Track access charges in EU

Railway Costing & Pricing

10 December 2015

Miklos Kopp - UIC – Director East-West relations

Factors

> Costing

> Operational and production costs

> Indirect and overhead costs

> Safety

> Management

> Training

> Insurances

> Pricing strategy

> Objective 0

> Margin

2 FIATA UIC 18 September 2014

Operational and production costs

> Track Access Charges ~ 30%

> Slots

> Energy

> Human resources ~ 30%

> Train drivers

> Shunting and Inspection

> Rolling Stock ~ 30%

> Locomotives

> Railcars

> Logistic ~ 10%

3 FIATA UIC 18 September 2014

Track Access Charges for freight trains

> European UIC members funded project

> The deliverable is focusing on 33 EU

Infrastructure Managers. Their Network

Statements have been analysed and

compared to give a clear view on the

charging system structures and on the

variables used.

4 FIATA UIC 18 September 2014

Final results 1. Introduction

2. Qualitative Analysis:

• System Classification

• Variables

3. Quantitative Analysis:

• Price Ranges

• National ODs

• European Freight Corridors

• Cross Border Analysis

4. Other Analysis

5. Conclusions

5

Analysis of Charging Systems for Freight Synthesis and description of infrastructure charging systems in selected EU

countries for the year 2013

> A file for each country has been created based on the

country’s Network Statement

> Charging systems have been classified by system type

(additive, multiplicative, etc.). Charges for line, energy and

other charges are differentiated.

> Charging levels

> Variables/system structure/charging levels are compared

and limitations of infrastructure charging systems for

freight are discussed

> Matrix of variables – analysis of types of charges and how

charging systems are calculated

6

2013 Freight Charging System Classification

7

Type of

System Description Countries Qty.

Simple

price per

train-km

and/or per

ton-km

Bulgaria, Denmark,

Estonia, Finland,

Ireland, Latvia,

Lithuania,

Netherlands,

Norway, Poland,

Portugal, Sweden

12

Simple+

same as

"simple" with

possibility of

a few

additional

parameters

Austria, Hungary,

Romania,

Switzerland 4

Multiplic

ative

base price

multiplied by

different

factors

Croatia, Czech

Republic, Germany 3

Additive

X1 + X2 + X3

+ … where Xi

is a simple or

complex

component

Belgium, France,

Greece, Italy,

Luxembourg,

Slovakia, Slovenia,

Spain, United

Kingdom

9

Charging System Classification

Type of

System Description Countries Qty.

MC Marginal

Cost

Bulgaria, Greece,

Ireland, Luxembourg,

Netherlands

(conventional lines),

Norway

6

MC+ Marginal

Cost Plus

Additions

Austria, Czech Republic,

Denmark, Finland,

France, Portugal, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland,

United Kingdom

10

FC- Full Cost

Minus

Discounts

Belgium, Germany, Italy,

Hungary, Poland,

Romania, Slovenia,

Slovakia

8

FC Full Cost Estonia, Latvia,

Lithuania, Netherlands

(HS only) 3

8

Source: RailCALC 2008

Charging System Variable Analysis (1/3)

9

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What Is Charged

Time-of-day pricing • • • • • • • • • •

Train Frequency •

Train speed • • • • •

Train Type (Physical Characteristics) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Axle load •

Loco/Traction Type • • • • • • • • • • •

Service Type (Service Pattern, distance) • • • • •

Train-path quality • • •

Line Type (importance categorization) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Line Type (capacity) • • • • • •

Capacity maximization Charge • • • • • • •

Scarcity Surcharge • • • •

Low-speed penalty • •

How It is Charged

Flat Fee • • •

Fee per train-km • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fee per tonne-km • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fee per min • •

Node fee • •

Fee per Axle-km • •

Axle load • • •

Charging System Variable Analysis (2/3)

10 Freight Forum 14 May 2014

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Charge Categories

Reservation Fee • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Cancellation Fee • • • • • • • •

Running Charge • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Admin Fee • • • • •

Access Fee •

Security Fee • •

Accident Insurance Charge • •

Environmental Surcharge • • • • •

Special Infrastructure Fees • • • •

Dangerous goods transport • •

Low noise fee/discount • • • •

ETCS fee/discount •

Performance Scheme • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Freight Subsidy / Discount • • •

Traction Current and Fuel

Traction Current - access • • • • • • • • • • • •

Traction Current - management • • • • • •

Traction Current - use fee • • • • • • • • • •

Fuel - management • •

Fuel - dispensing •

Fuel - access • • •

Varying rates for Diesel/Electric • • • • • • • • • •

Charging System Variable Analysis (3/3)

11

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Facility Charges (in NS)

Pricing by Facility Importance • • • • •

Maintenance Facilities Access • • • • •

Parking at stations • • • •

Parking in Sidings • • • • • • • • • •

Parking Time (short v. long-term) • • • •

Marshalling yards - access • • • • • •

IM vs. Non-IM operated facility •

Train formation - access • • •

Train formation - use • • • • •

Facility Services (in NS)

Shunting Services • • • • •

Train Washing •

Gauge changing equipment - use •

Provision of water •

Brake Test Facility • • •

Track Weighbridges • • •

Loading Area • •

Handling of ITUs •

Other Facility Types - access • • •

Defined Trains

12

Type Mass Length Max. Axle

Load Max Speed

Departure

Time Notes

1 500 tons

Up to 750 m

22.5 t/axle

80 km/h 12 noon

2 960 tons 22.5 t/axle 3 2000

tons

22.5 t/axle 4 25.0 t/axle Only certain corridors 5 3000

tons

22.5 t/axle 6 25.0 t/axle Only certain corridors

Max.

22.5 t

25.0 t

Lmax = 750 m

Vmax = 80 km/h

Price Ranges: 2000-ton train

13

0 €

5 €

10 €

15 €

20 €

25 €

30 €

35 €

40 €

45 €

AT

BE

BE

(H

S)

BG

CZ

DK

EE FI

FR

FR

(H

S)

DE

DE

(H

S)

GR

HU IE IT LV

LT

LU

NL

NL (

HS

)N

O PL

PT

RO

SK

SL

ES

SE

CH

UK

UK

-HS

1

€ p

er

train

-km

National ODs

14

Country Origin-Destination

Austria Vienna – Salzburg

Belgium Namur – Antwerp

Bulgaria Sofia – Bourgas

Czech Republic Prague – Ostrava

Denmark Copenhagen – Esbjerg

Estonia Tallinn – Narva

Finland Helsinki – Turku

France Perpignan – Metz

Germany Hamburg – Mannheim

Greece Athens – Thessaloniki

Hungary Budapest – Miskolc

Ireland Dublin – Dundalk Clarke

Italy Milano – Rome

Latvia Riga – Valka

Lithuania Vilnius – Klaipeda

Luxemburg Esch – Troisvierges border

Netherlands Rotterdam – Venlo

Norway Halden – Oslo

Poland Warsaw – Katowice

Portugal Lisbon – Porto

Romania Bucharest – Brasov

Slovakia Bratislava – Kosice

Slovenia Maribor – Ljubljana

Spain Madrid – Irun

Sweden Göteborg – Stockholm

Switzerland Lausanne – Buchs (SG)

United Kingdom London – Liverpool

5

7

9

3

2

1

0 5 10

<150 km

150-300km

300-450km

450-600km

600-750km

750km+

Na

tio

na

l O

D L

en

gth

D

istr

ibu

tio

n

National OD Calculations – Average per km (Comparing 500-, 960-, 1200-, and 3000-tonne trains)

15

0.00 €

5.00 €

10.00 €

15.00 €

20.00 €

25.00 €

30.00 €

35.00 € A

T

BE

BG

CZ

DK

EE FI

FR

(su

bsid

ize

d)

FR

(no

t sub

sid

ize

d)

DE

GR

HU IE IT LV

LT

LU

NL

NO PL

PT

RO

SK

SL

ES

SE

CH

UK

500-tonne train960-tonne train2000-tonne train3000-tonne train

FFG CER 1 JULY 2014

European Freight Corridors ODs Corridors from Directive 913/2010 (and 1316/2013)

16 Freight Forum 14 May 2014

No Countries

1 NL, BE, DE, IT

2 NL, BE, LU, FR

3 SE, DK, DE, AT, IT

4 PT, ES, FR

5 PL, CZ, SK, AT, IT, SI

6 ES, FR, IT, SI, HU

7 CZ, AT, SK, HU, RO, BG

8 DE, NL, BE, PL, LT

9 CZ, SK

Sensitivity Analysis - European Freight Corridors Charge per km

17

2.2

1 €

4.0

9 €

2.2

6 €

3.2

8 €

2.4

3 €

2.2

6 €

3.0

6 €

3.2

4 €

2.4

8 €

3.4

7 €

4.7

6 €

3.5

8 €

3.2

8 €

6.2

0 €

2.9

7 €

5.1

6 €

6.4

2 €

7.4

1 €

0.00 €

1.00 €

2.00 €

3.00 €

4.00 €

5.00 €

6.00 €

7.00 €

8.00 €

Corridor 1Corridor 2Corridor 3Corridor 4Corridor 5Corridor 6Corridor 7Corridor 8Corridor 9

500-tonne train

960-tonne train

Corridor No. of

Countries Total Number of Variables Used

1 4

2 5

3 5

4 3

5 4

6 5

7 4

8 3

9 2

Cross-Border Analysis: Variables

18

26 30

24 23

18 28

18 22

12

Other analysis

> Network Statement Analysis

> Calculation Tools

> Noise-Differentiated Charges

> Energy Costs

> Expected System Trends

19

Conclusions

> European Railway Network Segmented into parts by charging

systems

> Analysis of charges in European Freight Corridors provides a

good example of how complex charges in structure are and

how much they change over the distance of the corridor

> Some IMs are recovering more than others, and cross-

subsidizing each-other

> Innovative charging concepts have emerged as charging

systems are continuing to develop (noise, energy recovery)

> It would be interesting to develop the same project worldwide

to compare all the TAC structures

20

Thank you for your kind attention

Miklos KOPP Director East-West relations kopp@uic.org

21

FFG CER 1 JULY 2014