Generic name

Generic nameBrand name Drug Classification Mechanism of Action Indications Adverse Reactions Nursing Responsibilities

tramadol

DolcetPharmacologic:Opioid agonistTherapeutic:Analgesic

InhibitsreuptakeofserotoninandnorepinephrineinCNSModerate to severe painCNS: Drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, headache, somnolence, restlessness, euphoria, confusion, anxiety, coordination disturbance, sleep disturbances, seizures.CV: Palpitations, vasodilation.GI: Nausea, constipation, vomiting, xerostomia, dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, flatulence.Body as a Whole: Sweating, anaphylactic reaction (even with first dose), withdrawal syndrome (anxiety, sweating, nausea, tremors, diarrhea, piloerection, panic attacks, paresthesia, hallucinations) with abrupt discontinuation.Skin: RashesUrogenital: Urinary retention/frequency, menopausal symptoms. Assess type, location, and intensity of pain before and 2-3 hr (peak) afteradministration. Assess BP & RR before and periodically during administration. Respiratory depression has not occurred with recommended doses. Assess bowel function routinely. Prevention ofconstipation should be instituted with increased intake of fluids and bulk and with laxatives to minimize constipating effects. Assess previous analgesic history. Tramadol is not recommended for patients dependent on opioids or who have previously received opioids for more than 1 wk;may cause opioid withdrawal symptoms.