Trade Unioni

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TRADE UNIONISM

Rupashree Baral


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Trade Unions

Formed to protect and promote the interests of theirmembers

Primary function is to protect the interests of workersagainst discrimination and unfair labor practices

Objectives:

Representation (Workers Interests) Negotiation (Collective Bargaining) Voice in decisions (Lay off, Retrenchment) affecting

workers Member Service (Education, Training, Welfare,

Discounts, Loans)Functions:i) Militant functions,(ii) Fraternal functions


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Importance of TradeUnions For industrial peace

Decisions taken through the process ofcollective bargaining and negotiations betweenemployer and unions are more influential

Effective communication between the workersand the management

Economic development Recruitment & selection

Discipline among workforce Settlement of ID in rational manner


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Purpose of Trade Unions

Employment Protection and JobCreation.

Economic Protection.

Social Status - Identity.

Political Role - Democratic Institution

Societal Obligation - Transformation.

Competitiveness / SustainableDevelopment.


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Why do people join Union?Contd.

Greater Bargaining Power

Minimize Discrimination

Sense of Security

Sense of Participation

Sense of Belongingness

Platform for self expression

Betterment of relationships


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Multiple Unions: Causes

Membership related Issues

Discontent

Leadership Related Issues

Avenues, intra union fights, leadershipissues

Political Issues

Regional, Organizational Limitations Legal


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Multiple Union: Solution

Suggested: One Industry - One Union

You may have any number of registeredunions

Recognition is the key


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Recognition of TradeUnion Registration does not mean recognition

Recognition of Trade Union is generally a matter ofagreement between employer and trade union

Varies from organization to organization

Act is silent about compulsory union (reason?) In States like Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, there are

specific legal provisions for recognition of an union

The Act confers the right to negotiate with employers inrespect of matters connected with the employment or non-employment, terms of employment and the conditions ofwork of all or any of its members

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Recognition of TradeUnions

Contd. A union must be recognised before it mayeffectively represent any employees

Once a union is recognised it serves as

the bargaining agent for the workers in aparticular bargaining unit

Need of Recognition Recognition of trade union is the

backbone of collective bargaining

No enforced central legislation on thissubject

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Recognition of TradeUnions

Contd. Management in several states have refused torecognise a trade union mainly on five grounds: most of the office bearers of the union were

outsiders

sometimes, those disapproved by management,particularly politicians and ex-employees

the union consisted of only small number ofemployees

there were many rival unions in existence; and

the trade union was not registered under the TradeUnions Act, 1926


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Major Trade UnionOrganizations AITUC (All India Trade Union Congress)

Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)

Hind Mazdoor Sabha

All India Council of Central Trade Unions All India United Trade Union Centre

United Trade Union Centre

All India federations of banks, insurance,

railways, defence, telecom, airline and airports. Centre of Indian Trade Unions -president M.K.

Pandhe


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Eight Core Rights (ILO)

29- Forced on Compulsory Labour.

87 Freedom of Association.

98 Right for Collective Bargaining.

100 Equal Remuneration.

105 Abolition of Forced Labour.

111 Discrimination in Employment.

138 Minimum Age for Employment. 182 Worst forms of Child Labour

Convention.


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Emergence andDevelopment of TU First cotton mill in India was established in 1851 in Bombay

and the first jute mill in 1855 in Bengal

First Factory Commission was appointed in Bombay in theyear 1875

First Factories Act was passed in 1881

Was dissapaointing Second Factory Commission was appointed in 1884

Mr. Lokhandey organised a conference of workers in Bombay anddrew up a memorandum signed by some 5,300 to present to theCommission

This was the first organized effort by workers in India

However, no roll or membership, no funds and no rules.

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Emergence andDevelopment of TU

Contd. The first phase (1850 to1900) Inception of trade unions took place General economic condition was poor,

exploitation of labour

In order to regulate the working hours and otherservice conditions of the Indian textile laborers,the Indian Factories Act was enacted in 1881 Employment of child labor was prohibited Absence of any regulation for women labour

No union in real terms Emergence of Bombay Mill-Hands Association

President Mr. N.M. Lokhandey The first labour association in India

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Emergence andDevelopment of TU

Contd. Printers Union, Calcutta - 1905 Kamgar Hitwardhak Sabha - 1910

Social Service League 1910

The amalgamated societyof railwayservants of India and Burma Were essentially labour welfare

organisations and may hardly beregarded as modern trade unions

Marjory called as Social welfare period


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Passing of the Indian Trade Unions Act in 1926 isan important landmark in the history of the tradeunion movement in the country

Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926, greatly enhanced

the status of trade unions in the workersimagination and in the public minds

Legal status to the registered trade unions

Measure of immunity from civil suits and criminal

prosecutions Because of this Act, trade unions have become

legalised and recognised institutions from illegalassociations


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Present Central Trade Union

Organizations All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMKP)

Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions (IFFTU) Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU) National Labor Organization (NLO)

Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC) United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) United Trade Union Congress - Lenin Sarani (UTUC -

LS)


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Some Figures of TradeUnions


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Problems for Trade UnionGrowth Off-Centering Labour

Segmentation of Workforce

Core / Periphery

Employment Instability

Investment Attraction Individualisation of Labour Relations

Labour Cost Cutting

Leadership Credibility/ Inside vs. Outside leadership

Failure of Institutions Emergence of Non-union firms/ E-union/ Cyber-union

Trade Unioni

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