Transactional Analysis_Interpersonal Communication.ppt
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Transcript of Transactional Analysis_Interpersonal Communication.ppt
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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION(WITH REFERENCE TO TRANSACTIONALANALYSIS)
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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
Transactional Analysis is a theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne in the 1950s.
Originally trained in psychoanalysis, Berne wanted a theory which could beunderstood and available to everyone.
Transactional Analysis is an outcome of social psychology and a method toimprove communication.
The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how werelate and communicate with others, and offers suggestions andinterventions which will enable us to change and grow.
TA includes 4 major areas that are Ego States, Transaction, Life positionsand Strokes & Games.
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EGO STATES
A. Parent Ego Statecharacterized by domineering,over protective & loving, stern and critical. It isillustrated by those who establish standard and rule forother
B. Adult Ego StateIn this people attack problems in acool minded rational manner. In adult state informationis gathered, carefully analyzed, alternatives generated,and make logical choices
C. Child Ego Statesubmissive & conforming,emotional, joyful, or rebellious. Characterized by veryimmature behaviors
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TRANSACTION BETWEEN EGO STATES
A. Complimentary transaction: It shows 3 possible complementary.Transactions are complimentary if the message sent or behavior exhibitedby 1 person ego state receive the appropriate and expected response fromthe other person ego state.
P
A A
P
C
P
C
P
C
A A
C
P
CC
AA
P
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B. Crossed Transaction: It is occurs when message sent the behaviorexhibited by the 1 personsego state is reacted to by an incompatible andunexpected ego state on the part of the other person.
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C. Ulterior Transaction: They are very damaging to interpersonalrelation because it always involve at least two ego state on the partof 1 person. Individual may say one thing but mean quite another.
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LIFE POSITIONS
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STROKES AND GAMES
Strokes: Simply means giving some kind of recognition to theother
Positive
Negative
Games: A series of ulteriorly motivated transactions thatappear complementary on the surface but end in bad
feelings
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INTERPERSONALCOMMUNICATION
Interpersonalcommunication deals with relationshipsbetween people, usually in face-to-face private settings.
Interpersonalcommunication is the primary way through
which relationships are created, maintained, and changed.
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USES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Give and collect information.
Influence the attitudes and behavior of others.
Give and receive emotional support.
Form contacts and maintain relationships.
Make sense of the world and our experiences in it.
Make decisions and solve problems.
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ISSUES INFLUENCING INTERPERSONALCOMMUNICATION
Personality conflict:
Each of us has a unique way of interacting with
others. Personal opposition always based on :
personal dislikes
personal Ego states
life positions
personal disagreements
different personality styles
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EXAMPLE: IMAGINE THE POTENTIAL FOR A TOP LEVEL PERSONALITYCONFLICT AT EMC CORP. A LEADING MAKER OF DATA STORAGEEQUIPMENT.
Mr. A was CEO for 9yrs. Mr. B was working under him.
Gave up his position in 2001,due topersonality conflict.
Become new CEO in 2001.
In 2002, interview he gave A grade to Mr.Bfor innovation & Strategic mgmt. but F inFin. Mgmt. because of loss.
Mr. B wanted to move faster to cut cost,make acquisitions & introduce newsoftware's.
He is not interested in one to one relation. He would like to make one-to-one relation.
Make tough decisions slowly. Make tough decisions quickly.
He thinks thank-you is a sign of weakness. Mr. B praises & thanks his troops regularly.
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GENDER DIFFERENCES
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Communication Barriers between men
& women: Difference in style of conversation.
Both have different mind set, priorities and principles.
Ways of dealing with the same situation are very different.
A research shows that Men use to talk to emphasize statuswhereas women use it to create connection.
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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
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CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Barriers caused by differences among perception
Barriers caused by tone difference
Barriers caused by semantics
Barriers caused by word connotations. Words imply different
things in different languages.
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Politically Correct Communication
How do you describe a person who is wheelchair bound (ashandicapped or physically challenged)
Elderly or senior
We must be sensitive to others feelings
Should choose politically correct word
Words might have the same meaning but politically correctnessrefers either words are soothing or hurting someone
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CASE STUDYHeading off a Permanent Misunderstanding
Mindy Martin, Edward Sharp, Walter Murdoch are workingtogether in an organization.
Martin and Sharp were good friends and all three had very
healthy competition between them as they all were at the samelevel.
Martin was very hard working, ambitious and responsibleemployee. Because of their hard work and good efforts, Martinsdivision had become the leader in the company and the uppermanagement had praised her lavishly.
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She believed that with a good recommendation from Sharp, shewould get that promotion.
But unfortunately Murdoch received the promotion and movedto Topeka.
Martin was shocked. It was bad enough that she did not get thepromotion, but she could not stand the fact that Murdoch hadbeen chosen.
She and Sharp had taken to calling Murdoch Mr. Intolerable,because neither of them could stand his pompous arrogance.
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She felt that his being chosen was an insult to her.
When the grapevine confirmed her suspicion that Al Sharphad strongly influenced the decision, she determined to
reduce her interaction with Sharp to a bare minimum.
Relations in the office were very chilly for almost amonth. Sharp soon gave up trying to get in Martins favor
and they began communicating only in short.
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Finally William Attridge, their immediate boss, called the two
for a meeting. William said, were going to sit here until youtwo become friends again.
Martin resisted for a few minutes, denying that anything had
changed in their relationship, but when she saw that Attridgewas serious, she finally said, Sharp seems more interested indealing with Walter Murdoch.
Sharp could not say anything. Attridge came to the rescue.
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Attridge said that, Martin if youre upset about thatpromotion, you'd know that Sharp had nothing but praisedfor you and kept pointing out how this division would suffer ifwe buried you in Topeka.
With your bonuses you are making as much as Murdoch and ifyou work here continues to be outstanding, youll be headedfor much better place than Topeka.
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Embarrassed, Martin looked up at Sharp and apologizedfor treating him unfairly.
The next day office was almost back to normal. Martinand Sharp use to take a coffee break together every dayas earlier.
Stages/ Ego States Strokes Games Interpersonal
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Stages/periods
Ego States Strokes Games InterpersonalCommunication
Before
Promotion
Adult Ego Expecting
promotion.
Friendly, giving time
to each other, trust& enjoy free timetogether.
informal & formal,
face-to-facecommunication.
Promotiontakes place
Parent Ego Did not get thepromotion.
Chilly environment inoffice, not listening
to Sharp.
No interpersonalcommunication.
Cold warperiod
Child Ego
Felt that wasbetrayed bySharp.
Cold war, avoidance& escape fromconfrontations.
Only work relatedshortcommunication.
Meeting andthereafter
Adult Ego Came to know thetruth, realized hermistake &
apologized.
New relation havebeen established,more healthy &
strong.
HealthyCommunicationre-established.
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CONCLUSION
Now with the help of Psychoanalytical theory i.e. Transactional Analysis,Martin can understand her different behavior in different situation and canimprove those behavior which are not fruitful in those situation.
She can also use Interpersonal communication as to understand the person,real situation/conflicts better.
She can apply both to understand others behavior so that she can negotiate
with them easily and effectively.