The Banking and Corporate Finance Training Specialist

Trade Based Money Laundering

(TBML) and Sanctions

Compliance

This course is presented in London on:

24-25 May 2018, 9-10 October 2018

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+44 (0)20 7387 4484

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Course Overview

Participants will: Be introduced to the key characteristics of Anti-Money Laundering, Countering the

Financing of Terrorism and Sanctions adherence.

Gain an understanding of the principles of compliance risk, with particular reference to Trade Finance and cross border transactions.

Gain an insight into current trends and issues in financial crime, using practical examples, and the risks of non-compliance.

Be more informed and therefore better equiped to understand their role and responsibilities and make considered risk decisions more quickly, based on a sound knowledge of financial crime risk management

Be better placed to protect the Bank’s clients from financial crime risks in their own supply chains, thereby helping them achieve sustainable growth

Have key skills to protect the Bank from individuals and organisations seeking to commit trade based financial crime through the recognition / identification of red flags and understanding how to respond appropriately

Have a higher level of understanding of trade and commodity finance including core products, compliance risk characteristics and potential mitigants.

Be able to view transactions holistically with reference to AML, CFT, Sanctions and Compliance Risk

Have an overview of the role of correspondent banks and other financial institutions,

payment methods including SWIFT messaging

The trainer is a leading trade finance practitioner and trainer with almost 40 years banking experience. Prior to taking early retirement, he was responsible for the risk

management of the UK trade book for a top international bank, with whom he had spent his whole banking career as a Relationship Manager, Credit Risk Approver, Trade Finance Manager and latterly their Trade Portfolio Risk Manager.

He provides training to banks globally on trade and receivables finance, risk mitigation, AML and sanctions compliance, is ACIB qualified and has completed the ICA Certificate in

Trade Based Financial Crime Compliance issued by the University of Manchester Business School.

Day 1

Introductions Trainer & participants What do you know?

Aims and objectives. Course context.

Financial Crime Compliance Consituent parts (money laundering, terrorist financing, sanctions breaches)

Current examples An introduction to the nature of compliance risk in cross border transactions

Course Objectives

Course Content

Background of the Trainer

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Why are international trade transactions increasingly a target for abuse? The consequences of non-compliance (for banks, corporates and individuals)

Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) What is money laundering? Why is money laundered?

How is money laundered? The key stages of money laundering; placement, layering, integration

Customer Due Diligence (CDD) The risk-based approach to anti-money laundering Money laundering and terrorist financing

Case study concerning the involvement of, and consequences for, an

international bank which transferred money arising from drug smuggling across three continents.

Countering the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) Key differences between CFT and AML

The importance of due diligence and focussed screening Case study concerning the involvement of, and consequences for, an

international bank which was identified as having processed funds used to finance terrorism.

Sanctions What are sanctions?

Why are they imposed and what is their intended impact? Who imposes them and on whom are they imposed?

What is the difference between a trade embargo and financial sanctions? Examples of sanctions imposed in recent years The relevance of due diligence and screening

Case study on sanctions breaches concerning a major UK corporate.

Financial crime also relates to:-

Bribery & corruption Tax evasion Proliferation

Facilitation of money laundering

Complexity Three stages of money laundering Financial products vs open account

Co-mingling Cash

Fraud Smuggling Transfer pricing, etc.

Capital Flight Foreign Exchange

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Examples of legitimising the movement of illicit monies. a) the use of over-inflated invoicing representing “management charges b) misrepresentation of invoice value, multiple invoicing and false description of

goods

Correspondent banking What is the role of a correspondent bank? Why is correspondent banking fundamental to cross border money flows?

The counterparty compliance risk of using Correspondent Banks The use and operation of Nostro, Vostro and Loro accounts

Correspondent banking infrastructure; • Message authentication;

• Provision of payment, trade and treasury services; • Cash management

Risk profile of remitting, receiving and reimbursement parties in cross border

transactions Know your customer; the impact of ”KYCC”

Key compliance risk zones: • Ownership and control • Jurisdiction

• Quality of jurisdictional regulatory and supervisory framework • Adequacy of AML and sanctions compliance procedures

• Nature of respondent’s business • Client base • Shell banks

• Direct access accounts • Downstream correspondents

• Correspondent network rationalisation Exercise; due diligence and risk considerations

Financial Institutions - as customers:

Compliance risk assessment framework; key components Due diligence and risk assessment Unacceptable customers

Monitoring activity – warning signals, red flags, Financial Action Taskforce (FATF) recommendations.

International Payments / SWIFT Messaging The mechanics of cross border funds transfers and nature of the payment instruction

Parties; remitter, originator bank, receiving bank, beneficiary, cover/reimbursing bank What is SWIFT?

What is the function and operation; Understanding the use and role of SWIFT “MT” message types in payments and trade

transactions

Compliance risk; • Correspondent bank

• Message abuse • Inappropriate use of message types

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Message stripping Methods of international bank transfer:

• Direct and serial processing method (the use of SWIFT MT 103) • Cover method (the use of SWIFT MT103 plus SWIFT MT202 COV) • The compliance risk implications of SWIFT MT202

Value dating Key compliance risk zones:

• Message information • Originator; ownership, jurisdiction • Beneficiary; ownership, jurisdiction

• Nature and value of payment – ordinary course of business? • Screening – designated persons – sanctioned countries?

The compliance risk exposure of US dollar transfers High risk customers requiring payment services Red flag suspicious activity indicators

Global Cash Management

Examples of global cash management (concentration/pooling, zero and target balancing)

Parties; corporate structures, pool participants and banks

Key compliance risk: • Pool participants; ownership, jurisdiction

• Nature of business • Correspondent/partner banks • Origin and nature of funds

• Co-mingling of legitimate and illicit monies Monitoring activity – warning signals

Compliance risk profile

Case study re corporate group cross border cash concentration arrangement used to disguise illicit funds (from a subsidiary) and recirculation through apparent trade purposes

Managing Risk

Risk Assessment and due diligence Know your customer (KYC) Red Flags and responsibilities

Identifying suspicious activity Regulatory environment

Counterfeiting Video / discussion on CDD, KYC, etc.

Case study on the cost of non-compliance re AML and sanctions violation

Summary of day’s learning Opportunity to refresh clarify key points, clarify

Review main learning points.

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Preparation for day 2 Day 2

Review of principal considerations re Financial Crime Compliance Key learning points form Day1

Any questions / thoughts which have arisen Introduction to Day 2

Trade Finance

Trade Transactions Principal parties and associated risks Objectives of principal parties

Understanding the trade cycle Additional risks of trading internationally

Description, function and operation: The nature and purpose trade finance

What trade finance is and why it is required Why trade finance carries high compliance risk

High risk components (e.g.) Trade finance compliance risk characteristics;

• Counterparties – “know your customer’s customer” • Parties; different roles of banks; fragmented bank involvement • Transactions; complexity & banks deal in documents – validation?

• Negotiable instruments • Involvement of third parties (agents, carriers, etc)

• Jurisdictions / role of finance in cross border abuse

Comparison between international payments and documentary trade finance in the compliance risk environment:

Automated screening Message stripping Manual based due diligence

Trade based money laundering (TBML)

Definition FCA Thematic Review Increasing focus of criminal activity

Compliance considerations Risk mitigation (KYC; KYCC; information screening; document checking; red flags;

etc.) Common methods of trade based money laundering

Core Trade Finance Products

Open Account Trading Trade cycle

Incoterms Risk considerations (counterparty, credit, FCC)

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Products overview Compliance risk assessment (bank controlled payment/reimbursement)

Case study; the assessment of a business transaction, requiring identification of potential risk issues

Documentary collections What is a documentary collection?

What is the purpose of a documentary collection? Principal parties and roles

Document requirements and purpose Types; sight (DP), usance (DA) URC522

Compliance risk assessment; • Remitting bank due diligence

• Collecting bank due diligence Case study on the assessment of a potential AML / CFT / sanctions breach

documentary credit transaction, requiring identification of key compliance risk issues and the need for further information to make a risk-based assessment

Documentary Letters of credit

What is a letter of credit? What is the purpose of a letter of credit? Principal parties and roles

Other considerations:- • The independence principle

• Application process • Workability

Different types of letter of credit (overview)

• Irrevocable / revocable • Unconfirmed / confirmed

• Transferable (parties and operation, compliance risk) • Standby • Revolving

• Back to back • Synthetic

Trade documentation; vulnerability to abuse and compliance risk UCP 600 Compliance risk assessment; issuance, presentation of documents, payment; Issuing /

advising / negotiating bank; the importance of LC availability Red clause / sanctions clausing

Payment terms LC confirmation; financial engagement and responsibility; discounting

Case study to identify unusual features of a letter of credit request and identify

the red flag suspicious activity characteristics

Bank Guarantees What are bank guarantees?

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Principal parties The characteristics of “on demand” unconditional guarantees Autonomy and the independence principle

Types and use of guarantees in trade (bid, APG, performance) Direct, indirect and counter guarantees

Transferable guarantees; key compliance risks aspects Foreign laws and usage General compliance risk and vulnerability to criminal abuse

Structuring guarantees to reduce compliance risk exposure URDG 758

Case study to consider the compliance risk aspects of a request for a transferable letter of guarantee and the further information required to

undertake due diligence; use of additional information to identify unusual features and consider an appropriate course of action

Non-core Trade Products and processes

Forfaiting What is forfaiting?

Principal parties Primary and secondary forfaiting transactions

How to establish debt instrument authenticity The importance of due diligence; is there an underlying trade transaction?

Commodity Finance Characteristics of commodity finance

Key compliance risk zones : • Emerging markets/high risk jurisdictions • Commodity traders (nature and vulnerability to compliance risk)

• Value and existence of goods Syndicated facilities (due diligence on other lenders/participants)

Pre-export & pre-payment finance (high risk environment) • Key compliance risk aspects/deployment of risk mitigation

Warehouse financing

• Parties • Key compliance risk aspects/deployment of risk mitigation techniques

• The use and vulnerability of warehouse receipts & role of collateral managers Tolling Key compliance risk considerations

Case study re the use of commodity based pre-payments to disguise the movement of laundered funds

Receivables finance What is receivables finance?

Compliance risk vulnerabilities of financing open account transactions Forms of receivables finance:

• Full factoring • Confidential invoice discounting

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• Specific insured receivables finance • Reverse factoring

The use of receivables finance in the context of trade finance

Payables finance / Supply Chain Finance

What is payables finance and when is it used? Principal parties Types of payables finance; description, operation and parties:

• Pre-shipment payables finance (supplier-led) • Approved payables finance (buyer-led)

COMPLIANCE CONSIDERATIONS Trade based money laundering characteristics

Vulnerability of cross border transactions to fraud Information screening

Document checking Red flags

Mitigating Risk Know your customer and your customer’s customer

Understand the trade cycle and what is ‘ordinary business’ Compare and contrast

Is the complexity of the transaction necessary? Follow the money Apply common sense

Ask the right questions The importance of first line of defence

Red flags Fraud

Summary of day’s learning

Opportunity to refresh clarify key points, clarify Review main learning points.

Conclusion & next steps for action

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Delivering this course in-house for you to a number of participants could be very cost effective.

Whilst trade and commodity finance is low in credit risk it exposes banks to high compliance risks.

Banks who have failed to implement adequate Financial Crime Compliance programmes and training have incurred fines, reputational damage and faced the potential loss or

suspension of their ability to operate in certain currency markets or jurisdictions. This 2-day course for personnel who are involved in Trade Finance, including bank auditors, compliance officers, operations managers and relationship directors, provides an

explanation of the operation of the methods of payment and financing used in international trade and commodity transactions and the nature of associated compliance

risks. The course covers all aspects of Financial Crime Compliance (including the regulatory

framework) with particular regard to Trade & Commodity Finance (principles and products), Correspondent Banking, International Payments, Global Cash Management,

their associated compliance risks and the suspicious money laundering / sanctions violation activity red flag indicators of each.

Through attending this course participants will be able to identify compliance risk features in core product areas and key aspects from an audit and compliance risk perspective.

The course uses a range of typologies, exercises and case studies to enable the participants to consider transactions and identify the key risk compliance features, areas of due diligence and further information required to make a risk-based assessment.

Course Summary

09:30-17:00

London

Standard Price: £1350 +VAT Membership Price: £1080 + VAT