Transcendentalism
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Transcript of Transcendentalism
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Transcendentalism
• EQ: Who were the key Transcendentalists and what were some of the important literary/artistic creations of the antebellum period?
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Transcendentalism
Walden Pond, Concord MA
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What does “transcendentalism” mean?
• There is an ideal spiritual state which “transcends” the physical and empirical.
• A loose collection of eclectic ideas about literature, philosophy, religion, social reform, and the general state of American culture.
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Where did it come from?• Ralph Waldo Emerson gave German
philosopher Immanuel Kant credit for popularizing the term “transcendentalism.”
• It began as a reform movement in the Unitarian church.
• It is not a religion—more accurately, it is a philosophy or form of spirituality.
• It centered around Boston and Concord, MA. in the mid-1800’s.
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What did Transcendentalists believe?
Transcendentalism: A movement that sought to explore the relationship between humans and nature through emotions rather than through reason.
This was not a religion, but rather a movement to show humans how connected they are to the nature around them.
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Who were the Transcendentalists?
• Ralph Waldo Emerson• Henry David Thoreau
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Ralph Waldo Emerson• 1803-1882• Unitarian minister• Poet and essayist• Founded the
Transcendental Club• Popular lecturer• Banned from Harvard for
40 years following his Divinity School address
• Supporter of abolitionism
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Henry David Thoreau• 1817-1862• Schoolteacher, essayist,
poet• Most famous for Walden
and Civil Disobedience• Influenced environmental
movement• Supporter of abolitionism
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LITERATURE• 1800’s literature illustrated daily life in early
America.• Famous Authors of the 1800’s
• Washington Irving wrote• Rip Van Winkle, the Legend of Sleepy Hollow and The Sketchbook
• Theme - change occurs but traditions remain• James Fenimore Cooper wrote
• The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans• Theme – life on the frontier
• Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote• The Scarlet Letter
• Theme – morality, stigma’s, good v evil• Herman Melville wrote
• Moby Dick• Theme – good v evil
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LITERATURE• Famous Authors of the 1800’s continued
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote• Paul Revere’s Ride
• Theme – American historical events• Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote
• Concord Hymn• Theme – American historical event, spirituality and
transcendentalism• Henry David Thoreau wrote
• Resistance to Civil Government• Theme – civil disobedience, nature, abolitionism
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LITERATURE• Famous Authors of the 1800’s continued
• Louisa May Alcott wrote
• Little Women• Theme – Feminine humanity
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ART• Famous Artists of the 1800’s
• Hudson River School• Theme – natural wonders, landscapes of the Catskills
Mountains and the Hudson River.• Established by Thomas Doughty• Artists: Thomas Cole, Asher Durand and George Caleb Bingham
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MUSIC• Famous Musicians of the 1800’s
• Stephen C. Foster• Performed musicals with American songs in large cities and
log cabins using banjos and pianos.• Combined African and European music to create a uniquely
American sound.• Songs: My Old Kentucky Home and Swanee River
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ARCHITECTURE• Architectural Themes of the 1800’s
• Public buildings were modeled on classical styles of Rome and Greece.
• Private homes and plantations were modeled on the style of Greek Revival .