Transactional analysisTA is technique to understand the

dynamics of self and its relationship to other .

It provides a method and approach of analyzing and understanding interpersonal behaviour .

TYPE OF TRANSACTIONS

1. COMPLEMENTARY2. NON-COMPLEMENTARY

COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTION These occur when message sent

by one person’s ego state receives the expected response from the other person’s ego state.

There is no scope of conflict in complimentary transactions.

For eg. Parent-parent, adult-adult ,parent-adult ,child-child.

NON-COMPLIMENTARY TRANSACTIONThe stimulus and response lines

are not parallel.Stimulus comes from first person

under the adult ego state ,but the response from other person is under the child ego state.

These crossed transactions are the source of much inter-personal conflict in an organization.

TA include :-Self awareness Ego states Life script Life position Transaction Games analyses Stroking

SELF-AWARENESS SELF-AWARENESS INCLUDES A

RECOGNITION OF OUR PERSONALITY, OUR STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES, OUR LIKES AND DISLIKES.

A PREREQUISITE FOR EFFECTIVE

COMMUNICATION RELATIONS,AND MANAGING CONFLICT AS WELL AS FOR DEVELOPING EMPATHY FOR OTHERS.

JOHARI WINDOW-A TOOL TO MANAGE CONFLICT

Information known to every one

Knowledge belongs only to Others

Knowledge belongs only to Self

Knowledge acquired by learning together

What we know and what they know

What we know and they do not know

What they know and we do not know

What we do not know and they do not know

Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham

MOVING TOWARDS OPEN SELF

Charles Handy

EGO STATESIRRESPECTIVE OF AGE

EVERYBODY HAS THESE EGO STATES AND EACH OF THEM GET ACTIVATED AT AN APPROPRIATE TIME.

Different ego states:-Parent egoAdult egoChild ego

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

AS PER TA, THE STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY IS DIVIDED INTO THREE EGO STATES:

P –PARENT EGO STATE (TAUGHT CONCEPT OF LIFE)

A- ADULT EGO STATE (THOUGHT CONCEPT OF LIFE)

C- CHILD EGO STATE (FELT CONCEPT OF LIFE)

LIFE POSITIONSDEPENDING ON THE

UNDERSTANDING OF THE EGO STATES INDIVIDUALS CAN UNDERSTAND THEIR LIFE POSITIONS. AS PER TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS, THERE ARE FOUR LIFE POSITIONS. ( Haris)

I AM OK,YOU ARE NOT OK ATTITUDE-’I AM ALWAYS RIGHT’

ANY DISAGREEMENT AROUSES A STRONG REACTION.

I AM NOT OK,YOU ARE OK.

QUITE SUBMISSIVE

LESS INOVATIVE

LACKS RISK TAKING RESPONSIBILITIES

I AM NOT O.K,YOU ARE NOT O.K

MOST DESTRUCTIVE LIFE POSITION

VERY LOW ‘ADULT EGO’ STATE AND OTHER EGO STATES ARE ALSO NOT FUNCTIONALLY DISTRIBUTED

HELPLESSS,DEPRESSED,MISERABLE,SUICIDAL,

FEEL MISERABLE, LACK OF CONFIDENCE

DO NOT TRUST OTHERS

Script analysisAcc. To Shakespeare , “All the

world is a stage. And all the men and woman are merely players. They have their exits and their entrances. Each plays many parts or roles”.

Role in script analysisLegitimate roles:- these roles are

realistically appropriate to the situation.

Illegitimate roles :-the roles are said to be illegitimate if they are used like masks and people use them for the purposes of manipulation

Game analysisAcc. To Eris Berne , “A game is a

recurring set of transactions, often repetition, superficially plausible, with a concealed motivation or more colloquially, a series of moves with a gimmick .”

Characteristics of game analysis Transactions tend to be repeated One or more of the transactions

is ulteriorThey make sense on superficial

or social level

Need for gameTo get stokes To strengthen life positionsTo avoid or control intimacy

Methods of preventing gamesAvoid to put other people down.Avoid to put oneself down.Giving positive stroke.Investing more life in activity.Levelling the thinking with other.

Stroking Any act implying recognition of

another presence.It may be positive or negative.

Benefits and uses TADeveloping positive thinking Interpersonal effectivenessMotivation Organisation development

Limitation of TA Difficult to understand ego states

and transactions b/w people in practice

May lead to more “cuteness”Can be used as a put-down in

inter-personal relation .