Training Manual_fire Alarm Sys

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Training Manual on Fire Alarm Systems

Published by:

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847Rosslyn, Virginia 22209

www.nema.org

Copyright 2003 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation intoother languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for theProtection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.

yright National Electrical Manufacturers Associationded by IHS under license with NEMA Licensee=Fluor Corp no FPPPV per administrator /2110503106, User=Ballesta, Joef

Not for Resale, 07/22/2006 01:53:42 MDTeproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS

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NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of personsengaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed.Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person

participating in the development of this document.

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, ofwhich the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensusstandards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out theviews of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMAadministers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development ofconsensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verifythe accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained inits standards and guideline publications.

NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any naturewhatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectlyresulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaimsand makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness ofany information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in thisdocument will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake toguarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtueof this standard or guide.

In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professionalor other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform anyduty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely onhis or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competentprofessional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available fromother sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered

by this publication.

NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents ofthis document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safetyor health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely theresponsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.



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Training Manual on Fire Alarm SystemsPage i

Copyright 2003 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.

CONTENTS

Page

Foreword ...................................................................................................................................vi

Section 1 GENERAL1.1 Scope......................................................................................................................................... 11.2 Referenced Standards .............................................................................................................. 11.3 General Definitions.................................................................................................................... 1

Section 2 BASIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS2.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 132.2 Control Unit.............................................................................................................................. 132.3 Non-Coded System ................................................................................................................. 142.4 Zoned Non-Coded System...................................................................................................... 142.5 Coded System......................................................................................................................... 142.6 Master Coded System.............................................................................................................142.7 March Time Coded System..................................................................................................... 14

2.8 Selective Coded System ......................................................................................................... 142.9 Zoned Coded System.............................................................................................................. 152.10 Voice Fire Alarm System......................................................................................................... 152.11 Control Unit Operation............................................................................................................. 152.12 Performance of Circuits...........................................................................................................162.13 Initiating Device Circuits .......................................................................................................... 17

2.13.1 Two-Wire Using Normally Open Contact Initiating Devicesand an End-Of-Line Device...................................................................................... 17

2.13.2 Two-Wire with Both Polarized Normally Open Contact Initiating Devicesand Oppositely Polarized Notification Appliances.................................................... 17

2.13.3 Four-Wire Circuit Using Normally Open Contact Initiating Devices......................... 182.13.4 Four-Wire Circuit with Both Polarized Normally Open Contact Initiating Devices

and Oppositely Polarized Alarm Notification Appliances......................................... 19

2.14 Signaling Line Circuits.............................................................................................................192.15 Notification Appliance Circuits................................................................................................. 192.15.1 Parallel Circuits ........................................................................................................ 20

2.16 Power Supplies........................................................................................................................202.17 Supplementary Circuits ...........................................................................................................212.18 Types of Control Systems ....................................................................................................... 21

2.18.1 Protected Premises (Local) Fire Alarm System (Chapter 6, NFPA 72)...................212.18.2 Auxiliary Fire Alarm System (Chapter 9, NFPA 72) ................................................. 212.18.3 Remote Supervising Station Fire Alarm System (Chapter 8, NFPA 72)..................222.18.4 Proprietary Supervising Station Fire Alarm System (Chapter 8, NFPA 72).............242.18.5 Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications (Chapter 6, NFPA 72)........................... 242.18.6 Central Station Fire Alarm System (Chapter 8, NFPA 72)....................................... 242.18.7 Fire Safety Control Functions...................................................................................252.18.8 Combination Systems ..............................................................................................252.18.9 Interconnected Fire Alarm Control Units.................................................................. 25

Section 3 Modern Day Fire Alarm Systems3.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 263.2 Multiplexing..............................................................................................................................263.3 Circuit Interfaces (Transponders)............................................................................................ 273.4 Multiplexed Outputs.................................................................................................................283.5 Addressability .......................................................................................................................... 303.6 Intelligent (Smart) Circuit Interfaces........................................................................................ 30



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3.7 Programming........................................................................................................................... 303.8 Addressable Devices............................................................................................................... 313.9 Multiplexing Technology.......................................................................................................... 313.10 Active Multiplex........................................................................................................................323.11 Digital Signaling....................................................................................................................... 32

3.12 Analog Sensors .......................................................................................................................323.13 Intelligent Systems .................................................................................................................. 333.14 Displays ................................................................................................................................... 343.15 Digital Alarm Communicator Systems (DACS) ....................................................................... 34

Section 4 INITIATING DEVICES4.1 Manual and Automatic Alarm Initiating Devices...................................................................... 364.2 Manual Fire Alarm Boxes ........................................................................................................ 36

4.2.1 Non-coded Fire Alarm Boxes...................................................................................364.2.2 Coded Fire Alarm Boxes ..........................................................................................364.2.3 Presignal Fire Alarm Boxes......................................................................................364.2.4 General Alarm Fire Alarm Boxes ............................................................................. 364.2.5 Breakglass Fire Alarm Boxes...................................................................................364.2.6 Single Action Fire Alarm Boxes................................................................................ 374.2.7 Double Action Fire Alarm Boxes .............................................................................. 38

4.3 Automatic Alarm Initiating Devices..........................................................................................384.3.1 Classification of Automatic Fire Detectors ...............................................................384.3.2 Heat Sensing Fire Detectors....................................................................................394.3.3 Smoke Sensing Fire Detectors ................................................................................ 43

4.4 Switches on Automatic Fire Suppression Systems................................................................. 454.4.1 Waterflow Switch on Sprinkler Systems .................................................................. 454.4.2 Alarm Switches on Fire Suppression Systems ........................................................46

4.5 Installation Wiring .................................................................................................................... 46

Section 5 NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES5.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 515.2 Alarm Notification Appliances.................................................................................................. 51

5.3 Audible Alarm Notification Appliances..................................................................................... 515.3.1 Bells..........................................................................................................................515.3.2 Horns........................................................................................................................525.3.3 Chimes ..................................................................................................................... 525.3.4 Buzzers .................................................................................................................... 525.3.5 Sirens .......................................................................................................................525.3.6 Speakers .................................................................................................................. 525.3.7 Electronic Alarms .....................................................................................................53

5.4 Visible Alarm Notification Appliances...................................................................................... 535.4.1 Visible Annunciators.................................................................................................535.4.2 Lamp Annunciators .................................................................................................. 535.4.3 Drop-Type Annunciators .......................................................................................... 535.4.4 Strobe Lights ............................................................................................................54

5.4.5 Incandescent Lamp.................................................................................................. 545.4.6 Solid State Lamp...................................................................................................... 545.4.7 Quartz Halogen Lamp ..............................................................................................545.4.8 Fluorescent Lamp.....................................................................................................54

5.5 Combination Audible/Visible Notification Appliances.............................................................. 545.6 Permanent Recorders ............................................................................................................. 55

5.6.1 Punch Registers....................................................................................................... 555.6.2 Print Recorders ........................................................................................................ 555.6.3 Time Stamps ............................................................................................................55



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5.7 Installation Wiring .................................................................................................................... 55

Section 6 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS6.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 586.2 Location of System Components ............................................................................................58

6.2.1 General..................................................................................................................... 586.2.2 Control Units.............................................................................................................586.2.3 Alarm Initiating Devices............................................................................................ 586.2.4 Audible Alarm Notification Appliances ..................................................................... 596.2.5 Visible Alarm Notification Appliances.......................................................................596.2.6 Visible Alarm Signal Annunciators ........................................................................... 606.2.7 Permanent Recorders ..............................................................................................606.2.8 Trouble Signal Appliances ....................................................................................... 60

6.3 Power Supplies........................................................................................................................606.3.1 Number of Sources Required...................................................................................606.3.2 Primary (Main) Power Supplies................................................................................ 606.3.3 Secondary (Standby) Power Supplies ..................................................................... 606.3.4 Trouble Signal Power Supply................................................................................... 626.3.5 Batteries ................................................................................................................... 62

6.4 Requirements for Installation of Wiring and Equipment.......................................................... 626.5 Manufacturers Instructions .....................................................................................................626.6 Local Codes............................................................................................................................. 626.7 Types of Circuits...................................................................................................................... 636.8 Intermixing of Circuits..............................................................................................................636.9 Enclosed Versus Exposed Wiring ...........................................................................................636.10 Selecting Conductors and Cables...........................................................................................646.11 Cable Markings........................................................................................................................656.12 Identification of Circuits ........................................................................................................... 656.13 Monitoring for Integrity............................................................................................................. 656.14 Lightning Protection.................................................................................................................666.15 Outside Wiring......................................................................................................................... 66

Section 7 SYSTEM START-UP PROCEDURE7.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 677.2 Check of Installation Wiring..................................................................................................... 67

7.2.1 Preliminary ............................................................................................................... 677.2.2 Test for Extraneous Voltages................................................................................... 677.2.3 Test for Shorts and Opens ....................................................................................... 677.2.4 Test for Grounds ......................................................................................................707.2.5 Visual Inspection ......................................................................................................717.2.6 Check of Power Sources.......................................................................................... 71

7.3 Normal Operation (Normal Monitoring Condition)...................................................................717.4 Monitoring of Circuits for Integrity (Supervision) ..................................................................... 72

7.4.1 General..................................................................................................................... 727.4.2 Power Supply Circuits .............................................................................................. 72

7.4.3 Initiating Device and Notification Appliance Circuits................................................ 727.4.4 Overcurrent Protection Devices ............................................................................... 727.4.5 Municipal Circuits .....................................................................................................737.4.6 Supplementary Circuits ............................................................................................737.4.7 Annunciator Circuits ................................................................................................. 73

7.5 Alarm Operation ......................................................................................................................737.6 Authority Having Jurisdiction................................................................................................... 747.7 NFPA Tables for Test Methods and Visual Inspection and Test Frequencies ....................... 74



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Section 8 PROPER MAINTENANCE OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS8.1 Periodic Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 96

8.1.1 General..................................................................................................................... 968.1.2 System Performance and Integrity........................................................................... 96

8.2 Control Units............................................................................................................................ 968.2.1 Printed Circuit Board Assemblies of Modules.......................................................... 968.2.2 Relay Maintenance...................................................................................................968.2.3 Battery Charger Maintenance ..................................................................................978.2.4 Fuses........................................................................................................................ 978.2.5 Circuit Breakers........................................................................................................978.2.6 Condition of Control Unit Cabinets (Dust and Dirt Removal)................................... 97

8.3 Battery Maintenance................................................................................................................ 978.4 Non-Coded Manual Fire Alarm Boxes..................................................................................... 978.5 Coded Manual Fire Alarm Boxes ............................................................................................98

8.5.1 General..................................................................................................................... 988.5.2 Spring-Driven Fire Alarm Boxes............................................................................... 988.5.3 Motor-Driven Coded Fire Alarm Boxes .................................................................... 98

8.6 Automatic Transmitters............................................................................................................ 998.7 Automatic Heat Detectors ....................................................................................................... 99

8.7.1 Fixed-Temperature Heat Detectors.......................................................................... 998.7.2 Rate-of-Rise Heat Detectors....................................................................................998.7.3 Rate-Compensation Heat Detectors ........................................................................998.7.4 Explosion-Proof Heat Detectors............................................................................. 100

8.8 Smoke Detectors................................................................................................................... 1008.9 Sprinkler Waterflow Detectors...............................................................................................100

8.9.1 Pressure Operated................................................................................................. 1008.9.2 Vane Operated.......................................................................................................100

8.10 Gate-Valve Supervisory Contacts ......................................................................................... 1018.11 Open Stem and Yoke (OS & Y) Valve Supervisory Contacts ...............................................1018.12 Pressure Switches.................................................................................................................1018.13 Tank Switches for High and Low Alarm Service on Gravity Tanks....................................... 101

8.14 Differential Pressure Switches .............................................................................................. 1018.15 Inspectors Test Valves ......................................................................................................... 1018.16 Alarm Horns...........................................................................................................................1018.17 Alarm Bells............................................................................................................................. 1028.18 Trouble Bells and Buzzers ....................................................................................................1028.19 Fire Drill Switches on Systems.............................................................................................. 102

FIGURESFigure 2-1 Class B Initiating Device Circuit Using Normally Open Initiating Contacts .............................17Figure 2-2 Class B Circuit with Both Polarized Initiating Devices and Notification

Appliances on Same Circuit ....................................................................................................18Figure 2-3 Class A or B 4-Wire Initiating Device Circuit Using Normally Open Contacts ........................ 18

Figure 2-4 Class A or B 4-Wire Circuit with Both Polarized Initiating Devicesand Notification Appliances on Same Circuit ..........................................................................19

Figure 2-5 Parallel Notification Appliance Circuit Using Polarized Notification Appliances .....................20Figure 2-6 Parallel Notification Appliance Circuit Using Speakers........................................................... 20Figure 2-7 Local Energy Type Auxiliary Alarm System ............................................................................ 22Figure 2-8 Shunt Type Auxiliary Alarm System........................................................................................ 22Figure 2-9A Remote Supervising Station Fire Alarm System Schematic Diagram ....................................23Figure 2-9B Remote Supervising Station Fire Alarm System Riser Diagram.............................................23Figure 3-1 Basic Multiplex System Block Diagram Showing Initiating Device Circuits




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Connected to Circuit Interfaces and to a Signaling Line Circuit.............................................. 27Figure 3-2 Basic Multiplex System Showing Notification Appliance Circuits

Also Connected to Circuit Interfaces....................................................................................... 29Figure 3-3 Active Multiplex System Using T-Tapped Connections .......................................................... 29Figure 3-4 Multiplex System Where Nonaddressable Initiating Devices are Connected

to an Addressable Initiating Device Which Includes Circuit Interface.....................................34Figure 4-1 Breakglass Fire Alarm Box ......................................................................................................37Figure 4-2 Single Action Fire Alarm Box................................................................................................... 37Figure 4-3 Double Action Fire Alarm Box ................................................................................................. 38Figure 4-4 Fixed Temperature Detector ...................................................................................................39Figure 4-5 Electrical Conductivity Sensing Element .................................................................................40Figure 4-6 Heat Sensitive Cable ...............................................................................................................41Figure 4-7 Schematic of Rate-Compensation Detector............................................................................ 41Figure 4-8 Pneumatic Rate-of-Rise Tubing.............................................................................................. 42Figure 4-9 Combination Spot-Type Rate-of-Rise and Fixed Temperature Detector................................43Figure 4-10 Current Flow-Through Ionization Detector Sensing Chamber................................................ 44Figure 4-11 Projected Beam Smoke Detector............................................................................................44Figure 4-12 Photoelectric Light Scattering Detector................................................................................... 45Figure 4-13 Water Flow Switch on Sprinkler System .................................................................................46Figure 4-14 Initiating Devices, Correctly Wired ..........................................................................................47Figure 4-15 Initiating Devices, Incorrectly Wired ........................................................................................ 48Figure 4-16 Pigtail Connections, Incorrect Wiring Method .........................................................................48Figure 4-17 Pigtail Connections, Correct Wiring Method ........................................................................... 48Figure 4-18 Incorrect Wiring Method for Multiriser Initiating Device Circuit ...............................................49Figure 4-19 Correct Wiring Method for Multiriser Initiating Device Circuit..................................................48Figure 5-1 Incorrect Installation Wiring Method for a Notification Appliance Circuit ................................ 56Figure 5-2 Correct Installation Wiring Method for a Notification Appliance Circuit...................................56Figure 5-3 Single Notification Appliance Circuit with Two Risers.............................................................56Figure 7-1 Remote End of Line Device on 2-Wire Class B Initiating Device Circuit ................................ 68Figure 7-2 End of Line Device on Control Unit on 4-Wire Class B Initiating Device Circuit ..................... 68Figure 7-3 Polarized Diode Type Notification Appliances Connected in Parallel..................................... 69Figure 7-4 Speaker-Type Notification Appliances Connected in Parallel................................................. 69

Figure 7-5 Annunciator Circuit .................................................................................................................. 70

TABLESTable 6-1 Operating Periods Required by NFPA Standards................................................................... 61Table 7-1 Resistance of Conductors ....................................................................................................... 70Table 7-2 NFPA 72, Table 10.4.2.2 Test Methods..................................................................................75Table 7-3 NFPA 72, Visual Inspection Frequencies................................................................................ 91Table 7-4 NFPA 72, Testing Frequencies ............................................................................................... 93



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Foreword

The purpose of this training manual is to provide text material suitable for training persons in the properphysical installation of fire alarm signaling systems. To that end, the manual covers terminology, basictheory of operation, installation details, system startup techniques, and general maintenance.

While the manual may serve as a stand alone text, it is best used as a source material for eitherapprentices or journeymen in a classroom environment using a qualified instructor.

The manual emphasizes installation of basic fire alarm signaling systems instead of how or when to applythe myriad choices of systems or equipment available. Though the manual focuses on installation, thereader is cautioned to follow the specific installation instructions provided by the manufacturer of systemsor equipment being installed.

This information is a technical guide, distinct from mandatory requirements for compliance. It will beupdated to keep current with requirements of referenced and/or quoted publications of otherorganizations. Comments, questions, or recommendations are invited and should be addressed to:

SecretarySignaling, Protection, and Communications SectionNational Electrical Manufacturers Association1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847Rosslyn, Virginia 22209Phone: (703) 841-3200Fax: (703) 841-5900

Copies of the Manual can be obtained from:

Global Engineering Documents15 Inverness Way, EastEnglewood, Colorado 80112-5776

www.global.ihs.com



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Section 1

GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

This manual, developed by the Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Industry of the Signaling, Protection, andCommunications Section, provides technical information on basic fire alarm systems in common usage.

This edition of the manual updates the 1997 edition, which superseded the 1994 Edition Training Manual onFire Alarm Systems,which had superseded NEMA SB4-1985.

1.2 REFERENCED STANDARDS

The following ANSI/NEMA Standards Publication may be obtained from the National ElectricalManufacturers Association through Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood,CO 80112-5776.

ANSI/NEMA SB 3 1998 Interconnection Circuitry of Non-coded Remote-Station Protection SignalingSystems

The following NFPA Standards may be obtained from the National Fire Protection Association, 1Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269:

NFPA 13 Installation of Sprinkler SystemsNFPA 70 National Electrical CodeNFPA 72 National Fire Alarm CodeNFPA 1221 Standard on the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Public Fire Service

Communications Systems

NOTES1 In 1990, NFPA combined NFPA 72A, B, C, D, and F into one standard entitled NFPA 72-1990.

2 In 1993, NFPA combined NFPA 71, the 1990 edition of NFPA 72 and NFPA 72 E, G, and H, NFPA 74, and portions of NFPA 1221into one code entitled NFPA 72, The National Fire Alarm Code.

3 NFPA 72-2002 is reference in this 2003 Edition Training Manual.

4 Since NFPA standards and codes are periodically revised, the year of the desired edition of the particular standard or code shouldbe used when referencing the NFPA document involved. Two methods are in common use. One is to reference the code by statingNFPA 72-2002. The other is to refer to the 2002 edition of NFPA 72. If a particular question comes up regarding a standard or code,be sure to correctly identify which edition of the code may be at issue. All states or municipalities that have adopted NFPA codes orstandards by reference do not always refer to the latest edition available.

1.3 GENERAL DEFINITIONS

acknowledge:To confirm that a message or signal has been received, such as by the pressing of a button orthe selection of a software command.

active multiplex system: A multiplexing system in which signaling devices such as transponders areemployed to transmit status signals of each initiating device or initiating device circuit within a prescribed timeinterval so that the lack of receipt of such signal may be interpreted as a trouble signal.



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addressable device: A fire alarm system component with discrete identification that can have its statusindividually identified or that is used to individually control other functions.

adverse condition:Any condition occurring in a communications or transmission channel that interferes withthe proper transmission or interpretation, or both, of status change signals at the supervising station.

air sampling-type detector: A detector that consists of a piping or tubing distribution network from thedetector to the area(s) to be protected. An aspiration fan in the detector housing draws air from the protectedarea back to the detector through air sampling ports, piping, or tubing. At the detector, the air is analyzed forfire products.

alarm:A warning of fire danger.

alarm system: A combination of compatible initiating devices, control units, and indicating appliancesdesigned and installed to produce an alarm signal in the event of fire.

alarm service:The service required following the receipt of an alarm signal.

alarm signal:A signal indicating an emergency requiring immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.

alarm verification feature:A feature of automatic fire detection and alarm systems to reduce unwantedalarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions for a minimum period of time, or confirm alarmconditions within a given time period after being reset, in order to be accepted as a valid alarm initiation signal.

alert tone:An attention-getting signal to alert occupants of the pending transmission of a voice message.

analog initiating device (sensor):An initiating device that transmits a signal indicating varying degrees ofcondition as contrasted with a conventional initiating device, which can only indicate an on/off condition.

annunciator: A unit containing one or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric displays, or other equivalentmeans in which each indication provides status information about a circuit, condition, or location.

approved:Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

audible signal:An audible signal is the sound made by one or more audible notification appliances such asbells, horns, or speakers in response to the operation of an initiating device.

authority having jurisdiction: The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment,materials, an installation, or a procedure.

NFPA 72 contains an annex item commenting on the definition for "Authority Having Jurisdiction" asfollows:

A-3.2.2Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).The phrase "authority having jurisdiction" is used inNFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their

responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal,state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fireprevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; orothers having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, ratingbureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In manycircumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authorityhaving jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official maybe the authority having jurisdiction.



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automatic extinguishing system supervisory device:A device that responds to abnormal conditions thatcould affect the proper operation of an automatic sprinkler system or other fire extinguishing system(s) orsuppression system(s) including, but not limited to, control valves; pressure levels; liquid agent levels andtemperatures; pump power and running; engine temperature and overspend; and room temperature.

automatic fire extinguishing or suppression system operation detector: A device that automaticallydetects the operation of a fire extinguishing or suppression system by means appropriate to the systememployed.

automatic fire alarm system:A system in which all or some of the initiating device circuits are activated byautomatic devices, such as fire detectors.

automatic fire detector:A device designed to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.For the purpose of this code, automatic fire detectors are classified as follows.

fire-gas detector:A device that detects gases produced by a fire.

heat detector:A fire detector that senses heat produced by burning substances. Heat is the energy

produced by combustion that causes substances to rise in temperature.

other fire detectors: Devices that detect a phenomenon other than heat, smoke, flame, or gasesproduced by a fire.

radiant energy-sensing fire detector:A device that detects radiant energy (such as ultraviolet, visible,or infrared) that is emitted as a product of combustion reaction and obeys the laws of optics.

smoke detector:A device that detects visible or invisible particles of combustion.

auxiliary box:A fire alarm box that can be operated from one or more remote actuating devices.

auxiliary fire alarm system:A system connected to a municipal fire alarm system for transmitting an alarm offire to the public fire service communication center. Fire alarms from an auxiliary fire alarm system arereceived at the public fire service communication center on the same equipment and by the same methods asalarms transmitted manually from municipal fire alarm boxes located on streets.

local energy type: An auxiliary system that employs a locally complete arrangement of parts,initiating devices, relays, power supply, and associated components to automatically trip a municipaltransmitter or master box over electrical circuits that are electrically isolated from the municipalsystem circuits.

parallel telephone type:An auxiliary system connected by a municipally controlled individual circuitto the protected property to interconnect the initiating devices at the protected premises and themunicipal fire alarm switchboard.

shunt auxiliary type:An auxiliary system electrically connected to an integral part of the municipal

alarm system extending the municipal circuit into the protected premises to interconnect the initiatingdevices, which, when operated, open the municipal circuit shunted around the trip coil of themunicipal transmitter or master box, which is thereupon energized to start transmission without anyassistance whatsoever from a local source of power.

average ambient sound level:The root mean square, A-weighted sound pressure level measured overperiod of time that any person is present, or a 24-hour period, whichever time period is the lesser.

bell:A single stroke or vibrating type audible notification appliance which has a bell tone.




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box, fire alarm:A manually operated device used to initiate an alarm signal.

a. non-coded:A manually operated device which, when operated, closes or opens one or moresets of contacts and generally locks the contacts in the operated position until the box is reset.

b. coded:A manually operated device in which the act of pulling a lever causes the transmission ofnot less than three rounds of coded alarm signals. Similar to the non-coded type, except thatinstead of a manually operated switch, a mechanism to rotate a code wheel is utilized. Rotationof the code wheel, in turn, causes an electrical circuit to be alternately opened and closed, orclosed and opened, thus transmitting a coded alarm signal which identifies the location of thebox. The code wheel is cut for the individual code to be transmitted by the device and canoperate by clockwork or an electric motor. Clockwork transmitters can be pre-wound or can bewound by the pulling of the alarm lever. Usually the box is designed to repeat its code four timesand automatically come to rest. Pre-wound transmitters must sound a trouble signal when theyrequire rewinding. Solid state, electronic coding devices are also used in conjunction with the firealarm control unit to produce coded sounding of the system's audible notification appliances.

breakglass fire alarm box:A fire alarm box in which it is necessary to break a special element in order to

operate the box.

carrier:High frequency energy that can be modulated by voice or signaling impulses.

carrier system:A means of conveying a number of channels over a single path by modulating each channelon a different carrier frequency and demodulating at the receiving point to restore the signals to their originalform.

ceiling:The upper surface of a space, regardless of height. Areas with a suspended ceiling have two ceilings,one visible from the floor and one above the suspended ceiling.

ceiling height:The height from the continuous floor of a room to the continuous ceiling of a room or space.

ceiling surfaces:Ceiling surfaces referred to in conjunction with the locations of initiating devices are definedas follows:

beam construction:Ceilings that have solid structural or solid nonstructural members projectingdown from the ceiling surface more than 100 mm (4 in.) and spaced more than 0.9 m (3 ft), center tocenter.

girder:A support for beams or joists that runs at right angles to the beams or joists. If the top of thegirder is within 100 mm (4 in.) of the ceiling, the girder is a factor in determining the number ofdetectors and is to be considered a beam. If the top of the girder is more than 100 mm (4 in.) from theceiling, the girder is not a factor in detector location.

central processing unit (CPU): An arrangement of circuitry using computer circuit techniques usually

consisting of memory elements, signal processing circuitry, and a means to input and output data at very highspeed.

central station:A supervising station that is listed by central station service.

central station fire alarm system:A system or group of systems in which the operations of circuits anddevices are transmitted automatically to, recorded in, maintained by, and supervised from a listed centralstation having competent and experienced servers and operators who, upon receipt of a signal, take suchaction as required by this code. Such service is to be controlled and operated by a person, firm, or corporationwhose business is the furnishing, maintaining, or monitoring of supervised fire alarm systems.



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central station service:The use of a system or a group of systems in which the operations of circuits anddevices at a protected property are signaled to, recorded in, and supervised from a listed central station thathas competent and experienced operators who, upon receipt of a signal, take such action as required by aCode. Related activities at the protected property, such as equipment installation, inspection, testing,

maintenance, and runner service are the responsibility of the central station or a listed fire alarm service localcompany. Central station service is controlled and operated by a person, firm, or corporation whose businessis the furnishing of such contracted services or whose properties are the protected premises.

certification: A systematic program that uses randomly selected follow-up inspections of the certificatedsystems installed under the program that allows the listing organization to verify that a fire alarm systemcomplies with all the requirements of a Code. A system installed under such a program is identified by theissuance of a certificate and is designated as a certificated system.

chime:A single-stroke or vibrating type audible notification appliance which has a xylophone-type striking barand/or tone.

circuit interface:A circuit component that interfaces initiating devices or control circuits, or both; notification

appliances or circuits, or both; system control outputs; and other signaling line circuits to a signaling linecircuit.

class A circuit:Class A refers to an arrangement of monitored initiating device, signaling line, or notificationappliance circuits that prevents a single open or ground on the installation wiring of these circuits from causingloss of the system's intended function.

class B circuit:Class B refers to an arrangement of monitored initiating device, signaling line, or notificationappliance circuits, which would permit a single open or ground on the installation wiring of these circuits tocause loss of the system's intended function.

coded:An audible or visible signal that conveys several discrete bits or units of information. Notification signalexamples are numbered strokes of an impact-type appliance and numbered flashes of a visible appliance.

combination detector:A device that either responds to more than one of the fire phenomenon or employsmore than one operating principle to sense one of these phenomenon. Typical examples are a combination ofa heat detector with a smoke detector or a combination rate of rise and fixed temperature heat detector.

combination fire alarm and guard's tour box:A manually operated box for separately transmitting a firealarm signal and a distinctive guard patrol tour supervisory signal.

combination system:A fire alarm system whose components might be used, in whole or in part, in commonwith a non-fire signaling system, such as a paging system, a security system, a building automation system,or a process monitoring system.

communications channel:A circuit or path connecting a subsidiary station(s) to a supervising station(s) overwhich signals are carried.

compatibility listed: A specific listing process that applies only to two-wire devices, such as smokedetectors, that are designed to operate with certain control equipment.

compatible (equipment):Equipment that interfaces mechanically or electrically together as manufacturedwithout field modification.



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contiguous property: A single-owner or single-user protected premise on a continuous plot of ground,including any buildings thereon, that is not separated by a public thoroughfare, transportation right-of-way,property owned or used by others, or body of water not under the same ownership.

control unit:A system component that monitors inputs and controls outputs through various types of circuits.

detector:A device suitable for connection to a circuit that has a sensor that responds to a physical stimulussuch as heat or smoke.

digital alarm communicator receiver (DACR):A system component that accepts and displays signals fromdigital alarm communicator transmitters (DACTs) sent over the public switched telephone network.

digital alarm communicator system (DACS):A system in which signals are transmitted from a digital alarmcommunicator transmitter (DACT) located at the protected premises through the switched telephone networkto a digital alarm communicator receiver (DACR).

digital alarm communicator transmitter (DACT):A system component at the protected premises to whichinitiating devices or groups of devices are connected. The DACT seizes the connected telephone line, dials a

preselected number to connect to a DACR, and transmits signals indicating a status change of the initiatingdevice.

digital alarm radio receiver (DARR): A system component composed of two subcomponents: one thatreceives and decodes radio signals, the other that annunciates the decoded data. These two subcomponentscan be co-resident at the central station or separated by means of a data transmission channel.

digital alarm radio system (DARS): A system in which signals are transmitted from a digital alarm radiotransmitter (DART) located at a protected premises through a radio channel to a digital alarm radio receiver(DARR).

digital alarm radio transmitter (DART):A system component that is connected to or an integral part of adigital alarm communicator transmitter (DACT) that is used to provide an alternate radio transmissionchannel.

display:The visual representation of output data, other than printed copy.

dual control:The use of two primary trunk facilities over separate routes or different methods to control onecommunications channel.

emergency voice/alarm communications: Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for originating anddistributing voice instructions, as well as alert and evacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to theoccupants of a building.

evacuation:The withdrawal of occupants from a building.

NOTEEvacuation does not include relocation of occupants within a building.

evacuation signal: Distinctive signal intended to be recognized by the occupants as requiring evacuation ofthe building.

False Alarm:A warning of fire danger when no danger is present.

fire alarm box:A manually operated device used to initiate an alarm signal (see box, fire alarm for addeddetail).



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fire alarm control unit (panel):A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual firealarm devices and may supply power to detection devices and transponder(s) or off-premises transmitter(s).The control unit may also provide transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfer of condition torelays or devices connected to the control unit. The fire alarm control unit can be a local fire alarm control unitor master control unit.

fire alarm/evacuation signal tone generator:A device that produces a fire alarm/evacuation tone uponcommand.

fire alarm signal:A signal initiated by a fire alarm initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, automaticfire detector, waterflow switch, or other device whose activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or firesignature.

fire alarm system:A system or portion of a combination system that consists of components and circuitsarranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and toinitiate the appropriate response to those signals.

fire command center:The principal attended or unattended location where the status of the detection, alarm

communications, and control systems is displayed and from which the system(s) can be manually controlled.

fire safety functions:Building and fire control functions that are intended to increase the level of life safetyfor occupants or to control the spread of harmful effects of fire.

fire safety function control device:The fire alarm system component that directly interfaces with the controlsystem that controls the fire safety function.

fire warden: A building staff member or a tenant trained to perform assigned duties in the event of a fireemergency.

fixed temperature detector: A device that responds when its operating element becomes heated to apredetermined level.

guard signal:A supervisory signal monitoring the performance of guard patrols.

guard's tour reporting station:A device that is manually or automatically initiated to indicate the route beingfollowed and the timing of a guard's tour.

initiating device:A system component that originates transmission of a changeofstate condition, such asa smoke detector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory switch.

initiating device circuit:A circuit to which automatic or manual initiating devices are connected where thesignal received does not identify the individual device operated.

ionization smoke detection: The principle of using a small amount of radioactive material to ionize the airbetween two differentially charged electrodes to sense the presence of smoke particles. Smoke particlesentering the ionization volume decrease the conductance of the air by reducing ion mobility. The reducedconductance signal is processed and used to convey an alarm condition when it meets preset criteria.

NFPA 72 contains an annex item commenting on the definition for "Ionization Smoke Detection" asfollows:

A.3.3.180.2 Ionization Smoke Detection. Ionization smoke detection is more responsive to invisibleparticles (smaller than 1 micron in size) produced by most flaming fires. It is somewhat less responsive



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to the larger particles typical of most smoldering fires. Smoke detectors utilizing the ionization principleare usually of the spot type.

labeled:Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of anorganization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that

maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials and by whose labeling themanufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

leg facility:The portion of a communications channel that connects not more than one protected premises toa primary or secondary trunk facility. The leg facility includes the portion of the signal transmission circuit fromits point of connection with a trunk facility to the point where it is terminated within the protected premises atone or more transponders.

loading capacity:The maximum number of discrete elements of fire alarm systems permitted to be used in aparticular configuration.

line-type detector:A device in which detection is continuous along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-risepneumatic tubing detectors, projected beam smoke detectors, and heat-sensitive cable.

Line Fault Isolators:A device designed to disconnect itself along with its associated wiring whenever ashort-circuit occurs on its supporting circuit. Depending on the wiring scheme employed, a greater level ofsystem operability can be maintained using line fault isolators should a short-circuit condition develop.

listed: Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to theauthority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodicinspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and whose listingstates either that the equipment, material, or service meets identified standards or has been tested and foundsuitable for a specified purpose.

NFPA 72 contains an annex item commenting on the definition as follows:

A.3.2.5Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concernedwith product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled.The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization toidentify a listed product.

loss of power:The reduction of available voltage at the load below the point at which equipment can functionas designed.

low power radio transmitter:Any device that communicates with associated control/receiving equipment bylow power radio signals.

maintenance:(1) Repair service, including periodic inspections and tests, required to keep the fire alarmsystem and its component parts in an operative condition at all times, together with replacement of the systemor its components when they become undependable or inoperable for any reason. (2) Work, including, but not

limited to, repair, replacement, and service, performed to ensure that equipment operates properly.

manual fire alarm box:A manually operated device used to initiate an alarm signal.

master box:A municipal fire alarm box that can also be operated by remote means.

master control unit (panel):A control unit that serves the protected premises or portion of the protectedpremises as a local control unit and accepts inputs from other fire alarm control units.




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multiplexing:A signaling method characterized by simultaneous or sequential transmission, or both, andreception of multiple signals on a signaling line circuit, a transmission channel, or a communications channel,including means for positively identifying each signal.

municipal fire alarm box (street box):An enclosure housing a manually operated transmitter used to send

an alarm to the public fire service communications center.

municipal fire alarm system:A system of alarm initiating devices, receiving equipment, and connectingcircuits (other than a public telephone network) used to transmit alarms from street locations to the public fireservice communications center.

non-coded:An audible or visible signal conveying one discrete bit of information.

noncontiguous property:An owner- or user-protected premises where two or more protected premises,controlled by the same owner or user, are separated by a public thoroughfare, body of water, transportationright-of-way, or property owned or used by others.

nonrestorable initiating device: A device whose sensing element is designed to be destroyed in the

process of operation.

notification appliance:A fire alarm system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light, or text displaythat provides audible, tactile, or visible outputs, or any combination thereof.

audible notification appliance:A notification appliance that alerts by the sense of hearing.

textual audible notification appliance:A notification appliance that conveys a stream of audibleinformation. An example of a textual audible appliance is a speaker that reproduces a voicemessage.

olfactory notification appliance:A notification appliance that alerts by the sense of smell.

tactile notification appliance:A notification appliance that alerts by the sense of touch or vibration.

visible notification appliance:A notification appliance that alerts by the sense of sight.

textual visible notification appliance: A notification appliance that conveys a stream of visibleinformation alphanumeric or pictorial message. Textual visible notification appliances providetemporary text, permanent text, or symbols. Textual visible notification appliances include, but are notlimited to, annunciators, monitors, CRTs, displays, printers.

notification appliance circuit:A circuit or path directly connected to a notification appliance(s).

notification zone:An area covered by notification appliances that are activated simultaneously.

nuisance alarm:Any alarm caused by mechanical failure, malfunction, improper installation, or lack of propermaintenance, or any alarm activated by a cause that cannot be determined.

path (pathways):Any conductor, optic fiber, radio carrier, or other means for transmitting fire alarm systeminformation between two or more locations.

plant:One or more buildings under the same ownership or control on a single property.

positive alarm sequence: An automatic sequence that results in an alarm signal, even when manuallydelayed for investigation, unless the system is reset.



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power supply:A source of electrical operating power, including the circuits and terminations connecting it tothe dependent system components.

proprietary supervising station:A location to which alarm or supervisory signaling devices on proprietary

fire alarm systems are connected and where personnel are in attendance at all times to supervise operationand investigate signals.

proprietary supervising station fire alarm system: An installation of fire alarm systems that servecontiguous and noncontiguous properties under one ownership from a proprietary supervising station locatedat the protected property, at which trained, competent personnel are in constant attendance. This includes theproprietary supervising station; power supplies; signal initiating devices; initiating device circuits; signalnotification appliances; equipment for the automatic, permanent visual recording of signals; and equipment forinitiating the operation of emergency building control services.

protected premises:The physical location protected by a fire alarm system.

protected premises (local) fire alarm system:A protected premises system that sounds an alarm at the

protected premises as the result of the manual operation of a fire alarm box or the operation of protectionequipment or systems, such as water flowing in a sprinkler system, the discharge of carbon dioxide, thedetection of smoke, or the detection of heat. (Definition adopted by NFPA for NFPA 72-2002 in lieu ofreferences to local systems).

radio alarm repeater station receiver (RARSR): A system component that receives radio signals andresides at a repeater station that is located at a remote receiving location.

radio alarm supervising station receiver (RASSR): A system component that receives data andannunciates that data at the supervising station.

radio alarm system (RAS):A system in which signals are transmitted from a radio alarm transmitter (RAT)located at a protected premises through a radio channel to two or more radio alarm repeater station receivers(RARSR) and are annunciated by a radio alarm supervising station receiver (RASSR) located at thesupervising station.

radio alarm transmitter (RAT):A system component at the protected premises to which initiating devices orgroups of devices are connected transmits signals indicating a status change of the initiating devices.

radio channel:A band of frequencies of a width sufficient to permit its use for radio communications. SeeNFPA 72-2002, 3.3.30, Channel.

NOTEThe width of the channel depends on the type of transmissions and the tolerance for the frequency of emission. Channels normallyare allocated for radio transmission in a specified type for service by a specified transmitter.

record drawings: Drawings (as-built) that document the location of all devices, appliances, wiringsequences, wiring methods, and connections of the components of the fire alarm system as installed.

record of completion:A document that acknowledges the features of installation, operation (performance),service, and equipment with representation by the property owner, system installer, system supplier, serviceorganization, and the authority having jurisdiction.

relocation:The movement of occupants from a fire zone to a safe area within the same building.

remote supervising station fire alarm system:A system installed in accordance with a Code to transmitalarm, supervisory, and trouble signals from one or more protected premises to a remote location at whichappropriate action is taken.



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reset:A control function that attempts to return a system or device to its normal, non-alarm state.

secondary trunk facility:That part of a transmission channel connecting two or more, but fewer than all, legfacilities to a primary trunk facility.

shall:Indicates a mandatory requirement.

should:Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.

signal:A status indication communicated by electrical or other means.

signaling line circuit: A circuit or path between any combination of circuit interfaces, control units, ortransmitters over which multiple system input signals or output signals, or both, are carried.

signaling line circuit interface: A system component that connects a signaling line circuit to anycombination of initiating devices, initiating device circuits, notification appliances, notification appliance circuits,system control outputs, and other signaling line circuits.

site-specific software:Software that defines the specific operation and configuration of a particular system.Typically, it defines the type and quantity of hardware modules, customized labels, and specific operatingfeatures of a system.

spacing:A horizontally measured dimension relating to the allowable coverage of fire detectors.

spot-type detector: A device whose detecting element is concentrated at a particular location. Typicalexamples are bimetallic detectors, fusible alloy detectors, certain pneumatic rate-of-rise detectors, certainsmoke detectors, and thermoelectric detectors.

standard audible emergency evacuation signal: A distinctive three pulse temporal pattern emergencyevacuation signal required by NFPA 72 for all new systems installed after July 1, 1996. For a detaileddescription of this signal see American National Standards (ANSI) S3.41, Audible Emergency EvacuationSignal.

subsidiary station:A subsidiary station is a normally unattended location that is remote from the supervisingstation and is linked by a communications channel(s) to the supervising station. Interconnection of signals onone or more transmission channels from protected premises with a communications channel(s) to thesupervising station is performed at this location.

supervising station:A facility that receives signals and at which personnel are in attendance at all times torespond to these signals.

supervisory signal:A signal indicating the need of action in connection with the supervision of guard's tours,the fire suppression systems or equipment, or the maintenance features of related systems.

supervisory signal-initiating device: An initiating device such as a valve supervisory switch, water levelindicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprinkler system whose change of state signals an off-normal condition and its restoration to normal of a fire protection or life safety system; or a need for action inconnection with guard tours, fire suppression systems or equipment, or maintenance features of relatedsystems.

supplementary:As used in a Code, supplementary refers to equipment or operations not required by a Codeand designated as such by the authority having jurisdiction.



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temporal signal:A distinctive signal intended to be recognized by its pattern of 4 rounds of 3 in a timedsequence of events. A timed sequence of events in a three-pulse pattern.

trouble signal:A signal initiated by the fire alarm systemor device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuitor component.

two-way fire department communications system:An electrically monitored telephone system providingprivate voice communications capability between the command center or central control unit and designatedremote locations. Phones or phone jacks can be installed at the remote locations.

visible signal:A visible signal is the response to the operation of an initiating device by one or more direct orindirect visible notification appliances. For a direct visible signal, the sole means of notification is by directviewing of the light source. For an indirect visible signal, the sole means of notification is by reflected lightwithin the room.

waterflow switch:An assembly approved for the service and so constructed and installed that any flow ofwater from a sprinkler system equal to or greater than that from a single automatic sprinkler head will result inactivation of this switch and subsequently indicate an alarm condition.

wireless initiating device: Any initiating device that communicates with an associated control/receivingequipment by some kind of wireless transmission path.

wireless protection system:A system or a part of a system that can transmit and receive signals without theaid of wire. It may consist of a wireless control panel, wireless initiating devices, notification appliances,wireless repeater (s), etc.

wireless control panel:A component that transmits/receives and processes wireless signals.

wireless repeater:A component used to relay signals between wireless receivers or wireless control panels,or both.

zone:A defined area within the protected premises. A zone can define an area from which a signal can bereceived, an area to which a signal can be sent, or an area in which a form of control can be executed.




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Section 2

BASIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

2.1 GENERAL

Most fire alarm systems consist of the following basic parts:a. Control unitb. Initiating device circuitsc. Notification appliance circuitsd. Power supplye. Building fire safety control circuits (optional)

The applications of fire alarm systems can be broken down into four broad categories:

1. Household fire alarm systems2. Protected premises (local) fire alarm systems

3. Supervising station fire alarm systemsa. Central station fire alarm systemsb. Remote supervising station fire alarm systemsc. Proprietary supervising station fire alarm systems

4. Pubic fire reporting systemsa. Auxiliary fire alarm systems local energy typeb. Auxiliary fire alarm systems shunt type

Each of these categories is defined in Section 1 of this manual.

Starting with the 1993 edition of NFPA 72, the classification of "local fire alarm systems" was changed to"protected premises fire alarm systems." The definition for "protected premises" systems makes it evident thatthe system's application has not changed from what it was when it was called a "local" system and is confined

to the premises being protected. In NFPA 72 2002 edition, the requirements for protected premises (local) firealarm systems are in Chapter 6. Chapter 5 applies to Initiating Devices, and Chapter 7 to Notification

Appliances connected to the Protected Premises Fire Alarm System.

In addition to protected premises fire alarm system requirements, Chapter 8 also includes the requirementsfor the installation of that portion of the supervising stations covered in NFPA 72 Chapter 8 located on theProtected Premises.

Though NFPA specified the installation requirements for the four categories of systems, the requirements ofthe authorities having jurisdiction must also be met. In addition, care should be taken to install equipment inaccordance with manufacturer's instruction.

2.2 CONTROL UNIT

The control unit is the brain of the system. It provides power to the system and electrically monitors its circuits.The control unit contains the logic circuits to receive signals from alarm initiating devices and transmit them toalarm notification appliances, building fire safety controls, and supplementary equipment. Depending onsystem design, the fire alarm signaling function may provide for one or more of the following:

a. Notify all building occupants simultaneouslyb. Notify occupants in certain portions of the building who are in immediate dangerc. Notify key building personneld. Notify the fire department



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e. Activate building fire safety control and supplementary functions during fire emergencies

NOTEThe following descriptions describe the traditional audible signals that were sounded by systems before NFPA 72 required thestandard audible emergency evacuation signal be used whenever the intent of the audible alarm signal was to notify the occupants of thebuilding of the need to evacuate (leave the building).

When the standard audible emergency evacuation is used, generally, non-coded, master coded, and marchtime coded systems are now required to use the standard emergency evacuation signal. Coded, selectivecoded, and zone coded systems, if also required to notify occupants of the need to vacate the premises,should have their coded location signals followed by the standard audible emergency evacuation signals.

2.3 NON-CODED SYSTEM

A non-coded system is one in which a continuous fire alarm signal is transmitted for a predetermined period oftime after which the alarm notification appliances may be manually or automatically restored to normal.

NOTERestoring the system to normal, following a fire alarm, may involve the resetting of detection devices and the control unit, and isimplied in all of the following descriptions.

2.4 ZONED NON-CODED SYSTEM

A zoned non-coded system provides for the continuous transmission of the fire alarm signal as in a non-coded system, but also incorporates an annunciator or display to indicate the exact area, or zone, of thebuilding from which the alarm originated.

Before continuing with the description of a variety of coded system types, it should be recognized that codedsystems use a coding device, which may be electromechanical or electronic in nature, to produce apredetermined, patterned, and distinctive fire alarm signal. The coding mechanism may be integral to thecontrol unit, or it may be employed in a coded manual fire alarm box, or it may be used in a coded transmitterdevice to which are connected non-coded manual and automatic fire detection devices.

2.5 CODED SYSTEM

A coded system is one in which not less than three rounds of coded fire alarm signals are transmitted afterwhich the fire alarm system may be manually or automatically restored to normal. (Also see "selective codedsystem").

2.6 MASTER CODED SYSTEM

A master coded system is one in which the coding mechanism provides for the transmission of the samecommon-coded fire alarm signal in response to the initiation of an alarm from any location in the building.Common code (e.g. 4-4) should be selected to produce a distinctive pulsing of the system's alarm notificationappliances so that building occupants know unmistakably that a fire condition exists.

2.7 MARCH TIME CODED SYSTEM

A march time coded system is actually a non-coded system that operates much like the master coded systemexcept that the coding mechanism is arranged to produce a fire alarm signal at a march time rate ofapproximately 120 pulses per minute.

2.8 S

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