Tracking of Moving Fiducial Markers during Radiotherapy using a CMOS APS
Trail Markers: Tracking Course Direction through Surveillance
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Transcript of Trail Markers: Tracking Course Direction through Surveillance
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Trail Markers:Tracking Course Direction
through Surveillance
Trail Markers:Tracking Course Direction
through Surveillance
Deb GaluskaOn behalf on the DNPAO surveillance working group
Disclaimer: The conclusions of this presentation represent those of the
speaker and not necessarily those of CDC
Deb GaluskaOn behalf on the DNPAO surveillance working group
Disclaimer: The conclusions of this presentation represent those of the
speaker and not necessarily those of CDC
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Definition of surveillanceDefinition of surveillance
“The ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data for use in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice”
(Thacker 1988)
“The ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data for use in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice”
(Thacker 1988)
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The Program Map
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Change environment
Change behavior
Change health condition
Change individual knowledge, skills,
and attitudes
Change policy
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Key trail markers for the DNPAO programKey trail markers for the DNPAO program
Key marker What are measures of progress?
Change in health condition •Obesity•Other chronic health conditions
Change in behavior •Physical activity•Breastfeeding•Television viewing•Fruit and vegetable•Energy density•Sweetened beverage
Change in environment •School•Medical•Worksite•Community
Change in policy •Environment•Other
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The Tools for States: Health Conditions and Behaviors
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Tools for childrenTools for children
System Population Data collection State or local data
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System(PedNSS)
•Primarily < 5 years of age •Receive services for low income families
•Part of clinic visit •Ongoing
Select
National Immunization Survey (NIS)
• 19 – 35 months •Parental report•Telephone survey•Ongoing
All states
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
•Pregnant women in federally funded public health programs (WIC, MCH)
•Part of clinic visit •Ongoing
Select states
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
•Grades 9 through 12•Attend school
•Self report•Questionnaire in classroom•Biannual
Select
National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH)
•0 to 17 years of age•Non-institutionalized US population
•Parental report•Telephone survey•2003 and 2007
All states
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Tools for adultsTools for adults
System Population Data collection
State or local data
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)
•Non-institutionalized adults
•Telephone survey•Self-report•Ongoing
All states
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
•Pregnant women in federally funded public health programs (WIC, MCH)
•Part of clinic visit •Ongoing
Select states
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Change environment
Change behavior
Change health condition
Change individual knowledge, skills,
and attitudes
Change policy
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Health conditions for childrenHealth conditions for children
System Obesity Other chronic diseases
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System(PedNSS)
X X
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
X
National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH)
X X
National Immunization Survey (NIS)
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
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Health Conditions for AdultsHealth Conditions for Adults
System Obesity Other chronic disease
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)
X X
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
X X
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Change environment
Change behavior
Change health condition
Change individual knowledge, skills,
and attitudes
Change policy
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Nutrition behaviors for childrenNutrition behaviors for children
System Breastfeeding Fruit and vegetable
Sweetened beverage
Energy density
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System(PedNSS)
x
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
x x
National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH)
National Immunization Survey (NIS)
x
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
x
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Nutrition behaviors for adultsNutrition behaviors for adults
System Fruit and vegetable
Sweetened beverage
Energy density
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)
x
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
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Physical activity and sedentary behaviors for children
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors for children
System Physical activity
Television viewing
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System(PedNSS)
x
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)
x x
National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH)
x x
National Immunization Survey (NIS)
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
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Physical activity and sedentary behaviors for adults
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors for adults
System Physical activity
Television viewing
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)
x
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
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Change environment
Change behavior
Change health condition
Change individual knowledge, skills,
and attitudes
Change policy
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Inventory questionsInventory questions
• What federal systems collect state specific data on environment and policy?
• What models have states used to collect environmental and/or policy information for their state programs?
• What federal systems collect state specific data on environment and policy?
• What models have states used to collect environmental and/or policy information for their state programs?
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Key components Key components
• Setting– School– Medical– Worksite– Community
• Indicator(s)
• Methodology
• Setting– School– Medical– Worksite– Community
• Indicator(s)
• Methodology
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Methods of assessing environments or policy
Methods of assessing environments or policy
• Direct – Individuals in the environment– Decision makers in the environment– Direct measurement
• Indirect (data collected for other reasons)– Written documents– Web– Publicly accessible dataset
• Direct – Individuals in the environment– Decision makers in the environment– Direct measurement
• Indirect (data collected for other reasons)– Written documents– Web– Publicly accessible dataset
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The Tools for States: Environment and Policy
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Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care Survey
Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care Survey
Target behavior:Breastfeeding
Setting: Medical care (hospitals and birth centers that provide intrapartum care)
Method:Report of most knowledgeable staff
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):Labor and delivery careBreastfeeding assistanceContact between mother and infantFeeding of breastfeeding infantsFacility dischargeStaff trainingStructural and organizational aspects of care delivery
Other information:
Done in 2007 – repeat planned All states
Target behavior:Breastfeeding
Setting: Medical care (hospitals and birth centers that provide intrapartum care)
Method:Report of most knowledgeable staff
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):Labor and delivery careBreastfeeding assistanceContact between mother and infantFeeding of breastfeeding infantsFacility dischargeStaff trainingStructural and organizational aspects of care delivery
Other information:
Done in 2007 – repeat planned All states
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School Health ProfilesSchool Health Profiles
Target behavior:Physical activity, sugar sweetened beverage, fruit and vegetable,
energy density (high fat and high sugar foods)
Setting: Secondary public schools (Grades 6 through 12)
Method:Report principal and teacher
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):CurriculumCompetitive foodsAdvertising of foodsTraining of staff
Other information: Done biannually State and local data for select states
Target behavior:Physical activity, sugar sweetened beverage, fruit and vegetable,
energy density (high fat and high sugar foods)
Setting: Secondary public schools (Grades 6 through 12)
Method:Report principal and teacher
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):CurriculumCompetitive foodsAdvertising of foodsTraining of staff
Other information: Done biannually State and local data for select states
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School Health Policies and Program StudySchool Health Policies and Program Study
Target behavior:Physical activity, sugar sweetened beverage, fruit and vegetable, energy density (high fat and high sugar foods)
Setting: Schools (Education agency for the state -elementary, middle, high school)
Method:Report of most knowledgeable person
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):CurriculumCompetitive foodsFood service foodsAdvertisingTraining of staff
Other information: Done every six years Data on all states
Target behavior:Physical activity, sugar sweetened beverage, fruit and vegetable, energy density (high fat and high sugar foods)
Setting: Schools (Education agency for the state -elementary, middle, high school)
Method:Report of most knowledgeable person
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):CurriculumCompetitive foodsFood service foodsAdvertisingTraining of staff
Other information: Done every six years Data on all states
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National Survey of Children’s HealthNational Survey of Children’s Health
Target behavior:Physical activity, television
Setting: Community (physical activity) and home (television)
Method:Telephone survey – parental report
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):Perceptions of safety and places for physical activity in communityFamily practices related to television
Other information: Done 2003 and 2007 Data on all states
Target behavior:Physical activity, television
Setting: Community (physical activity) and home (television)
Method:Telephone survey – parental report
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):Perceptions of safety and places for physical activity in communityFamily practices related to television
Other information: Done 2003 and 2007 Data on all states
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DNPAO Legislative DatabaseDNPAO Legislative Database
Target behavior:Physical activity, sugar sweetened beverage, fruit and vegetable, energy density (high fat and high sugar foods), television, breastfeeding
Setting: All settings possible
Method:Multiple outside data sources (e.g. legislative websites, National Counsel of State Legislators)
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):Legislation for physical educationLegislation that supports farmer’s markersLegislation for school vending policy
Other information:Need to do additional analysesState data
Target behavior:Physical activity, sugar sweetened beverage, fruit and vegetable, energy density (high fat and high sugar foods), television, breastfeeding
Setting: All settings possible
Method:Multiple outside data sources (e.g. legislative websites, National Counsel of State Legislators)
Examples of environment or policy measures (or domains):Legislation for physical educationLegislation that supports farmer’s markersLegislation for school vending policy
Other information:Need to do additional analysesState data
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Examples of local trail markers:What are states doing?
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State examplesState examples
Individuals in the environment• Addition of parental attitude toward PE policy to CHAMP survey
(NC)• Addition of questions related to supports for physical activity in
work environment to Minnesota Physical Activity (MN)
Decision makers in the environment• Restaurant Heart Healthy Survey (NC)• Worksite Survey and Health Care Site Survey (MA)• New York State Worksite Wellness Survey (NY)
External data sources• Monitoring miles of trials (NE)
Individuals in the environment• Addition of parental attitude toward PE policy to CHAMP survey
(NC)• Addition of questions related to supports for physical activity in
work environment to Minnesota Physical Activity (MN)
Decision makers in the environment• Restaurant Heart Healthy Survey (NC)• Worksite Survey and Health Care Site Survey (MA)• New York State Worksite Wellness Survey (NY)
External data sources• Monitoring miles of trials (NE)
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ConclusionsConclusions
• Limited information on environmental and policy in worksites, communities, and medical care– Need for indicators– Need for methodology
• Need to share state experiences
• Limited information on environmental and policy in worksites, communities, and medical care– Need for indicators– Need for methodology
• Need to share state experiences
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Proposed next stepsProposed next steps
• Community setting– Explore feasibility of developing
module for assessing individual perceptions of environmental/policy supports
– Explore the feasibility of using the Common Measures for Obesity Prevention for community level surveillance
• Worksite– Identity relevant indicators
• Work with state partners– Needs– How to be engaged
• Community setting– Explore feasibility of developing
module for assessing individual perceptions of environmental/policy supports
– Explore the feasibility of using the Common Measures for Obesity Prevention for community level surveillance
• Worksite– Identity relevant indicators
• Work with state partners– Needs– How to be engaged
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Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention
Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention
• Multi-partner project• Identify core set of data elements that can be
used by communities for self-assessment – Identify strategies– Identify single measure
• Next steps– Internal and external review– Pilot– Add to International City and County Management
data collection tool– Planned release – summer 2009
• Multi-partner project• Identify core set of data elements that can be
used by communities for self-assessment – Identify strategies– Identify single measure
• Next steps– Internal and external review– Pilot– Add to International City and County Management
data collection tool– Planned release – summer 2009
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Surveillance working group members
Surveillance working group members
• Heidi Blanck• Patricia Brindley• Susan Carlson• Karen Dalenius• Janet Fulton• Deb Galuska• Laura Kettel Khan• Liping Pan• Barb Polhamus
• Heidi Blanck• Patricia Brindley• Susan Carlson• Karen Dalenius• Janet Fulton• Deb Galuska• Laura Kettel Khan• Liping Pan• Barb Polhamus
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Questions for Large Group Discussion Questions for Large Group Discussion
• What are your biggest barriers to conducting surveillance for environment and policy?
• What could CDC do to help you address these barriers:– In the next year?– In the next five years?
• How do we best use your expertise:– In the development of the CDC plan?– To guide activities in other states?
• What are your biggest barriers to conducting surveillance for environment and policy?
• What could CDC do to help you address these barriers:– In the next year?– In the next five years?
• How do we best use your expertise:– In the development of the CDC plan?– To guide activities in other states?