm9 1-4, p. 1.
www.stm.sciencemag.org
Translational Research/
Research Translation
• Began with NIH: “bench to bedside”
• Emerging:
– Public health impact
– Specific health outcomes
– Healthcare innovations
– Reductions in disparities
– Economics
– Policy changes
The Research Continuum
Changes in Policy & Practice
Basic Research & Surveillance
Applied Research
Evaluation
Communication of Results
Research to Practice
A collaborative process between NIOSH and its
partners that combines the generation of
knowledge with the adoption of that knowledge
in the workplace to reduce worker injury and
illness.
Work is a Social Determinant of Health
“…the conditions in which people are born,
grow, live, work and age… These
circumstances are shaped by the distribution
of money, power and resources at global,
national and local levels, which are
themselves influenced by policy choices…”
-WHO
www.who.int
Transdisciplinary Research
• Bridges knowledge and action
• Issue-driven
• Integration of perspectives, theories,
approaches results in a new framework
• Collaboration between disciplines, non-
researchers, stakeholders etc.
• All expertise weighted equally
Barriers
• Infrastructure
– Funding
– Publications
– Silos
• Vocabulary and other communication issues
• “Culture” barriers between disciplines,
between academic and non-academic
• Loss of “control” by researchers
Benefits
• Generate better understanding of complex
problems, social issues
• Identify promising solutions and actions
• Move research into practice more quickly and
effectively
Research Translation in OSH
• End-user orientation
• Engaging stakeholders to improve the
relevance, quality, and impact of research
• Evaluation
• Practice
Engaging Stakeholders & End-Users
• Community-based participatory research
• Participatory action research
• Participatory research
• Action research
• Partnership
• Advisory Committees
• Consultations
Example: NIOSH Partnership with
Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Transdisciplinary team:
– Anthropology
– Psychology
– Industrial Hygiene
– Public Health
– Immigrant issues, community groups
– Promotores de salud
– Health Communications
– International Cooperation & Development
– Migrant Health & Epidemiology
Goal
To integrate occupational safety and health as a
key subject area into the health promotion
infrastructure of the Mexican Consulates in the
US
Expected Outcomes
• Series of education/awareness materials on
OSH
• Training curriculum for promotores de salud,
other health promotion staff
• Improved & expanded network of OSH service
providers
• Enhanced equity for workers
• Replication of the model
Research Methods
• Behavior change/communication theory
• Observation
• Active Listening
• Key Informant Interviews
• Cognitive Testing
• Subject matter expert consultation
• Peer & stakeholder review
• Intercept interviews
• Pilot testing
Unexpected Outcomes
• Individual consulates requested assistance (2
independent events) re: potential clusters
• Contributed to survey instruments, will
request data stripped of identifiers
• Participation on consultation & advisory
committees for health promotion program
• Collaboration between health promotion &
legal protection departments
Success?
• Difficult to measure
• Non-traditional outcomes
• To whom are we responsive?
“If teams cannot critically evaluate their own
innovations in a safe, shared, intellectual space,
they are doomed.” Disis & Slattery (2010) p.3
Example: Safety Pays, Falls Cost
Transdisciplinary team:
• OSH researchers, epidemiologists
• Safety and health professionals, regulators
• Trade associations
• Labor representatives
• Other industry groups
• Health communications
• Social marketing and public affairs
Goal
To provide small residential construction
contractors/owners the information, motivation,
and support they need to create the necessary
conditions for their workers to work safely at
heights.
Intended Audience
Primary:
• Contractors/owners of small residential firms
Secondary:
• Foremen/supervisors
Tertiary:
• Workers
Process – Formative Research
• Environmental Scan
• Focus group study
– 15 focus groups in 4 cities
– Small residential contractors, or their
supervisors/foremen (6 groups)
– English-speaking workers (6 groups)
– Spanish-speaking workers (3 groups)
Process – Campaign Planning
• Contractor
– Comprehensive social marketing plan
• Sector Council team
– Choose essential and feasible activities
– Reach out to key partners
– Design initial Campaign materials & evaluation strategy
– Mobilize to plan Campaign launch & subsequent activities
Key Strategies
• Partnerships
• Media Relations
• Internet and New Media
• Advertising
• State and Local Engagement
• 360 degree outreach
– Contractors encounter the Campaign in the course of their daily lives
State and Local Engagement
• Direct outreach to intended audience
• Engage local media
• Host a local event
– Training, education, awareness
– Observance
– Equipment or practice demonstration
– Contractor-expert meet & greet
Partnerships
• State/local level
– Chambers of Commerce
– DOL-DPH
– Associations, e.g. home builders
– Businesses, e.g. distributors, retailers, rental companies
• National
– 2-3 key general partners
– National associations, unions, government
Campaign Activities
• Produce and distribute materials
• Get the word out
• Promote, host, or sponsor events
• Assist with evaluation
• Reach out to new partners
Materials
• NIOSH-OSHA Cobranded Poster & Fact Sheet
• Checklists/infographs
• Videos
• Toolbox talks
• Spot-the-Hazard Cards
• Sticker
• Partner Toolkit
• Press kit
Acknowledgements
Michael Flynn
Nura Sadeghpour
Elizabeth Garza
Josana Tonda
Javier Diaz de Leon
US-Mexico Border Health
Commission
Gudelia Rangel-Gomez
Christine Branche
Scott Schneider
Janie Gittleman
Pete Stafford
Jim Maddux
NORA Construction Sector
Council Campaign
Coordinating Committee
Questions?
Pietra Check, MPHDeputy Director, Office of Agriculture Safety and Health
Coordinator, Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing Program
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Washington, DC
202.245.0660