Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.
-
Upload
arron-maxwell -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.
![Page 1: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation
By:
Jennifer
Lindsey
Meagan
Kahelia
![Page 2: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Trace Minerals– Iron– Zinc– Copper– Cromium– Selenium– Iodine
Phytochemical
![Page 3: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Iron(Fe)
![Page 4: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Iron Functions
Assistance in the transport of oxygen throughout body to tissues and muscles
Component of certain enzymes– Examples:
• Cytochromes• Part of the antioxidant enzyme system that
fights free radicals
![Page 5: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin transports oxygen through the blood stream to tissues.
Iron is a component of Hemoglobin Iron binds to the oxygen in our blood
stream Iron releases the oxygen to the tissues
![Page 6: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Myoglobin
Similar to Hemoglobin but is found in the muscle cells
Iron is also a component of Myoglobin Iron binds to the oxygen and transports
it into the muscle cells
![Page 7: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cytochromes
This enzyme assists in energy production within the body
Cytochromes are an electron carrier within the metabolic pathways
![Page 8: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Food Sources for Iron
Iron is not produced by the body so it must be consumed via food or supplementation
Good sources of Iron in foods are:– Red meat, fish, poultry, lentils, beans, leaf
vegetables, tofu, chickpeas, black eyed peas, potatoes with skin
![Page 9: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Two Types of Iron Found in Foods
Heme Iron– This type of Iron is part of Hemoglobin and
Myoglobin– It is only found in animal based food products
Non-heme Iron– This type of Iron is not part of Hemoglobin
and Myoglobin– It is found in animal based foods and plant
based foods
![Page 10: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Heme and Non-Heme Iron Cont.
Heme Iron is more absorbable than non-heme Iron
Heme Iron and Vitamin C increase the absorbability factor of non-heme foods
![Page 11: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Recommended Dietary Intake Men 19 years and older 8 mg/day Women 19 to 50 18 mg/day Women 51 years and older 8 mg/day Iron consumption needs are high from ages
19 to 50 in women because of menstruation Pregnant Women 27 mg/day The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for 19
years and older is 45 mg/day for male and females
![Page 12: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Iron Overdose
Symptoms:– Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness,
confusion and rapid heartbeat If Iron toxicity is not reduced quickly
significant damage can occur to the heart, central nervous system, liver, and kidneys. Death could even be a result.
![Page 13: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hereditary Disease Hemochromatosis
– The body absorbs excessive amounts of dietary iron
– Accumulation of iron results in cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, heart attack, diabetes and arthritis
– Men have a higher risk of the disease Treatment
– Reducing dietary intake of Iron, avoiding high intake of Vitamin C and withdrawing blood
![Page 14: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Iron Deficiency
Anemia– The blood does not contain enough
Hemoglobin to transport oxygen to tissues in the body
– Symptoms:• Fatigue, pale skin, lowered immune system,
impaired cognitive and nerve function and impaired memory
![Page 15: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Anemia Treatment Iron supplementation Increase intake of Vitamin C Consume goats milk instead of cows milk Certain foods inhibit absorption of Iron so
these foods should be either avoided or consumed infrequently– Examples: vegetable proteins, calcium,
tannins, legumes, rice, oregano, red wine
![Page 16: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Facts
2/3rds of all Iron in body is in Hemoglobin
Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world
20% of all women of child rearing age are anemic
2% of men have anemia 75% of teenagers have anemia
![Page 17: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Zinc(Zn)
![Page 18: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Zinc Functions
Assists in the production of Hemoglobin Part of the antioxidant enzyme system
that fights against free radicals Assists in generating energy from
Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins Assists in activating Vitamin A in the
retina of the eye
![Page 19: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Zinc Functions Continued…
Also plays a role in facilitating the folding of proteins into biologically active molecules used in gene regulation
Critical for cell replication and normal growth Important for proper development and
functioning of the immune system Helps maintain sense of taste and smell Needed for DNA synthesis
![Page 20: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Food Sources for Iron
Zinc is not produced by the body so it must be consumed via food or supplementation
Good Sources of Zinc in food are:– Red meat, some seafood, beans, nuts,
whole grains, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, whole grains
![Page 21: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Recommended Dietary Intake
Men 19 and older 11 mg/day Women 19 and older 8 mg/day The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for 19
years and older is 40 mg/day for male and females
![Page 22: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Zinc Toxicity
Does not occur from eating high amounts of dietary zinc
Toxicity occurs from consuming supplements and fortified foods
Symptoms:– Intestinal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting,
loss of appetite, diarrhea, headache, lowered immune system, reduction in HDL and interferes with copper and iron absorption
![Page 23: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Zinc Deficiency
Uncommon in the U.S. Common in countries that consume
mostly grain based foods Symptoms:
– Growth retardation, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation and impotence, eye and skin lesions, hair loss, impaired appetite, increase in infections and illnesses and mental lethargy
![Page 24: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Zinc Deficiency Treatment
Zinc Supplementation Consuming foods high in Zinc
![Page 25: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Zinc Facts
30 to 50% of alcoholics are deficient in Zinc
You can purchase Zinc lozenges when sick which may reduce the length of a cold
![Page 26: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Copper(Cu)
A trace mineral that functions as a cofactor in many physiological reactions
![Page 27: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Copper functions in the body:
Cofactor in the metabolic pathways Increases production of collagen and
elasticity. Part of enzyme system that combats
free radicals. Regulates neurotransmitters important
to brain function
![Page 28: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dietary needs
Present in our bodies from conception, copper helps form a developing infant’s heart, skeletal and nervous systems, as well as arteries and blood vessels
Easy to obtain in a varied of diet Deficiency is rare Low dietary intakes of copper absorb
more copper than people with high dietary intakes
![Page 29: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Food Sources for Copper
Beef liver Oysters Lobster Shitake mushrooms Trail Mix Pork and Beans Cashew nuts Garbanzo Beans Lentils
![Page 30: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
RDA
RDA for men and women– 900 ug/day
UL– 10 mg/day
![Page 31: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Copper Deficiency
Occurs most commonly in infants Someone with a disorder that impairs
absorption of nutrients High intake of zinc or iron, can decrease
absorption of copper
![Page 32: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Symptoms Fatigue Bleeding under
the skin Damage to blood
vessels Enlarged heart
Diagnosis Based on
symptoms Blood tests that
detect low levels
-Copper
-Ceruplasmin
![Page 33: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Treatment of Deficiency
Copper works with potassium and calcium when patients do exhibit low copper levels, then calcium and potassium are frequently on the low side as well.
Taking a 3mg copper pill for one or two months, or less, is all that is needed for an adult to normalize any copper deficiency.
![Page 34: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Copper Excess
Any copper not bound to a protein is toxic
- Acidic food or beverages contaminated Consuming small amounts can cause -nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Consuming large amounts can cause -damage to the kidneys, inhibit urine
production, cause anemia, and even death
![Page 35: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Wilson’s disease
An inherited condition Causes the body to retain copper Copper is not excreted by the liver into
the bile If untreated, can lead to brain and liver
damage Studies find that those with mental
disorders have heightened levels of copper in their system
![Page 36: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Chromium(Cr)
A mineral humans require in trace amounts
![Page 37: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Chromium Functions in the Body:
Enhance the action of insulin Metabolism of glucose Thyroid function Hormonal balance Brain function
![Page 38: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dietary needs Chromium occurs naturally in the environment and
is an essential nutrient Widely distributed in food,
– most food supplies only 2mcg per serving To enhance the mineral’s absorption
– Vitamin C – Vitamin B
Once absorbed, it is stored in – Liver– soft tissue– spleen
![Page 39: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Food Sources for Chromium
Broccoli Turkey Grape Juice English Muffin Potatoes Garlic Red Wine Basil
Dairy products are poor sources
![Page 40: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
RDA Dietary intakes cannot be reliably determined
because the content of the mineral in foods is substantially affected by agricultural and manufacturing processes
Women– 25 mcg per day
Men– 35 mcg per day
50 to 200 micrograms has been proposed by the National Academy of Sciences.
![Page 41: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Chromium Deficiency
Causes1. Diets high in simple
sugars2. Infection3. Acute exercise4. Pregnancy and
lactation5. Stressful states
(physical trauma)
Results1. Inhibits the uptake
of glucose by the cells
2. Elevated blood lipid levels
![Page 42: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
To avoid deficiency
To Avoid Deficiency and Maintain a Good Intake of Chromium:
Avoid sugar and sugar products, soda pops, candy, and presweetened breakfast cereals.
Avoid refined, white flour products, such as white breads and crackers.
Use whole wheat products, wheat germ, and/or brewer's yeast.
Eat whole foods. Take a general supplement that contains
chromium, approximately 100-200mcg daily.
![Page 43: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
What are supplemental sources of chromium used for?
Type 2 diabetes and glucose intolerance
Lipid metabolism Body weight and composition
![Page 44: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fun Facts
Chromium & Copper: These two elements are the most important nutrients next to calcium and magnesium for their anti-inflammatory properties. They are considered essential to human health.
Chronically elevated copper levels in most patients may result from one-sided diets that lack co-factors, or from the fact that many copper-rich foods are somewhat addictive, such as cocoa/chocolate, coffee or tea
Tissue concentrations of chromium vary considerably in people from different parts of the world, people living in Asia for example being up to five times higher compared to those in people living in the United States.
-These higher chromium levels may be one reason for a lower incidence of diabetes or bone loss in these regions or countries.
![Page 45: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Selenium
![Page 46: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Function in Our Bodies Trace element nutrient Functions as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes
called glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductase
Helps regulate thyroid function Essential to good health Helps protect body from poisonous effects of heavy
metals Assists in making antioxidant enzymes, which
prevent cell damage Shown to improve production of sperm
![Page 47: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Cont’d Functions
Works with Vitamin E as an antioxidant to help prevent cancer and heart disease
Helps maintain elasticity in tissue Protects against cataracts and macular
degeneration Fights viral infections Helps in treatment and prevention of dandruff
![Page 48: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Is it Synthesized?
No, our bodies do not produce selenium We must obtain selenium in our diets
![Page 49: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Food Sources Plant foods are the richest dietary source The content in foods depends on the content of the
soil where the plants or animals were raised Animals that eat grains or plants grown in selenium
rich soil will have more selenium in their muscles Can be found in meats, seafood, nuts, cereals, fish,
eggs, bread, broccoli, dairy, fruit
![Page 50: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Cont’d Food Sources
![Page 51: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Daily Requirement
Age Males and Females
1-3y 20 micrograms/day
4-8y 30 micrograms/day
9-13y 40 micrograms/day
14-18y 55 micrograms/day
19+y 55 micrograms/day
![Page 52: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
DeficiencyThe following have been associated with selenium
deficiency: Keshan Disease, resulting in an enlarged heart and
poor heart functions Kashin-Beck Disease, resulting in osteoarthropathy Myxedematous Endemic Cretinism, which could
posentially result in mental retardation
![Page 53: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Fun Facts Selenium was discovered by Jons Jacob
Berzelius in 1817 in Stockholm, Sweeden Selenium is used in TV, cameras, and
photographic equipment From the Greek work “selene” which means
“moon”
![Page 54: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Iodine
![Page 55: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Functions in Our Bodies
Protein allows body to stabilize sugars Needed for metabolism of cells Maintain thyroid function Production of thyroid hormones The hormones regulate body
temperature, maintain resting metabolic rate and support production and growth
![Page 56: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Is it Synthesized?
No, our bodies do not produce iodine Even though we only require small
amounts, we must obtain it in our diet
![Page 57: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Food Sources
Saltwater foods have higher amounts of iodine, such as: kelp, saltwater fish, and shrimp
Iodized salt, white and whole-wheat breads made with iodized salt, milk, and dairy products
![Page 58: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Daily Requirement
Age
1-3y
4-6y
7-10y
11+y
Males and Females
70 micrograms/day90 micrograms/day120 micrograms/day150 micrograms/day
![Page 59: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
RDA Cont’d A ¼ Tsp. of iodized table salt provides
95 micrograms of iodine A 6-ounce portion of ocean fish contains 650
micrograms of iodine Most People are able to meet the RDA by
eating seafood, iodized salt, and plants grown in iodine-rich soil
![Page 60: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Deficiency
Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Slows down production of thyroid hormones, which leads to hypothyroidism. Some symptoms are:
-Decrease in body temperature
-Increase in weight
-Fatigue
-If pregnant, child is at risk of being born with cretinism
Cretinism, which is preventable mental retardation, will have stunted growth, deafness, and muteness
![Page 61: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Fun Facts
Originates from the Greek word “Iodes” meaning “violet”
There isn’t enough salt in the world to cover the continents 500 feet deep!
In the 1920’s iodine was added to American table salt to help prevent hypothyroidism
75% of the iodine we consume is in processed foods
![Page 62: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Bibliography
Thompson, Janice and Manore, Melinda; “Nutirition: An Applied Approach”; San Francisco, CA; Pearson Education Inc.; 2006
“Iron Deficiency Anemia”, Wikpedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-Deficiency_Anemia
“Iron”, Wikpedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron “Iron Deficiency”; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
August 26, 2006; http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/nutrition/nutrition_for_everyone/iron_deficiency/
“Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Iron”; Office of Dietary Supplements; July 26, 2005; http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/iron.asp
![Page 63: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Bibliography Continued
“Zinc”, Wikpedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc “Zinc”; Office of Dietary Supplements; December 9, 2002;
http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/cc/zinc.html
![Page 64: Trace Minerals and Phytochemicals Presentation By: Jennifer Lindsey Meagan Kahelia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649dab5503460f94a9a365/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/402/main.html Thompson, Janice and Manore, Melinda; “Nutirition: An Applied
Approach”; San Francisco, CA; Pearson Education Inc.; 2006 http://www.copper.org/health/homepage.html http://www.diagnose-me.com/cond/C595519.html