Tran Formation Kampu Ng Kota
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Transcript of Tran Formation Kampu Ng Kota
7/23/2019 Tran Formation Kampu Ng Kota
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THE TRANSFORMATION OFTHE TRANSFORMATION OF
KAMPUNGKOTAKAMPUNGKOTA: SYMBIOSYS: SYMBIOSYSBETWEENBETWEEN KAMPUNGKAMPUNG ANDAND
KOTAKOTA,,
A Case Study from JaartaA Case Study from Jaarta
Antony SihombingAntony Sihombing
Department of ArchitectureDepartment of ArchitectureUniversity of Indonesia, JAKARTAUniversity of Indonesia, JAKARTA
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BAC!"RO#NDBAC!"RO#ND
• 60% of Jakarta’s citizens lived in the
kampung s.
•
Jakarta government is trying to bring orderto the kampung s, and 30% of them had
been restructured by 2000.
• n Jakarta, there are more than 600
settlements or areas named kampung.
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INTROD#CTIONINTROD#CTION• Kampung is an unstructured, unorganized
and informal settlement in relation to thebroader socio-economic system. It can also
be realized as a settlement in an urban area
without infrastructure, planning or urbaneconomic networking.
• Kota has three meanings: first, kota as an
urban, city or town; second, kota as a city’scentre down town!; third kota as a negara or
go"ernment system.
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JA!ARTA: JA!ARTA:
From Tu$u to Mo%asFrom Tu$u to Mo%as
The eras of Jakarta:The eras of Jakarta: Tugu, Sunda Kelapa and JayakartaTugu, Sunda Kelapa and Jayakarta
Kota (Batavia 1)Kota (Batavia 1) Weltevreden and Koningsplein (Batavia II)Weltevreden and Koningsplein (Batavia II) MonasMonas and Independene S!uareand Independene S!uare
TuguTugu or "onu"ent is the representationor "onu"ent is the representationof a ne# kingdo" or ruler in Javaneseof a ne# kingdo" or ruler in Javaneseivili$ation% It is also a sy"&ol ofivili$ation% It is also a sy"&ol of&ureauray in Indonesian govern"ent&ureauray in Indonesian govern"ent
fro" the 'uth olonial era up to thefro" the 'uth olonial era up to thepresent%present%
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Tu$u, Su%da !e&a'a a%dTu$u, Su%da !e&a'a a%d
Jayaarta Jayaarta
Prasasti Prasasti
TuguTugu
(a monument conveying(a monument conveying
ancient script) was excavated from a site to theancient script) was excavated from a site to thesouth of the present harbour Tanjung Prioksouth of the present harbour Tanjung Priok(north coast of Jakarta), which was built in the(north coast of Jakarta), which was built in theth century !" by #ing Purnawarman from theth century !" by #ing Purnawarman from the
Tarumanegara #ingdom$Tarumanegara #ingdom$ Jakarta%s origins as a port can be traced back toJakarta%s origins as a port can be traced back to
about the twelfth century, when there wasabout the twelfth century, when there wasmention of a town calledmention of a town called Sunda KelapaSunda Kelapa,,
TheThe JayakartaJayakarta #ingdom ruled the city#ingdom ruled the city(Jayakarta) for nearly a century until the "utch(Jayakarta) for nearly a century until the "utchmilitary came and con&uered it in ''$military came and con&uered it in ''$
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!ota (Bata)*a +!ota (Bata)*a +
The "utch *ast +ndies ompany, whichThe "utch *ast +ndies ompany, which
captured the town (-unda #elapa) andcaptured the town (-unda #elapa) and
destroyed it in '', changed its namedestroyed it in '', changed its name
toto BataviaBatavia and made it the centre forand made it the centre for
the expansion of their power in thethe expansion of their power in the
*ast +ndies*ast +ndies
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We&te)rede% a%d !o%*%$s'&e*%We&te)rede% a%d !o%*%$s'&e*%
(Bata)*a II(Bata)*a II "uring the coloni.ation, the "utch established"uring the coloni.ation, the "utch established
/atavia twice, first at/atavia twice, first at KotaKota, on the coast north, on the coast northof old Jakarta and then in the surroundingof old Jakarta and then in the surroundingWeltevredenWeltevreden andand KoningspleinKoningsplein$$
WeltevredenWeltevreden andand KoningspleinKoningsplein, known as, known as 01ueen of the *ast%, had a central role and 01ueen of the *ast%, had a central role andmeaning during the second "utch colonialmeaning during the second "utch colonialperiod in the nineteenth century, after theperiod in the nineteenth century, after the/ritish period in /atavia2 they were also the/ritish period in /atavia2 they were also thesymbols of victory and power$symbols of victory and power$
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MonasMonas a%d I%de'e%de%-ea%d I%de'e%de%-e
S.uareS.uare
This period was marked by the development ofThis period was marked by the development ofnational identity$ -oekarno combined twonational identity$ -oekarno combined two
important symbols of power,important symbols of power, tugutugu (monument)(monument)
andand istanaistana (palace) in one place, itself(palace) in one place, itself
symbolically to be called +ndependence -&uare$symbolically to be called +ndependence -&uare$
-ince this time,-ince this time, MonasMonas has been veryhas been very
important as a symbol of independence,important as a symbol of independence,
national unity, democracy, identity and at thenational unity, democracy, identity and at thesame time a symbol of power$same time a symbol of power$
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JA!ARTA/s Sett&eme%t: JA!ARTA/s Sett&eme%t:
t0e D*1ere%-es a%d Co%2*-ts,t0e D*1ere%-es a%d Co%2*-ts,
a%d Sym3*ot*- 4*%s 3et5ee%a%d Sym3*ot*- 4*%s 3et5ee%
KampungKampung a%da%d KotaKota
The apparent contrastThe apparent contrast 3ard and soft edges3ard and soft edges -ymbiosis between-ymbiosis between kampungkampungs ands and kotakota
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THE A66ARENT CONTRASTTHE A66ARENT CONTRASTApparent contrast between kampung and kota
Kampung Kota
S p a c e a n d p l a c e Low-rise (on earth) settlement
Tiny spaces
Dense low-rise settlementFine grain
DiversitySoft space
Public
igh rise (on s!y) settlementLarge spaces
Dense high-rise settlement"oarse grain
#niformity$monotonyard (enclosed% rigid and walled) space
Private
L e g a l
&a'ority illegal (uncertified)#nprotected
nsecurenclusive no barriers% and unfenced
#nplanned and unregulatednformal and uncontrolled
#nrecogni*able boundaries
+ll legal (certified)Protected
Secure,clusive gated and fenced
Planned and regulatedFormal and controlled
.ecogni*able boundaries
S t r u c t u r e /o bureaucracy
Democratic
/on-government% RT and RW Society leaders
0ureaucracyTop-down power
1overnment
DPRD
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THE A66ARENT CONTRAST (7THE A66ARENT CONTRAST (7!!
S o c i o - c u l t u r a l
"ommunitySelf-management of crisis
ori*ontal conflicts+daptable
Tribal
(ndividualismTop-down management of crisis
2ertical conflicts(nadaptable
&ulti-ethnic or multi-cultural
& u l t i p l i c i t y
&ultiple use of buildings
&ultiple 'obs
Single use of buildings
Single 'obs
& o d e r n i *
a t i o n
a n d g l o b a l i * a t i o n
Kampung and slums
Traditional
Local&utual self-help
&etropolitan
&odern
1lobal#rban management
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HARD AND SOFT ED"ESHARD AND SOFT ED"ESRe-examination of contrast between kampung and kota
Kampungkota
Kampung +mbiguity of differences of images between kampung
and kota Kota
S p a c e
a n d
p l a c e
Tiny space
Fine grain
Public
Low-rise (on earth)
settlement
Dense (low-rise)
Diversity
Soft space
igh-rise (on s!y)
settlement
Dense (high-rise)
#niformity$
monotony
ard space
Large space
"oarse$massive grain
Private
L e g a l
&a'ority illegal
(uncertified)
#nprotected
#nplanned and
unregulated
nformal and uncontrolled
#nrecogni*able
boundaries
nsecure
nclusive no barriers% and
unfenced
Secure
,clusive gated and
fenced
+ll legal (certified)
Protected
Planned and regulated
Formal and controlled
.ecogni*able boundaries
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HARD AND SOFT ED"ESHARD AND SOFT ED"ES
S t r u c t u r
e
/o bureaucracy
/on-government ( RT and RW )
Society leaders
Democratic Top-down power0ureaucracy
1overnment
DPRD (ProvincialLegislative +ssembly)
S o
c i o - c u l t u r a l
"ommunitySelf-management of crisis
+daptableTribal
ori*ontal conflicts 2ertical conflicts
ndividualismTop-down management ofcrisis
nadaptable&ulti-ethnic or multi-
cultural
& u l t i p l i c i t y
&ultiple 'obs
&ultiple use of building Single use of building
Single 'ob
& o d e r n i * a t i o n
a n d
g l o b a l i * a t i o n
Kampung and slums
Local&utual self-help
Traditional &odern&etropolitan
1lobal#rban management
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SYMBIOSIS BETWEENSYMBIOSIS BETWEEN
KAMPUNGSKAMPUNGS ANDAND KOTAKOTA
KampungKampung residents need jobs andresidents need jobs and kampungskampungs have no ade&uate provision for this, whilehave no ade&uate provision for this, while kotakota has$has$ KotaKota needsneeds kampungskampungs for its workforcefor its workforce
and it does not provide this, whileand it does not provide this, while kampungskampungs do$do$ KotaKota needs an informal sector (needs an informal sector (warungswarungs),),
whilewhile kampungskampungs needneed kotakota for jobfor job
opportunities$opportunities$
Jakarta%s urban development depends inJakarta%s urban development depends invarious ways onvarious ways on kotanizationkotanization ofof kampungkampungs ands and
alsoalso kampungizationkampungization ofof kota.kota.
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CONC4#SIONSCONC4#SIONS
Jakarta consists of differences2 formal andJakarta consists of differences2 formal and
informal, modern and traditional, rich and poor,informal, modern and traditional, rich and poor,andand kotakota andand kampungskampungs$$
The images ofThe images of kampungskampungs andand kotakota discusseddiscussed
above demonstrate that although the imagesabove demonstrate that although the imageseach holds of itself and of the other areeach holds of itself and of the other are
different, they are ambiguous, blurred,different, they are ambiguous, blurred,
ambivalent, or slippery$ambivalent, or slippery$ The transformation of Jakarta urban form isThe transformation of Jakarta urban form is
symbiosis betweensymbiosis between kampungkampung andand kotakota
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60oto$ra'0s of !am'u%$s60oto$ra'0s of !am'u%$s
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60oto$ra'0s of !am'u%$s60oto$ra'0s of !am'u%$s
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THAN! YO#THAN! YO#
!4T546 -+357/+48!4T546 -+357/+48
a$sihombing9eng$ui$ac$ida$sihombing9eng$ui$ac$id"epartment of !rchitecture"epartment of !rchitecture
:niversity of +ndonesia:niversity of +ndonesia