Tracking tasks

GET_TASK

• Make a new app, WatchProcesses– Add permission GET_TASK– This permission allows the app to collect lots of

information about other tasks and kill apps

Collecting memory usage• In onCreate, add

– Context context = this.getApplicationContext();– ActivityManager mgr = (ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);– List<RunningAppProcessInfo> processes = mgr.getRunningAppProcesses();– Log.e("DEBUG", "Running processes:");– for(Iterator i = processes.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )– {

• RunningAppProcessInfo p = (RunningAppProcessInfo)i.next();• Log.e("DEBUG", " process name: "+p.processName);• Log.e("DEBUG", " pid: "+p.pid); • int[] pids = new int[1];• pids[0] = p.pid;• android.os.Debug.MemoryInfo[] MI = mgr.getProcessMemoryInfo(pids);• Log.e("memory"," dalvik private: " + MI[0].dalvikPrivateDirty);• Log.e("memory"," dalvik shared: " + MI[0].dalvikSharedDirty);• Log.e("memory"," dalvik pss: " + MI[0].dalvikPss); • Log.e("memory"," native private: " + MI[0].nativePrivateDirty);• Log.e("memory"," native shared: " + MI[0].nativeSharedDirty);• Log.e("memory"," native pss: " + MI[0].nativePss); • Log.e("memory"," other private: " + MI[0].otherPrivateDirty);• Log.e("memory"," other shared: " + MI[0].otherSharedDirty);• Log.e("memory"," other pss: " + MI[0].otherPss);

• • Log.e("memory"," total private dirty memory (KB): " + MI[0].getTotalPrivateDirty());• Log.e("memory"," total shared (KB): " + MI[0].getTotalSharedDirty());• Log.e("memory"," total pss: " + MI[0].getTotalPss());

– }• run

Memory usage• In modern OS, app use shared libraries. • Hence, some memory is used by multiple apps, complicating determining

an apps memory usage• dalvikPrivateDirty is the memory that would be freed by the java virtual

machine if the process is killed– nativePrivateDirty is the same for native code– otherPrivateDirty is the same for some other code (not sure what else there is)

• dalvikSharedDirty is the shared memory used by the java virtual machine– But this would not be freed if this app is killed

• dalvikPss – an estimate of how much memory is used by the app. – This includes all the private memory, and a fraction of the shared memory

• Check that pss >= private– The reason that only a fraction of shared memory is used is so that reasonability

of the shared memory usage across all responsible apps– This value is used to estimate the memory load of the app and is used when

considering whether to kill the app.

• The totals are the sum over the dalvik, native, and other

Importance

• In onCreate, add– Context context = this.getApplicationContext();– ActivityManager mgr = (ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);– List<RunningAppProcessInfo> processes = mgr.getRunningAppProcesses();– Log.e("DEBUG", "importance:");– for(Iterator i = processes.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )– {– RunningAppProcessInfo p = (RunningAppProcessInfo)i.next();– – Log.e("DEBUG", " process name: "+p.processName);– Log.e("DEBUG", " importance value: "+p.importance);– switch (p.importance) {– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND: Log.e("DEBUG"," is IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND"); break;– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE: Log.e("DEBUG"," is IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE"); break;– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_SERVICE: Log.e("DEBUG"," is IMPORTANCE_SERVICE"); break;– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_BACKGROUND: Log.e("DEBUG"," is IMPORTANCE_BACKGROUND"); break;– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_EMPTY: Log.e("DEBUG"," is IMPORTANCE_EMPTY"); break;– default: Log.e("DEBUG"," should not happend"); break;– }– – Log.e("DEBUG", " importance reason code: "+p.importanceReasonCode);– switch (p.importanceReasonCode) {– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.REASON_PROVIDER_IN_USE : Log.e("DEBUG"," is REASON_PROVIDER_IN_USE "); break;– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.REASON_SERVICE_IN_USE : Log.e("DEBUG"," is REASON_SERVICE_IN_USE "); break;– case ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.REASON_UNKNOWN : Log.e("DEBUG"," is REASON_UNKNOWN "); break;– default : Log.e("DEBUG"," should not happen "); break;– }– Log.e("DEBUG", " fine grain importance: "+p.lru);– }

importance

• When resources run out, Android will kill some processes. It uses importance to decide which can be killed

• Five categories of importance– IMPORTANCE_BACKGROUND – expendable– IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND – currently in the foreground– IMPORTANCE_PERCEPTIBLE - an app that the user is actively perceptible to the user. An

example would be an application performing background music playback. (but not a service)

– IMPORTANCE_SERVICE – a service that should remain running– IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE – is visible, but not in the foreground– IMPORTANCE_EMPTY - no actively running code

• Three reasons for the importance, given by importanceReasonCode– REASON_PROVIDER_IN_USE – REASON_SERVICE_IN_USE – REASON_UNKNOWN

• lru gives relative importance within a category– Only determined for IMPORTANCE_BACKGROUND category

• Run with different apps in the background

Package list– Context context = this.getApplicationContext();– ActivityManager mgr = (ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);– List<RunningAppProcessInfo> processes = mgr.getRunningAppProcesses();– Log.e("DEBUG", "packages:");– for(Iterator i = processes.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )– {– RunningAppProcessInfo p = (RunningAppProcessInfo)i.next(); – Log.e("DEBUG", " process name: "+p.processName); – Log.e("DEBUG", " user id: "+p.uid); // not sure what this is. It is not pid– for( String str : p.pkgList)– {– Log.e("DEBUG", " package: "+str);– }– }

Recent activities• In onCreate, add

– Context context = this.getApplicationContext();– ActivityManager mgr = (ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);– List<ActivityManager.RecentTaskInfo> recentTasks =

mgr.getRecentTasks(100,ActivityManager.RECENT_WITH_EXCLUDED );– Log.e("DEBUG", "Recent tasks");– for(Iterator i = recentTasks.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )– {

• RecentTaskInfo p = (RecentTaskInfo)i.next(); • Log.e("DEBUG", " origActivity: "+p.origActivity);• Log.e("DEBUG", " base intent action: "+p.baseIntent.getAction());• Set<String> ss = p.baseIntent.getCategories();• if (ss!=null) {

– for (String a : ss) {» if (a!=null)

• Log.e("DEBUG", " base intent category: "+a);– }

• }• Log.e("DEBUG", " base intent comp name: "+p.baseIntent.getComponent().flattenToString());

– }

Recent activities

• Does it show the same activity if the activity has repeatedly restarted?

• What about if the activity was used intermittently?

• Note that the intent gives a lot of information

Running services

• In onCreate, add– Context context = this.getApplicationContext();– ActivityManager mgr = (ActivityManager)context.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);– List<ActivityManager.RecentTaskInfo> recentTasks =

mgr.getRecentTasks(100,ActivityManager.RECENT_WITH_EXCLUDED );– List<RunningServiceInfo> services = mgr.getRunningServices(100);– Log.e("DEBUG", "services:");– for(Iterator<RunningServiceInfo> i = services.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )– {

• RunningServiceInfo p = (RunningServiceInfo)i.next(); • Log.e("DEBUG", " process name: "+p.process);• Log.e("DEBUG", " user id of owner: "+p.uid);• Log.e("DEBUG", " number of clients: "+p.clientCount);• Log.e("DEBUG", " client package name: "+p.clientPackage); • Log.e("DEBUG", " activeSince started (secs): "+p.activeSince/1000.0);• Log.e("DEBUG", " last active: "+p.lastActivityTime/1000.0);

• }

killBackgroundProcesses

• List<RunningServiceInfo> services = mgr.getRunningServices(100);• Log.e("DEBUG", "services:");• for(Iterator<RunningServiceInfo> i = services.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )• {• RunningServiceInfo p = (RunningServiceInfo)i.next(); • Log.e("DEBUG", " process name: "+p.process);• Log.e("DEBUG", " user id of owner: "+p.uid);• Log.e("DEBUG", " number of clients: "+p.clientCount);• Log.e("DEBUG", " client package name: "+p.clientPackage); • Log.e("DEBUG", " activeSince started (secs): "+p.activeSince/1000.0);• Log.e("DEBUG", " last active: "+p.lastActivityTime/1000.0);

• }

• Log.e("killing","killing com.android.wallpaper");• mgr.killBackgroundProcesses("com.android.wallpaper");

• services = mgr.getRunningServices(100);• Log.e("DEBUG", "services:");• for(Iterator<RunningServiceInfo> i = services.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )• {• RunningServiceInfo p = (RunningServiceInfo)i.next(); • Log.e("DEBUG", " process name: "+p.process);• Log.e("DEBUG", " user id of owner: "+p.uid);• Log.e("DEBUG", " number of clients: "+p.clientCount);• Log.e("DEBUG", " client package name: "+p.clientPackage); • Log.e("DEBUG", " activeSince started (secs): "+p.activeSince/1000.0);• Log.e("DEBUG", " last active: "+p.lastActivityTime/1000.0);

• }• Restarts service.

Other things

• getRunningTasks – But getRunningAppProcesses seems more useful

• isUserAMonkey– Don’t know how to test