Training Session # 1 Disability Overview. National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth...
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Transcript of Training Session # 1 Disability Overview. National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth...
Training Session # 1Training Session # 1Disability Overview Disability Overview
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment2
MISSION
To ensure that youth with disabilities are provided full access to high quality services in integrated settings in order to maximize their opportunity for employment and independent living
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment3
COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS
Center for Workforce Development, the Institute for Educational Leadership
Disability Studies & Services Center, the Academy for Educational Development
National Conference of State Legislatures
National Association of Workforce Boards
National Center on Secondary Education & Transition, the University of Minnesota
National Youth Employment Coalition
TransCen, Inc.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment4
TYPES OF PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES
• How to Guides• Information and Policy Briefs• Backgrounders• Hot Topics Syntheses• Funding Sources• Training Materials
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment5
What will you find in this Session?
Disability Definitions & General Statistics Legislative Requirements for Serving Youth with
Disabilities– Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)– Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)– Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VR)– Workforce Investment Act (WIA)
Disability Awareness & Etiquette Resources/Handouts
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment6
Why is this Information Important?
There is an increasing number of youth and adults with disabilities with varying needs and supports entering the workforce.
The workforce development system needs to possess a general understanding of rights, responsibilities, and rules pertaining to disability issues and how best to work with various populations.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment7
Disability Statistics(Lou Harris Poll- 2004)
54 million Americans have a disability 35% of working-age individuals with disabilities
work full-time or part-time 78% of working-age individuals without
disabilities work full-time
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment8
Employment of Youth in America
Approximately half of the youth in America do not go on to college and, in turn, receive little assistance in making the transition from school to employment
Between the ages of 18 and 27, the high school graduate not enrolled in a postsecondary educational program holds approximately six different jobs and experiences unemployment four to five times
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment9
Employment of Youth with Disabilities
Exceptionally high levels of unemployment and underemployment
High job turnover rate Extremely low levels of wage, promotion, and
independent living Typically trained for low wage, entry-level jobs Guided towards certain jobs and careers due to
misconceptions of disability
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment10
Why Focus on Youth with Disabilities?
Employment outlook for youth with disabilities remains poor as compared to employment outcomes for youth without disabilities
– There was a 12% decrease in unemployment for individuals without disabilities as compared to individuals with disabilities
– 60% unemployment rate for individuals with mild disabilities
– 80-90% unemployment rate for individuals with significant disabilities
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment11
Factors Influencing Poor Employment Prognosis
Estimates of youth in juvenile corrections system with any type of disability range from 32-80%
34.1% of all persons with disabilities do not complete high school
Enrollment of persons with disabilities in postsecondary programs is still 50% lower that it is for the general population
Unemployment rate for persons with disabilities remains 60-70%
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment12
Diverse Disabilities
Congenital v. Acquired Disabilities Visible v. Hidden Disabilities Sensory Physical Cognitive
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment13
Disability Legislation
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Vocational Rehabilitation Act (VR) Workforce Investment Act (WIA)
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment14
Definition of Disability(under the ADA)
Anyone with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the following major life activities (examples):– Walking - Working– Speaking - Taking care of self– Sitting - Learning– Hearing - Breathing– Thinking - Standing– Seeing - Sleeping– Concentrating - Reproduction
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment15
Definition of Disability(under the ADA) (Continued)
Individuals associated with persons with disabilities (i.e., spouses, children, etc.)
Anyone with a record of such impairment of substantial limitation
Being regarded as having such an impairment
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment16
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications, and activities of state and local government
Prohibits discrimination in private sector employment/training programs; and in state and local government employment, activities, and programs
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment17
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 (continued)
Covers compensation, promotion, fringe benefits, assignments, transfers, training, evaluations, discipline, social/recreation programs, application procedures, interviewing, and advancements
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment18
Titles of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Title I: Employment Title II: State and Local Governments Title III: Private Entities Title IV: Telecommunications Title V: Miscellaneous Provisions
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment19
Important ADA Terminology
Qualified person with a disability Essential job functions Reasonable accommodations Undue hardship
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment20
Qualified Person with a Disability
An individual with a disability who can:– satisfy the required skills, experience and
education for the desired or held position and– perform the “essential functions” of the
position, with or without “reasonable accommodations.”
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment21
Essential Job Functions
These are the tasks that are fundamental and necessary to perform a given position. They do not include marginal duties.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment22
Reasonable Accommodations
This is any change an employer makes that enables a qualified person with a disability to:
Have equal opportunity in the selection process,
Perform the essential functions, andEnjoy equal benefits and privileges of
employment.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment23
Reasonable Accommodations (Examples)
Reasonable Accommodations may include:– Extended breaks during work day– Providing or modifying equipment– Making facilities accessible and removing
barriers– Providing readers and sign language
interpreters– Allowing job coach participation
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment24
Undue Hardship
An employer needs to provide accommodations unless the accommodation would require “significant difficulty or expense” based on:
The size of the business operationThe financial resources of the employer
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment25
Undue Hardship(Continued)
The cost of the accommodation in relation
to the size of the business and its
resources,– The disruption to other workers– The alteration to the employer’s
business or the changes in the delivery of services.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment26
Undue Hardship Scenario #1
There is a small not-for-profit employment establishment (approximately 20 employees). They have access to limited resources and one of the employees is deaf and is seeking a full-time interpreter as an accommodation. After exploring all possible options, the cost of hiring a full-time interpreter would be at least $20,000. The small business is not able to afford such a cost and must seek other sources of support (possibly through VR) to help compensate the business.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment27
Undue Hardship Scenario #2
An employer is seeking a full-time position for someone to perform various administrative duties while the office is open for operation (9-5 pm). One of the functions of the job is to answer the telephones during office hours. An employee with a disability is seeking alternate hours for working at this job (11-7 pm) as an accommodation. The employer would essentially have to waive the essential functions of the job as they were posted for the job opening. The office is only opened from 9-5 pm and an additional part-time position would need to be filled in order to accommodate the alternate hours. This may be viewed as an undue hardship to the employer.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment28
Title II of the ADA
Title II of the ADA covers public entities and public transportation. It contains 2 parts:– Part 1: applies to all state and local
governments and is enforced by the Department of Justice and designated federal agencies
– Part 2: applies to public transportation and is enforced by the Department of Transportation
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment29
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
mandates public school districts receiving federal funds provide a “free appropriate public education” in the least restrictive environment
mandates transition services including activities that promote the movement from school to post-school activities, and appropriate placement options for all students who are eligible
prohibits public school students with disabilities from being excluded from school-based or work-based learning activities
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment30
IDEA (continued)
requires the inclusion of a transition statement relating to a student’s course of study beginning at age 16
focuses attention on how individual educational programs could be developed to help the youth successfully transition to life after high school
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment31
Definition of Disability(under the IDEA)
As defined by IDEA, the term “child with a disability” means a child:– With mental retardation, hearing impairments
(including deafness), speech or language impairments, visual impairments (including blindness), serious emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairments, autism, traumatic brain injury, other health impairments, or specific learning disabilities; and who by reason thereof, needs special education and related services.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment32
Differences Between IDEA & ADA
Free, Appropriate, Public Education (FAPE) vs. Reasonableness
Benefit vs. Nondiscrimination Prescriptive vs. Flexible Services vs. Accommodations Definition of Disability
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment33
The Rehabilitation Act
A priority to serve persons with severe disabilities was mandated.
The establishment of the Individual Written Rehabilitation Program (IWRP) was a major step to ensure the enhanced involvement of the consumer in developing a rehabilitation plan of action.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment34
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act states that no individual with a disability can be denied access to any program or activity that receives federal funds because of his/her disability.
Programs that receive federal funds must be accessible to people with disabilities– Barrier-free– Reasonable accommodations must be
provided
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment35
Section 508 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Section 508 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act requires that federal agencies’ electronic and information technology be accessible to people with disabilities, including employees and members of the public
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment36
The 5 Titles of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Title I- Vocational Rehabilitation Services Title II- Research & Training Title III- Special Federal Responsibilities Title IV- Administration and Program and Project
Evaluation Title V- Miscellaneous
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment37
Rehabilitation Services under the Rehabilitation Act for eligible
consumers provided at no cost
Education and training Work training Assessment Referral services Vocational counseling Assistive technology
Independent living skills Vocational evaluations Job placement Job coaching On-the-job training Post-employment services
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment38
Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998
• Creates a comprehensive job training system that consolidates a variety of federally funded programs into a streamlined process allowing individuals to access job training and employment services easily; and
• Requires states to develop and implement workforce investment systems that fully include and accommodate the needs of individuals with disabilities
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment39
Five Titles of WIA
Title I Workforce Investment Systems authorizes the new Workforce Investment System and provides services for adults, youth, and dislocated workers
Title II Adult Education and Literacy Title III Workforce Investment Related Activities Title IV Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998. Title V General Provisions
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment40
WIA: Basic Principles
Streamlining Services Empowering Individuals Universal Access Increased Accountability Strong Role for Local Boards State and Local Flexibility Improved Youth Programs
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment41
Workforce Development System
Encompasses organizations at the national, state, and local levels that have direct responsibility for planning, allocating resources (both public and private), providing administrative oversight and operating programs to assist individuals and employers in obtaining education, training, job placement, and job recruitment.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment42
Workforce Development System
Included in this broad network are several federal agencies charged with providing specific education and/or training support and other labor market services such as labor market information. At the state and local levels the network includes state and local workforce investment boards, state and local career and technical education and adult education agencies, vocational rehabilitation agencies, recognized apprenticeship programs, state employment and unemployment services agencies, state and local welfare agencies, and/or sub-units of these entities.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment43
Workforce Development System
A wide array of organizations provide direct education, training, or employment services (e.g. technical schools, colleges, and universities, vocational rehabilitation centers, apprenticeship programs, community based organizations, one-stop centers, welfare to work training programs, literacy programs, Job Corp Centers, unions, and labor/management programs).
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment44
One-Stop Career Center Services
Core Services: available to all at no cost (work skills, exploration, job search)
Intensive Services: if unable to get employment with core services (skills assessment, 1:1 resume consultation, case management, etc.)
Training: if eligible and have not gotten employed with above services (work skills training, OJT training, adult education/literacy)
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment45
Benefits for Youth
Information about local job/skills needed Skills development, interviewing, job search,
resume writing Opportunities for internships, summer jobs,
mentoring, etc. Learn about community resources Professional environment
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment46
Role of Youth Councils
Coordinates youth activities Recommends youth service providers to Local
Workforce Investment Boards (LWIB) Conducts oversight of youth activity providers Members must include:
– Parents - Members of LWIB– Local public housing– Job corps reps - Service agencies
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment47
Attitudes/Etiquette
In addition to the present legislation, there is an underlying “spirit of the law” that deals with the interaction of the public with persons with disabilities.
There are still misconceptions, lack of knowledge, and fear that accompany this interaction.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment48
Attitudes Regarding Individuals with Disabilities
Negative attitudes are often accompanied by lack of knowledge.
Exposure to people with disabilities helps reduce stereotypes.
Individuals with disabilities who learn alongside non-disabled peers have more success in schools, post-school environments and in workplaces than students who learn in segregated environments.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment49
Attitudes Regarding Individuals with Disabilities
Employers’ lack of knowledge may contribute to the myth that hiring individuals with disabilities is not cost-effective and they will contribute less to the profitability of the company as compared to individuals without disabilities.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment50
Communicating With and About Persons with Disabilities
Respect not pity It is important to use “person first language.” Emphasize an individual’s abilities- not
limitations. Do not label individuals as part of a disability
group. Be thoughtful and treat adults with disabilities as
adults. Allow for independence and choice.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment51
Communicating With and About Persons with Disabilities
Always direct your communication to the individual with a disability. Never address your comments to the companion.
Use normal speaking tone and style. If a louder voice is needed, the person will ask you to do so.
When introduced, it is appropriate to offer to shake hands. People with limited hand use or artificial limbs can usually shake hands.
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment52
Contact NCWD/Youth
1-877-871-0744 (toll free)1-877-871-0665 (TTY toll free)www.ncwd-youth.info www.highschoolhightech.net [email protected]*****************************
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth -- Making the Connection between Youth with Disabilities & Employment53
WHERE TO FIND ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
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