Tracking in funding of climate efforts in developing countries

and potential for tracking with georeferencing and crowdsourcing

Timmons Roberts Brown University/AidData

Special thanks to Christian Peratsakis and AidData

Preparatory Workshop for Third Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction 2011

 Tracking of Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery Investments in

International Aid 13-14 April 2011, Helsinki, Finland

Assessments of Need and Pledges at Copenhagen and Cancun

Assessments of Need and Pledges at Copenhagen and Cancun

•Now many estimates of adaptation/resilience need: UNDP, World Bank, Oxfam, IIED; vary from 10 to over 200b/year

•Copenhagen Accord promised “New and Additional” funds

• $30billion in “Fast Start Finance” 2010-2012

• “scaling up” to $100 billion/year by 2020

But:

•Public and private

•Loans and grants

•No baseline set

•Much variation in donor categorization, lack standards and registry

Learning from experience tracking climate adaptation funding

Learning from experience tracking climate adaptation funding

2008 -- Categorization of 115,000 projects in OECD DAC 2000-2006

2009 -- Categorization of 2,225 DFID projects 2007-2008 portfolio on 12 climate adaptation schemes

2010 -- ffort to code all of PLAID 1.9.2, precursor to AidData 1.0 and experiment with naïve bayesian “machine coding”

2011 -- GFDRR/AidData categorization of 70,000 projects

2011 -- Crowd-sourcing pilot in Uganda with UNICEF

2011 -- CCAPS—Univ. of Texas/MINERVA Africa vulnerability and fragile states—identification, georeferencing, enhancement

Humble Beginnings: First efforts to categorize by

climate

Humble Beginnings: First efforts to categorize by

climateIn 2008, PLAID coders categorized a random sample of

115,000 projects from the OECD CRS 2000-2006 on a six-point climate coding system:

1: Mitigation: Energy efficiency and reducing emissions

2: Mitigation: Renewable energy

3: Mitigation: Other

4: Adaption studies and plans

5: Adaption action

6: Natural disaster prevention

115,000 projects 2000-2006 DAC Coded For Climate Mitigation and Adaptation

115,000 projects 2000-2006 DAC Coded For Climate Mitigation and Adaptation

The largest natural disaster projects we encountered

2002Japan JBIC TO PREVENT DESERTIFICATION 69.4589173 TO PREVENT DESERTIFICATION

2002Japan MOFA

FLOOD PROTECTION AND DRAINAGE IMPVT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PHNOM PENH 17.9024112

THE PROJECT FOR FLOOD PROTECTION AND DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PHNOM PENH

2001IDA NATURAL DISASTER VULNERABILITY 17.8573193 NATURAL DISASTER VULNERABILITY

2001Canada CIDA DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PROJECT 4.5147158 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PROJECT

2000UK DFID

LIVELIH. RESTORATION, PUB. HEALTH INTERV. & COMM. BASED DISASTER PREPA. 4.1860016

ORISSA CYCLONE: LIVELIHOODS RESTORATION, PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS AND COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

2004IDA DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT 3.8519013 LC DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT II

2004France MAE*LUTTE CONTRE LA SÉCHERESSE DANS LE SAHEL 3.7970952

ADAPTATION DU COMITÉ PERMANENT INTER-ÉTAT *DE LUTTE CONTRE LA SÉCHERESSE DANS LE SAHEL (CILSS) *AUX NOUVEAUX ENJEUX RÉGIONAUX (ACER)

2004IBRD DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT 3.7803806 LC DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROJECT II

2004IDB DISASTER PREVENTION PROGRAM 2.7586561 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL DISASTERS

2000Germany GTZ

RURAL DEVELOPMENT: FIGHT AGAINST DESERTIFICATION IN DRAA-TAL 2.0065608

DESERTIFIKATIONSBEKAEMPFUNG IM DRAA-TAL (ALT: 9120866)

A case study: DFIDA case study: DFID

•Gordon Brown pledge of climate adaptation funding agency need to decide “what counts as adaptation”

• In 2009, DFID contracted AidData to categorized all 2,226 projects in DFID’s 2008-9 portfolio

•Goal was to understand which projects would be captured by different categorization schemes

•Expert review at June 2009 Bonn UNFCCC negotiations

The categorizationsThe categorizations1. OECD “Rio Markers” (Mitigation)2. OECD Draft Adaptation Markers   3. Mitigation and Adaptation Planning and Action4. High-Carbon vs. Low-Carbon Adaptation 5. Adaptation "Models" (WRI 1)6. The "Targetedness Continuum” (WRI 2) 7. Adaptation Strategies Employed (WRI 3) 8. Vernon’s (DFID) Triangle Categorization 9. LDC/Lesotho 2008 position on adaptation 10. EU Framework for Action on Adaptation 11. Nairobi Work Programme 12. Bellagio Framework 13. Qualifies for Waxman-Markey Bill Adaptation Funding 14. World Bank Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) Qualifying

Requirements

12 categorizations of 2,226 DFID projects

OECD Climate Adaptation Marker

OECD Climate Adaptation Marker

•1 – Significant objective: Adaptation to climate change was an important, but not principal objective. Minimum criteria: a.) It is intended to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems to the impacts of climate change by increasing adaptive capacity and resilience and reducing climate related risk; or b.) It aims to develop the necessary capacity to forecast the impacts of climate change, to assess climate risks and vulnerability or to develop climate risk management responses 

•2 – Principal objective: Climate change adaptation is an explicit objective of the activity and fundamental in its design; a principal objective meets the minimum criteria of a significant objective, while answering negatively to the question “Would the activity have been undertaken without this objective?”

WRI “targetedness continuum” Weathering the Storm McGray 2009

WRI “targetedness continuum” Weathering the Storm McGray 2009

•0 – No noted adaptation features of project

•1 –  Addressing the Drivers of Vulnerability: At the development end of the spectrum, activities reduce poverty and address other fundamental shortages of capability that make people vulnerable to harm.

•2 –  Building Response Capacity: Adaptation activities focus on building robust systems for problem solving.

•  3 –  Managing Climate Risk:

•  4 –  Confronting Climate Change: Actions focus almost exclusively on addressing impacts associated with climate change. 

•99 – Not sufficient data to categorize

DFID Triangle (Vernon 2008)DFID Triangle (Vernon 2008)0 – Not targeted: Outside the DFID Adaptation

Circle.

1 – “Good development practice”: Educated, healthy people working in a diversified economy are less vulnerable overall and better able to deal with climatic shocks and change

2 – Climate ‘proofing’ climate-sensitive development measures and efforts to reduce vulnerability

3 – Expanding climate-relevant development measures and efforts to build resilience and reduce vulnerability, e.g. disaster risk reduction (incremental shifts). 

4 – Undertaking climate-specific measures to target climate risks (new approach).

•99 – Insufficient data to categorize

Figure 1

Figure 3

Figure 2

Figure 4

A consensus measure?

AdaptationWatch

promoting transparency & accountability in climate adaptation

ConclusionsConclusions•Promises require a climate funding registry and tracking

•Need for independent categorization of projects

•There was a fairly remarkable consensus that about 3-3.5 percent of DFID projects in 2008-09 were narrowly defined as adaptation

•Over 30 times as many projects fall under a broad definition of adaptation as the narrow adaptation classification

•Several options exist for categorization—could nest DRR inside climate adaptation funding

•Much future research needed

Contact UsContact Us

•Timmons Roberts, Brown University, USA timmons@brown.edu

•Aiddata.org

Extra slidesExtra slides

Population Density and Active World Bank Projects

Poverty and Active World Bank Projects

313

2006 disaster risk reduction projects

2006 50AG

DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 0.1594763 0

INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN IN NORTHERN MINA

SE PRETENDEN MEJORAR LAS CONDICIONES DE SALUD, SOCIOECON ﾓMICAS Y DE SEGURIDAD FRENTE A DESASTRES NATURALES, DE LOS 10.250 HABITANTES DE LOS BARRIOS URBANO-MARGINALES DE VIETNAM, LA BARQUITA Y KATANGA, Y ESPECIALMENTE DE LAS MUJERES CON INGRESOS ECON ﾓMICOS

2006 5KFW

Program Desertification Controll 0 0

Program Desertification Controll Program Desertification Controll

2006 302Misc

DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 0.475095974

Under the Compacts of Free Association, NWS provides weather forecasting to the island of Yap.. NOAA Weather Service Program.

2006 50AG

DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 0.0359721 0

PROGRAM FOR HUNGER PREVENTION AND DISEASES CAUSED BY DROUGHT IN WAJIR. KENYA

PROGRAMA DE PREVENCIÓN DEL HAMBRE Y LAS ENFERMEDADES CAUSADAS POR LA SEQUIA EN WAJIR. KENIA

2006 12DFID

SUPPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION 0

SUPPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION

The ISDR serves as an international platform for disaster reduction based on a cross sectoral inter-disciplinary approach. It supports initiatives aimed at reducing human, economic and social losses due to natural hazards and technological and environment

2006 5GTZ

Convention Project to Combat Desertification 0

Convention Project to Combat Desertification Convention Project to Combat Desertification

2006 701JICA

STUDY ON FLOOD AND DEBRIS FLOW IN CASPIAN COASTAL AREA FOCUSING ON FLOOD 0.2541251 0

2006 50MFA

DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 8.99E-02 0

RISK AND EMERGENCIES MANAGEMENT GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS Y EMERGENCIAS

2006 50MFA

DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 0.1798605 0

AGRICULTURAL REHABILITATION AND NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION IN THE BOLIVIAN HIGHLANDS

REHABILITACIÓN AGROPECUARIA Y PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES NATURALES EN EL ALTIPLANO BOLIVIANO

2006 5GTZ

Desertification control Caribbean/Central America 0

Desertification control Caribbean/Central America Desertification control Caribbean/Central America

2006 5F O disaster prevention 4.65E-02 disaster prevention desaster prevention

2006 11SDCDISASTER REDUCTION CAPACITY IN CUSCO DEP. Disaster Reduction Capacity in Cusco Dep.

2006 5F O disaster prevention0.36279

2921 disaster prevention desaster prevention

2006 8MFA

Tsunami and extreme weather risk reduction measures, land use and rehab. 0

Tsunami and extreme weather risk reduction measures, land use and rehab.

Regional project, area and physical planning for tsunami and extreme weather conditions

2006 11SDCFORZA FLOOD PREVENTION TRANSCARPATHIA

1.39918403

FORZA Flood Prevention Transcarpathia FORZA Flood Prevention Transcarpathia

2006 11SDC CIMMYT DROUGHT TOLERANCE ON MAIZE CIMMYT Drought Tolerance on Maize

2006 50MFA AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT0.29976

750

SUPPORT FOR THE NATIONAL PLAN OF FIGHT AGAINST DESERTIZATION IN SEMMAR, PROVINCE OF NADOR

CONCEPCIÓN DE UN ESQUEMA INTEGRADO DE DESARROLLO AGRÍCOLA, SOCIOECONÓMICO Y DE GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES DEL ÁREA DE SEMMAR PROVINCIA DE NADOR) QUE CONSTARÁ DE ACCIONES DE APROVECHAMIENTO, ACCIONES DE MOVILIZACIÓN DE RECURSOS DE AGUA, D

2006 11SDCDISASTER PREVENTION THROUGH COORDINATION OFFICE Disaster Prevention through Coordination Office

2006 11SDCFORZA FLOOD PREVENTION TRANSCARPATHIA FORZA Flood Prevention Transcarpathia

2006 11SDCDISASTER PREVENTION THROUGH COORDINATION OFFICE Disaster Prevention through Coordination Office

2006 11SDCDISASTER PREVENTION THROUGH COORDINATION OFFICE Disaster Prevention through Coordination Office

2006 8MFAWIN/Caribian ocean/preventive measures natr disast

0.188858108

WIN/Caribian ocean/preventive measures natr disast Description is missing