tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿ MISSION STATEMENTmarthoman.tv/georgianmirror/georgian.pdfChief Editor: 94468...

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 1

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

c£m-[n-Im-cn- A`n-: kJ-dn-bm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv

No^v FUn-‰¿^m. sI.‰n. ^nen∏v

FUn-‰¿ ]n. F. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿

amt\-PnwKv FUn-‰¿kPp kn. Um\n-tb¬

FIvkn-Iyq-óhv FUn-‰¿ ]n. hn. amXyp

t^mt´m FUn-‰¿ G_lmw Xc-I≥

am¿°-‰nwKv amt\-P¿ ]n. sF. _m_p

k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿ ]n. Fw. ]o‰¿

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv^m. Ipcym-t°mkv XÆn-t°m´v

^m. sska-¨ tPmk-^vs]m^. tXmakv ]n. h¿Kokv

tP°_v Um\n-tb¬ ]n.AUz. h¿Kokv ]n. tXma-kv

eoemΩ Ipcy≥

AssUz-kdn t_m¿Uv_m_p kn. tPm¿Pvkn.hn. _©-an≥

AUz. ]n.kn. Nmt°m]n.F. tPm¿Pv

kn.hn. tkmf-a≥im¥m tPmkv

sSIv\n-°¬ AssUz-k¿amXyq B≥Uqkv

Editorial Office:Georgian Mirror, St. George Orthodox Valiyapally

Palarivattom, Kochi-682 025Phone: 0484-2346096

e-mail: [email protected] Editor: 94468 41200,

Editor: P.A. Alexander, Responsible for selection of newsunder the PRB Act. Mob: 98475 44046

Marketing Manager: 94461 35081Circulation Manager: 94478 19048

Publisher: Jacob Danielfor The Managing Committee for St. George Orthodox Valiyapally,

Palarivattom, Kochi-682 025.e-mail: [email protected]

Church Website: www.sgovp.comPrinted at Viani Printings, Lisie Hospital Road,

Kochi-682 018. Phone: 0484-2401635

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿P\p-h-cn ˛ am¿®v 2009

]mem-cn-h w sk‚v tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb]≈n ]kn-≤o-I-cWw

]pkvXIw 1 e°w 1

D≈S°w1. FUnt‰mdnb¬ ...................................................................................................................................... 4

2. A\p-kva-cWw: kvt\l-Øns‚ aµ-lmkw $ tUm. h¿Kokv t]c-bn¬ ....................... 5

3. Ih¿tÃmdn ˛ Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXyw

Pb-ap≈ …o_m $ ]n.F. AeIvkm≠¿................................................................................... 6

4. Ih¿tÃmdn ô®-dp-Iƒ

Iq\≥Ipcn-in-s\-∏‰n Aev]w $ tUm. Fw. Ipcy≥ tXmakv ........................................... 14

B¿Øm‰v ]Sn-tbme $ ]n.sF. _m_p .................................................................................... 16

5. tamt\ \n\°p thZ-\nt®m...? $ ^m. h¿Kokv Nmt°m ..................................................... 17

6. Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in-bpsS ssIbn¬

$ ^m. aØmbn CS-b-\m¬ ............................................................................................................. 18

7. tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿ FIvkv¢q-kohv : Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn-˛ 2005 se Icm¿ ...... 19

8. bm®mcw sk. KntKm-dntbmkv _meKmw $ ^m. sI.‰n. ^nen∏v ................................. 20

9. PmeIw: Hcp -a-lm-flm-hns‚ Pohn-X-IY $ t]mƒ aW-en¬ ............................................ 21

10. hnizmk kXy-ßƒ: hn. Ip¿_m-\-bnse ]Xo-I-ßƒ

$ ]^. tXmakv ]n. h¿Kokv ....................................................................................................... 22

11. ka-Im-eo\ Nn¥-Iƒ: Cu Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkpIm¿s°-¥-dnbmw! $ ]n.hn. amXyp .... 24

12. he-`msK $ _l-\m≥ tXmakv ................................................................................................... 31

13. k`m-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ: tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn $ ^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥ .......... 32

14. Fw.Pn.-H.-kn.-F-kv.-Fw. iXm_vZn \nd-hn¬ $ tPm¨ h¿Kokv tamtfØv ................... 35

15. ]cn-Xy-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-ƒ $ AUz. A∂Ω Ipcy≥................................................................ 35

16. thZ-hn-Nmcw: ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v Zpcm-flmhv ]pd-s∏-Sptam?

$ ^m. tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv XÆn-t°m´v .................................................................................... 36

17. k`m hm¿Ø-Iƒ ................................................................................................................................ 37

18. `Zm-k\ hm¿Ø-Iƒ......................................................................................................................... 45

19. CS-hI hm¿Ø-Iƒ............................................................................................................................ 48

20. Georgian Kids ....................................................................................................................................... 50

21. hnhml, Nca hm¿Ø-Iƒ .............................................................................................................. 53

22. hntij Znhkßƒ, Bcm[\m kabw .................................................................................... 54

Ih¿®nXw:1653-˛se Iq\≥Ipcn-ip-kXyw (]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bnse kvIqƒ H^v tkIUv B¿ńep≈ NnXØn¬\n-∂v. NnX-sØ°pdn-®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ tUm. Fw. Ipcy≥ tXma-kns‚ teJ-\-Øn¬. t]Pv˛14)

MISSION STATEMENT

To fightfor the MOST

HOLY FAITHthat God has

once for allentrusted to

His Saints(St. Jude 3,20)

hnip-≤-∑m¿°vHcn-°-em-bn´v`c-ta¬]n-®n-cn-°p∂ AXn-hn-ip≤ hnizm-kØn\p th≠nt]mcmtS-

≠-Xn-\v(hn. bqZm 3,20)

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

2

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v

""btlmh \ns∂ F√m-bvt∏mgpw \S-Øp-Ibpw hc-≠-\n-e-Ønepw \ns‚ hni∏pAS-°n, \ns‚ Aÿn-Isf _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw; \o \\-hp≈ tXm´w t]msebpwsh≈w h‰nt∏mImØ \ocp-dh t]msebpw BIpw. \ns‚ k¥-Xn- ]p-cm-X-\-iq-\y-ßsf ]Wnbpw; Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn InS-°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-ßsf \o sIń-s∏m°pw;tISp-Xo¿°p-∂-h-s\∂pw IqSn-bn-cn-∏m≥ X°-hÆw ]mX-I-sf- b-Ym-ÿm-\-Øm-°p-∂-h-s\∂pw \n\°p t]¿]-d-bpw'' (sbiøm 58:11,12).

sbiøm 58˛mw A≤ymbw 8 apX¬ 14 hscbpff hmIy-ß-fn¬ km[p-P-\-tk-h\w sNøp-∂-h¿°p ssZhw \evIp∂ A\p-K-l-ß-fmWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

bYm¿∞ ssZh- -‡s‚ e£-W-ßƒ aq∂m-sW∂v tUm. ]usemkv am¿ KotKm-dn-sbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ ]e-t∏mgpw ]kw-Kn-®n- p-≈Xv Hm¿°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn¬ BZy-sØXv Bflo-b-Im-cy-ß-fmb ]m¿∞-\, t\mºv, D]-hm-kw, F∂n-h-bn-ep≈ \njvT-bm-Wv. c≠m-a-sØXv hn⁄m-\-Zm-l-am-Wv. GXp-hn-j-b-sØ-°p-d-n®pw Adn-bm\pw ]Tn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ AS-ßmØ XrjvW. aq∂m-a-sØXv km[p-P-\-tk-h-\-am-Wv. \n m-bnseam¿ KotKm-dn-sbm-kn-s\bpw ]cp-a-e-bnse am¿ KotKm-dn-sbm-kn-s\bpw DZm-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v Xncp-ta\n Cu Imcy-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂pw a\- n¬ Xßn-\n-evIp∂ Bi-b-ß-fm-Wv.

C∂v temIw AXn-thKw hf¿∂v Hcp sIm®p-K-am-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kuc-bp-Y-Øn-ep≈ CXc tKmf-ß-fn¬ t]mepw hmk-ap-d-∏n-°p-hm≥ XX-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Pohn-X-Ønse aqey-ßƒ ]eXpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-Xv Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Wv. BI-bm¬ Hcp Xncn-®p-h-chv C∂v A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. BtKm-f-hym-]-I-amb kmº-ØnI amµy-hpw kmaq-ln-I -kmw-kvIm-cnI taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ XI¿®bpw_p≤n-Po-hn-Isf Nn¥n-∏n-°p-Ibpw Dd°w sISp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂Xvhm¿Ømam≤y-a-ßƒ kkq£vaw \nco-£Ww sNøp-∂-h¿°v a\- n-em-Ipw.

sk‚ v t]mƒ ^nen-∏nb¿°p≈ teJ-\-Øn¬ ]I¿Øn-bn-´p≈ H∂p-c-≠m-i-b-ßƒ Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Bi -]-I-c-≠-Xm-Wv, ""XmgvN-bn¬ Ccn-°p-hm\pw kar-≤n-bn¬ Ccn-°p-hm\pw F\n-°-dnbmw; Xr]vX-\m-bn-cn-°p-hm\pw hni-∂n-cn-°p-hm\pw kar-≤n-bn¬ Ccn-°p-hm\pw _p≤n-ap- -\p- -hn-°p-hm\pw F√mw Rm≥ ioen-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs∂i‡-\m-°p-∂-h≥ apJm-¥cw Rm≥ kI-e-Øn\pw aXn-bm-Ip-∂p'' (^nen 4:12,13).

\mw Hcp ]pXn-b-h¿j-Øn-te°v Imse-SpØp hbv°p-I-bm-Wv. Ime-h-c-hns‚ KpW-tZm-j-ßƒ hnhn-th-Nn-°p-∂-h-cmWv A[nIw t]cpw. `mhn F¥pw Bbn-s°m-≈s´Fs‚ PohnXw k¿∆-i-‡-s‚-I-c-ß-fn¬ kpc-£n-X-amWv F∂ hnizm-khpwt_m≤yhpw \ΩpsS apJ-ap-Z-bm-I-Ww.

sk≥ Kpcp-°ƒ ]d-™n-´p≈ Hcp IS-¶Y i≤n-°mw: Hcp a\p-jy≥ Dd-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. DW¿∂p t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ Xm≥ Hcp henb Imń-e-I-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-I-≠p. Xs‚ Zp¿hn-[n-tbm¿Øv ZpxJn-®p-\n-ev°p-tºmƒ, CXm Hcp `b-¶-c-\mb ISp-hm-Xs‚ t\sc Nodn-]m-™p-h-cp-∂p. B a\p-jy≥ Poh\pw sImt≠mSn. ISp-hm- ]n-∂m-sebpw. Abmƒ Hcp InW-‰-n¬ FSp-Øp-Nm-Sn. InW-‰ns‚ h°n¬ \n∂v Hcp ac-Øns‚thcv InW-‰-n-te°v Xqßn-In-S-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IjvSn®v AXn¬ ]nSn-In-ń. AXn¬Xqßn-]n-Sn®p InS-∏m-bn. At∏mƒ InW-dn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂v Hcp oI-c-i-_vZw. Hcp henb]mºv hmbpw Xpd∂v Xs∂ hngpßp-hm≥ ImØp-In-S-°p-∂-Xp-I≠v Abmƒ \Sp-ßn.apI-fn¬ ISphm Xot]msebp≈ IÆp-Ifpw ITm-c-t]m-se-bp≈ Zw„-ßfpw ImWn-®p-sIm≠v D®-Øn¬ Ae-dm≥ XpS-ßn. CXn\pw ]pdsa Idp∏pw shfp∏pw \nd-ap≈cs≠-en-Iƒ amdn amdn-h∂v Abm-ƒ ]nSn®v Xqßn-In-S-°p∂ thcv Ic-≠p-ap-dn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

B ka-bØv InW‰-cn-Inep≈ Hcp ac-Øns‚ sImºn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ tX\o-®-°q-ń¬ \n∂pw Hcp Xp≈n tX≥ B a\p-jys‚ Np≠n¬ hoWp Abmƒ AXv IuXp-I-tØmSpIqSn \pW-®n-d-°n-s°m-≠p-]-d™p: ""lm! F¥p-c-k-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.''

Kpcp-°ƒ \evIp∂ hymJym\w i≤n®v Cu Ipdn-am\w D]-kw-K-ln-°mw. kwkm-c-amWv h\w. ]mcm-_v[-amWv ISp-h. cmXn-bmWv IdpØ Fen. ]I-emWv shfpØFen. ac-W-amWv ]mºv. Pohn-X- Im-a-\-bmWv tX≥.

Chn-sS-bmWv sk‚ v t]mfns‚ kam-izm-kØns‚ ]k-‡n. ""Fs∂- i-‡-\m-°p-∂-h≥ apJm-¥ncw Rm≥ kI-e-Øn\pw aXn-bm-Ip-∂p.''

ssZh-]-cn-]m-e\ \nd™ ]pXp-h-’cw t\cp-∂p.

]pXp-h-’-c-Nn-¥-Iƒ

FUnt‰mdnb¬

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

A`n. Xncp-ta-\n-am¿°v tPm¿Pn-b≥anddns‚ P∑-Zn-\m-iw-k-Iƒ

A`n. K_n-tb¬ am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkvXn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw `Zm-k-\w

s^_p. 10

A`n. amXyqkv am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkvI-≠-\mSv shÃv `Zm-k\w /

]. kp∂-l-tZmkv skI-´-dn

s^_p. 12

A`n. ]utemkv am¿ ]t°m-an-tbmkvam-th-en-°c `Zm-k-\w

P\p-hcn 26

A`n. bqlm-t\m≥ am¿Intkm-Ã-tamkv\n-cWw `Zm-k-\w

P\p-hcn 7

k v t\l]q¿∆w ,

^nen∏®≥

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 3

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

kvt\l-Øns‚ aµ-lmkw(]. _t -en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m

_mhm-bpsS aq∂mw Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mƒ P\p-hcn 26˛\v.)

tUm. h¿Kokv t]c-bn¬, ASq¿

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ X¶-en-]n-

I-fm¬ BteJ\w sNø-s∏-Sm-hp-∂Xpw

`mc-X-Øn-\-IØpw ]pdØpw Dff \m\m-

PmXn aX-ÿ¿ BZ-c-thmsS t\m°n-°-≠n-

cp∂Xpamb ]. _t en-tbmkv am¿-

tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m

_mhm Xncp-ta-\n-sb-°p-dn®p A\p-kva-cW

teJ\w FgpXp∂-Xn¬ AXn -bmb

Po-hn®v Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb Bflob Hu∂-

XysØ ]m]n® Akm-[m-cW hy‡n-Xz-

Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n. kz¥w

hnizm-k-Øns‚ Zm¿Vy-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂pw

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS i‡n. ]m¿∞-\bpw hn\-

bhpw CXp-t]mse ka-\z-bn-∏n-°phm≥

km[n® kmXznI tbmKn hcy-∑m¿ hnc-f-

am-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°v B

Hm¿Ω F∂pw a[pcw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

Xm≥ G‰-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ IrXy-k-a-bØv

FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn\v `£-Wtam ]m¿∞-

\tbm Hcp XS- -am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F√m- bma

]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Imdn¬ Ccp-∂p-Xs∂ \S-

Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. imco-cnI £oWw hnip≤

I¿Ω-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw Hcn-

A\p-kva-cWw

]. _t en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXo-

b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm (1991˛2006)

kt¥mjw D≠v. Bflob

\t`maWvU-e-Ønse sh≈n \£-

X-am-bn-cp∂ ]. ]nXm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v

At±-l-Øn-s‚ aq∂mw Nc-a-hm¿jn-

IØnt\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v Hm¿Ω ]pXp-

°p∂ \nßsf A`n-\-µn-°p-∂p.

NI-hmf koa-I-fn¬ kqcy-tX-

P v t]mse ]tim-`n®v \n∂n-cp∂

B tPymXn¿tKmfw 2006 P\p-hcn

26\v \sΩ hn´p-]n-cn-™p-t]m-bn.

ssZhnI ssNX\yw X∂n¬°q-

Snbpw Xs‚ k`-bn¬°q-Snbpw a‰-p-

≈-h¿°v Im´n-s°m-SpØ ]pWym-

flm-hm-bn-cp∂p ]. _mhm. Xs‚

Ffn-abpw PohnX hnip-≤nbpw

A¿∏-W-t_m -[ -tØm -sS -bp≈

]h¿Ø-\hpw sIm≠v \m\m-PmXn

aX-ÿ¿°v At±lw ]nb-s∏- -h-\m-

bncp∂p.

]. _mhm D÷ze hmIvt[m-c-

Wn-bp-sS DS-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]kwKw

XpSßn 10 an\n v Ign-bp-tºm-tg°pw

B hmtNm-hn-emkw BI¿j-Ihpw

A\¿K-fhpw BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \h-Xn-bn¬

FØn-bn´pw ]uV-kp-µ-c-am-bn-cp∂p B

i_vZ-am-[pcyw. At±-l-Øns‚ Bflob

hN-\-ßƒ lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Nnc-

kva-c-Wo-b-ßfpw ]tbm-K-hn-ti-j-ßfpw

\¿Ω-c-khpw tN¿Øp≈ At±-l-Øns‚

hmIvNm-Xpcn h¿Æ-\m-Xo-X-amWv. ]kw-

K-Øn¬ At±lw Btcbpw CIgvØn ]d-

bm-dn-√. adn®v A`n-\-µ-\-ß-fpsS ]qs®≠v

h¿jn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

XnI®pw km[m-cW kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬

P\n®v uXoI ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf-sb√mw AXn-

°epw At±-lsØ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®n-cp-

∂n-√. ]. ]nXmhv Bcw-`n® hnZym-

`ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ hgn Bbnc-°-

W-°n\v IpSpw-_-ßƒ k\m-Y-am-bn.

Hcp a\p-jym-bp-kp-sIm≠v t\Sn-sb-

Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xn-e-[nIw ÿm]-\-ßƒ

At±lw ÿm]n®p. ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS

Aw_m-kn-U-dm-bn-cp∂p At±lw.

hntZ-i-cmPyßfn¬ CX amXw

k©mcw \S-Øn-bp≈ Hcp Xncp-

ta\nbpt≠m F∂v kwi-b-am-Wv.

h¿§o-bX \rØ-am-Sp-hm≥ XpS-ßnb

\ne-bv°¬ ]iv\-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-

Ibpw aX-ku-lm¿±w Du´n-D-d-∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

arXyp-hns\ sNdp-°m≥ ChnsS

Dt]-£n® B [\y-amb ss]Xr-

IsØ ImØp kq£n -°m\pw

At±lw F¥n-\p -th≠n Pohn -

®pthm B e£y-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cp-

hm\pw \ap°v ian-°mw. kz¿§-

Øns‚ AXyp-∂X knwlmk-\-ß-

fn¬ ssZhw Xºp-cms\ CS-X-S-hn-

√msX kvXpXn-°p∂ km-t∏-∑m-cp-sSbpw tImt_-∑m-cp-sSbpw \nc-bn¬ Ccn-

°p∂ ].-]n-Xmhv ]m]n-I-fmb \ap-°p-th-

≠nbpw a-≤y-ÿX A¿∏n-°s´!

("kvt\l-Øns‚ aµ-lmkw' F∂-t]-

cn¬ ]. amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS

Poh-N-cnXw cNn-®n-´p≈ teJ-I≥ ASq¿

sk. kndn¬kv tImtfPn¬ Ncn-X-hn-`mKw

Xe-h-\m-Wv. a‰p ]pkvX-I-ßƒ : ae-¶c

k`m Pzme-Iƒ' , ìThe Oath of CoonanCross.î)

a

]m¿∞\ F∂Xv _mey-Ønse D’m-

lhpw bu∆-\-Ønse Bi-bhpw hm¿≤-

Iy-Ønse kam-[m-\hpw F∂ ]. ]cp-a-e-

Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS D]-tZiw At±-l-Øn\v

am¿§-Zo-]-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]m¿∞-\-bn-√mØ

]hrØnbpw ]hrØn-bn-√mØ ]m¿∞-

\bpw A¿∞cln-X-am-sW∂v At±lw

hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. tami-bpsS t\Xr-Xz ]m-

Shhpw Al-tcms‚ ]utcm-ln-Xy-ssi-

enbpw A_-lm-ans‚ A\p-k-c-W-io-ehpw

ka-\z-bn-®n-cp∂ hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂ ].

_mhm.

4

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


""k¥-Xn-bp≈ Imew hsc am¿tØmΩm

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ tdmam hnizmkw kzoI-

cn-°p-Itbm am¿]m-∏-bpsS A[n-Im-c-

Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-Ip-Itbm sNøp-I-bn-√.''

Iq-\≥ Ipcniv kXyw, 1653 P\p-hcn 3.

c£m-ÿm-\-amb Iqin¬ ]q¿∆-]n-Xm-

°≥am¿ `b-`-‡n-]q¿∆w sNbvX kXy-]-

Xn-⁄-bn¬ kzmX-t¥y-—bpw kap-Zm-b-

kvt\-l-hp-ap≈ Bcpw tcmam©w sIm≈m-

Xn-cn-°n-√, tZi-kvt\-l-ap≈ GsXm-cp-

h\pw A`n-am\w tXm∂m-Xn-cn-°n-√, kXym-

t\z-jn-bmb GsXmcp ssIkvX-h\pw

am¿§-Z¿i\w e`n-°m-sX-bp-an-cn-°n-√.

25000 \km-Wn-Iƒ ]m›m-Xy-cpsS

AXn-tam-l-Øn\pw ASn-a-Xz-Øn\pw FXn-

cmbn a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ Ipcniv kXyw sNbv

Xn´v 355 h¿j-ßƒ Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu

kXyw Db¿Ønb sImSp-¶m‰v C∂pw ian-

®n- n√!

kXyw sNbvX-h-cpsS Xe-ap-d-Iƒ ho≠pw

hntZ-i-kzm-[o-\-ßƒ°v hgn-s∏ v ae-¶-c-k-

`bv°p ho≠pw apdn-th¬]n-®p. ]q¿∆o-I-cpsS

kXy-Øns‚ B≤ym-flo-I-X°pw A¥-

n\pw Ipd-hp-h-cp-Øn. Ipcn-ins‚ kXysØ

l\n-°p∂ Ak-Xy-ßfpw ]N-cn-∏n-®p. Ah

-k-c-hm-Z-]-c-ambn hntZin-b-cp-ambn tNcp-∂-

Xn\v Ah¿ «olm ÿm]n® k`sb H‰p-sIm-

SpØp, mc-X-a-Æn-t\mSpw h©\ ImWn-®p.

F∂m¬ kXyw Hcn-°epw acn-°n-√,

kXyw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬°pw!

tXmΩm-«o-lm-bm¬ ÿm]n-X-amb mc-

X-k-`-bpsS a°ƒ H∂c kl-km_vZw

kzmX-¥y-tØmsS Pohn® aÆn¬ Xs∂

hntZ-io-b¿s°-Xn-sc Hcp kzmX-¥y-kXyw

sNtø≠n h∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv?

Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXy-Øn-te°v Hcp

kXym-t\z-jWw

bqtdm-∏n¬ \ns∂mcp IS¬am¿§w

hnP-b-\-Kcw: Ncn-X-Øn¬ Ah-km-

\sØ lnµp-km-am-Pyw; ]uV-amb X-e-

ÿm-\-K-cn-bpsS t]cn¬Xs∂ hnfn-°-s∏´

kmam-Pyw, tdmam-\-K-chpw tdmam kmam-

Pyhpw t]mse. Zn√n tIµ-am°n cn® ap…ow

NI-h¿Øn-am¿ lnµp-cm-Pm-°-∑msc Im¬-

Pb-ap≈ kvfo_m]n.F. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿

°o-gm-°n-b-t∏m-gpw c≠v \q‰m≠v Imew hnP-

-b-\-Kcw hntZi BI-an-I-tfmSv sNdp-Øp-

\n-∂p. sU°m≥ ka-Xe ]tZ-iØv Irjv-

Wm-\-Zn°v sX°p apX¬ I\ym-Ip-am-cn- hsc

sXs° C¥y ]q¿Æ-ambn hnP-b-\-K-c-

Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Nne \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑msc ]mf-b-°m-c¿

(fortress holder) F∂ t]cn¬ hnP-b-\-K-c-

Øn\p Iogn¬ `cWw \S-Øn-s°m-≈m≥

A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂p.

F.-Un. 1336-˛¬ ÿm]n-X-amb hnP-b-\-

Kcw al-Xz-Øns‚ D∂-Xn-bn¬ \n¬°p∂

Ime-ØmWv bqtdm-∏n¬\n∂v C¥y-bn-

te°v t\cn´v Hcp IS¬am¿Kw Is≠-Øm-

\p≈ Xoh-i-a-ßƒ t]m¿´p-K-en¬ \S-°p-

∂-Xv. AXy¥w kml-knI-amb B kapZ-

bm-X-bpsS ZuXyw t]m¿´p-Kokv cmPm-hmb

am\p-h¬ G¬]n-®Xv ]`p-Ip-e-Pm-X-\mb

hmkvtIm U Kmasb BWv. \n›-b-Zm¿Vy

hpw ssÿcyhpw IqS-∏n-d-∏mb Kma Xm≥

I¬]n-°p-∂Xv a‰p-≈-h¿ A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm-

kwL-Øns‚ Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Im-c≥ tJZ-

]q¿∆w tcJ-s∏-SpØnbn-cn-°p∂p. ""\nßƒ

sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp cmPm-hn\v kΩm-

\n-°m≥ ]‰n-b-X-√. sa°-bn¬ \nt∂m C¥y-

bpsS as‰-hn-sS-\nt∂m hcp∂ Hcp ]mh-s∏´

hym]mcn t]mepw CXnepw anI® kΩm-\-

ßƒ BWv sIm≠p-h-cm-dp-≈-Xv. \nßƒ

kΩm\w sIm≠p-h-cp-s∂-¶n¬ AXv s]m∂p

sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-hWw'' DtZym-K-ÿ≥ ]d-™-

Xmbn Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Im-c≥ temKv_p-°n¬

XpS¿∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

t]m¿´p-Kokv cmPm-hns‚ IØp-t]mepw

BZy IqSn-°m-gvN-bn¬ kmaq-Xncn hmßn-

bn-√. kwkvIm-c-Ønepw ]cn-jvIm-c-Ønepw

Xß-sf-°mfpw hfsc anI-®p-\n∂ Hcp

cmPyØv Kmabpw Iq´cpw kzmKXw sNøs∏-

SmØ AXn-Yn-I-fm-bn. ]n∂o-Sp≈ kµ¿i-

\-ß-fnepw A\p-`hw adn-®m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Kma hcp-∂-Xn\v A≥]Xv h¿j-ßƒ°v

apºv t]¿jy-bnse cmPm-hns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-

bmbn A_vZpƒ d m°v Fs∂m-cmƒ hnP-

ambn _‘w ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-bmWv

Rßƒ h∂Xv'', \hm-K-X¿ ]d-™p.

Xe-h-\mb Kma A\p-N-c-cp-ambn tImgn-

t°m v cmPm-hmb kmaq-Xn-cnsb apJw ImWn-

°m-s\-Øn. cmPm-hn\v ImgvN-sh-°m≥

sIm≠p-h-∂n-´p≈ kΩm-\-ßƒ sIm´mcw

DtZym-K-ÿ¿ ]cn-tim-[n-®p. ""kΩm-\-ßƒ

I≠v Ah¿ ]p—n®p ]cn-l-kn-®p'' ]cy-S\

b-\-Kcw kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂p. hnP-b-\-K-c-Øn\v

300 Xpd-ap-J-ß-fp-s≠∂pw Ah-sbm∂p

Np‰n-b-Sn-°m≥ aq∂p amkw th≠n-h-cp-sa-

∂p-ap≈ Adnhv d m-°ns\ sR´n-°m≥

t]mcp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. hnP-b-\-Kc kmam-Py-

Øn\v I∏w sImSp-Øn-cp∂ tIhew Hcp

"]mf-b-°m-c¿' Bbn-cp∂ kmaq-Xn-cn-sb∂

\m´p-cm-Pm-hns‚ apºn-emWv bqtdm-∏n¬

-I-h¿ tÃmdn

≈Ww F∂ ]am-W-ap-

≈-bm-fm-Wv. Ctßm´p

tNmZyw tNmZn-°p-∂Xv

Kma-°n-jvS-a-√.

1498 tabv 20 Rmb-dmgvN

(sIm√w 673 CShw 9). tIm

gn-t°m-´p-\n∂v sXt°m´v

ao≥]n-Sn-°m≥ t]mb Nne

ap°p-h-cmWv \mep I∏-

ep-Iƒ ]Sn-™m-dp-Zn-°n¬

\n∂p-h∂v ]¥-em-b\n sIm

√Øv \¶qcw CSp-∂Xv

I≠-Xv. hnNn-X-th-j-[m-

cn-I-fmb \hm-K-X-scbpw

Ah-cpsS I∏-ep-Ifpw Im

Wm≥ Bfp-Iƒ IqSn-\n-

∂p. ""ChnsS \n∂pw kpK

-‘-Z-hy-ßƒ hmßp-∂-

Xn\pw InkvXym-\n-I-fp-

t]m¿´p-K-en¬ \n∂v ae-_m¿Xo-c-tØ°v:Kma-bpsS I∏¬am¿Kw

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 5

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

\n∂v t\cn-s -Ønb "[oc-\mb' \mhn-I\v Xe

-Ip-\nt°≠n h∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Xcw-t]mse

Xe-Ip-\n-°m\pw Xe-sIm-øm\pw ioen-®n- p-

≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Kmabpw Iqćpw! hne Ipd

™ Nne B`-c-W-ßƒ hne-]n-Sn-®-h-bm-

sW∂ ań¬ hnev°m≥ ian® Ip‰-Øn\v

Kmabv°p Iptd-\mƒ Pbn-en¬ InS-t°≠n

h∂p (iin Xcq¿, C¥y A¿≤-cmXn

apX¬ Ac-\q-‰m-≠v).

kmaq-Xn-cn-bn¬\n∂v ]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb

bmsXm∂pw e`n-°msX BK-Ãn¬ Kma

tImgn-t°mSv hn´p. F∂m¬ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS

FXn-cm-fn-bmb tIme-Øncn cmPmhv IÆq-

cn¬ Kma°p th≠ hmWn-Py-ku-I-cy-ßƒ

\¬In. 1498 \hw-_-dn¬ IÆq-cn¬\n∂v

]pd-s∏´v 1499 th\¬°m-eØv enkv_-

Wn¬ (t]m¿´p-K-ens‚ Xe-ÿm-\w) FØn-

t®¿∂p. ]cy-S-\-Øn\v Nne-hm-b-Xns‚ 60

aSßv Nc-°p-I-fp-am-bn- m-bn-cp∂p Kma-bpsS

hchv! t]m¿´p-K-en¬ \n∂v KmatbmsSm∏w

]pd-s∏´ 170 t]cn¬ Poh-t\msS aS-ßn-sb

Øn-bXv 54 t]¿ amXw. hotcm-Nn-X-amb kzo

I-c-W-amWv Kma°v t]m¿´p-K-en¬ e`n-®-Xv.

bqtdm-∏n¬\n-∂v C¥y-bn-te-°p≈

IS¬am¿§w Is≠-Øn-b-tXmsS mc-Xob

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hntZi ASn-a-Øhpw

Bcw- n-°p-I-bmbn!

anj-\-dn-am-cpsS hchv

Kma-°p-tijw 1500 am¿®n¬ s]sUm

A¬hm-cokv I_mens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

1500 t]sc t]m¿´p-Kokv cmPmhv C¥y-bn-

te°v Ab-®p. ^m-≥kn-kvI≥ kaq-l-

Øn¬s]´ anj-\-dn-amcpw Ah-cpsS Iq´-

Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. I_m¬ kztZ-iØv

Xncn-s®-Øp-∂-Xn\v apºp-Xs∂ Pmthm

Umt\m-h-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ aq∂m-a-

sXmcp ]cy-S-\-kwLw t]m¿´p-K-en¬\n∂v

C¥y-bn-te°v Xncn -®p-I-gn -™n-cp -∂p.

I_m-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tImgn-t°m´v

FØnb kwLw Ad-_n-I-fp-ambn kwL¿-

j-Øn-em-bn. Ad-_n-°-∏-ep-Iƒ ]nSn-s®-

SpØv Bfp-Isf Iq´-tØmsS sIms∂m-Sp-

°n-b-Xn\v ]Xn-Im-c-ambn \m´p-Im¿ ]Ip-

Xn-bn-e-[nIw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Imsc h[n-®p.

I_m¬ ]n∂oSv sIm®n-bn-emWv hym]mcw

\S-Øn-b-Xv.

I_m-en-\p-≠mb ]cm-P-b-Øn\v ]Xn-

Imcw sNøm≥ am\p-h¬ cmPmhv 15 I∏-ep-

Ifpw 800 Bfp-I-fp-ap≈ as‰mcp kwLsØ

hmkvtIm U Kma-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ 1502

s^_p-h-cn-bn¬ C¥y-bn-te-°-b-®p. ap…o-

ßsf tImgn-t°mSv \K-c-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-

Øm-°-W-sa∂v Kma kmaq-Xn-cn-tbmSv Bh-

iy-s∏-´p. kmaq-Xncn \nckn-®p. t]m¿´p-Ko-

kp-Im¿ tImgn-t°mSv BI-an®v I-∏-ep-Iƒ

1502-˛¬ Fgn-a-e-°-SpØv Kma Imńb

IqcX sl¿Ω≥ Kp≠¿´v "tIcf∏ga'

bn¬ Xs‚ `mj-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cn-°p-∂Xv C]-Im-c-amWv:

a°-Ø-\n∂v hcp∂ henb I∏¬ I≠p.

AXn¬ 300 Nnezm\w l÷n-Iƒ D≠v. Bb

-h¿ Bh-Xn√ F∂p I≠-t∏mƒ Poh-c-£

°pth≠n s]m∂pw I∏epw a‰pw ]d™p

sImSp-Øp. F∂Xp tI´m-sdbpw Kma t]mcm

F∂p I¬∏n-®-t∏mƒ F√m am∏n-≈-am-

am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS am¿§hpw hgn-]mSpwae-¶c kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Isf tdmam-°m-cm-°p-∂-Xn\v ae-bm-f-°-c-bn¬ cwK-

]-thiw sNbvX t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿°v Z¿in-°m≥ Ign-™Xv am¿tØm-Ωm-In-kvXym-

\n-Iƒ°v Xß-fpsS ]nXm-hmb tXmam-«o-lm-tbm-Sp≈ ‡nbpw Iqdp-am-Wv. 15 \q‰m-

≠p-Iƒ Xe-apd Xe-apd ssIam-dn-sb-Ønb Cu hnizm-k-Zo]w thK-Øn¬ X√n-sI-Sp-

Øm-\m-hn-s√∂v ]d-¶n-Iƒ°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

I¿Øm-hns‚ `mjtbm ]oem-tØm-kns‚ `mjtbm?

\km-Wn-I-fpsS c‡-Øn¬ IqSn Hgp-In-bn-cp∂ I¿Øm-hns‚ `mj-bmb kpdn-

bm-\n°v ]Icw ]oem-tØm-kns‚ `mj Hgp-°pI kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n°v Nn¥n-

°mt\ km≤y-am-bn-c-p∂n-√. Ncn-X-Im-c\pw ]fin-X-\p-amb io[-c-ta-t\m≥ Cß-

s\-bmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv:

kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn-ep≈ Ip¿_m-\-bmWv tIc-fob InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬

BZy-Imew apX¬t° ]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ InkvXym-

\n-Isf (sk‚ v tXmakv InkvXym-\n-Iƒ) kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂p

hnfn-®p-t]m-∂-Xv, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ah¿ kpdn-bm\n mj-bn¬ Ip¿_m\ kzoI-cn-

®-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ `mj-bm-bn-cp∂ Acam-bn-°ns‚ Hcp ]mtZ-inI imJ-

bmWv kpdn-bm-\n. AXv t]¿jy≥ ssIkvX-h-k-`-bpsS mj-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. F.-

Un. 6˛mw iXIw apX¬ 16-˛mw iX-Iw-hsc Cu t]¿jy≥ k`-bpsS sshZnI-amb

ta¬t\m-´-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p tIc-fob ssIkvX-h-k-`. BI-bm¬ kpdn-bm-\n-`mj

tIc-f-k- -bpsS hnip-≤- m-j-bm-bn-Øo-cpI tIhew kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. (F. io[c

-ta-t\m≥, t]Pv 109, tIcf Ncn-Xw, Un.-kn. _pIvkv)

]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw I∏¬ tPmen-°m-cpsS

ssIbpw ImXpw aq°pw tOZn®v ]Xn-Imcw

\S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv Kma-bpsS

hym]m-c-_‘w sIm®n-bp-am-bn-´m-hp-Ibpw

sIm®nbpw tImgn-t°mSpw XΩn¬ Hcp bp≤-

Øn-\p≈ If-sam-cp-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

IqSp-X¬ ImØp-\n¬°msX Kma oa-amb

Nc-°p-ambn sIm®n hn´p.

C°m-eØv ^m≥knkvtIm A¬_p-

°¿°v, ^m≥knkvtIm A¬taU XpS-

ßnb t]m¿´p-Kokv Xe-h-∑m-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-

Øn¬ \mhn-I-tk-\-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn-se-Øn-

t®¿∂p. 1524- ¬ ho≠pw hmkvtIm- U Kma

C¥y-bnse c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbnh∂p. ]t£

aq∂p-amkw amX-amWv Kma°v `cn-°m≥

km[n-®-Xv. 1524 Unkw-_¿ 24-˛\v Kma

sIm®n-bn¬ sh®v A¥-cn-®p.

Iqc-k-ap-Z-]Xn

Kma c≠m-aXv tImgn-t°m-t´°v Ab-°-

s∏-´-t∏mƒ (1502) kmaq-Xn-cnsb in£n-°-

W-sa∂pw ap…o-ßsf tImgn-t°m-´p-\n∂v

HmSn-®p-I-f-b-W-sa∂pw am\p-h¬ cmPmhv

]tXyIw \njvI¿jn-®n-cp-∂p. Kma°v

"lnµp-k-ap-Z-]Xn' F∂ ÿm\hpw \¬In.

IS¬s°m-≈-°m-cpsS ssien-bm-bn-

cp∂p t]m¿´p-Kokv \mhn-I-cp-tS-Xv. \ncm-bp-

[-cmb I®-h-S-°-∏-ep-Isf sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-

∂-Xn\pw ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah¿ aSn-

®n-cp-∂n-√. IqcX-bpsS apJw: hmkvtIm U Kma

6

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


cnepw [\w Gdnb sPmhm¿ ]°n: "Rm≥

ank-kp¬Øm≥ tImgn-t°m-´-°-b® ZqX-

\m-Ip-∂p. Ct∏mƒ £an-®m¬ Rm≥ 20 Znh-

k-Øn-\Iw 20 I∏¬ sIm≈p∂ Nc°

F√mw hcpØn Ipdhp IqSmsX Ib-‰n-s°m-

Sp°mw; Xmaq-Xn-cn-tbmSv CW-°hpw hcp

Ømw' F∂p sNm∂Xpw hy¿∞-am-bn. Kma

I∏-en-ep≈ s]m∂pw Bbp-[-ßfpw Np°m

\pw FSpØp ]ns∂ t\¿®-]-Imcw 20 am∏n-

≈-Ip- n-Isf enkvs_m≥ ]≈n-bn¬ kw\ym

-kn-I-fm°n hf¿tØ-≠-Xn∂p sXc-s™-

SpØp; l÷n-Isf I∏-ens‚ D≈n¬

AS®p Xos°m-Sp-°bpw sNbvXp. ]mW- -

b-Øm¬ Ah¿ ]ns∂bpw Ib-dn-h∂p I∏-

ens‚ ASn-bn-ep≈ I√p-Isf Fdn™p

XSp-Øpw- sIm≠p Xos°m-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ,

kvXoIƒ Ic™p \ne-hn-fn®p s]m∂pw

cXv\-ßfpw Ip™n-Ip-ń-I-sfbpw s]m¥n-

®p-Imń £a At]-£n-®Xp Iqc-k-ap-Z-

]Xn sNhn-s°m-≠n-√. Ccp- m-bm-sd, s]m¿

Øp-K¬ I∏-ep-Iƒ 20- w B l÷n-I-∏se

hf-™p-sIm≠p cmXn apgp-h\pw A≈

apl-ΩX F∂ hnfn tI´p-sIm≠p I∏¬

°m¿ ]ecpw Icp-W-Im-t´Ww F∂v hnNm-

cn®pw sIm≠n-cp-∂p. shfp-°p-tºmƒ 1502

A‡. 3. Xn¶. ]S XpSßn 3 cmhpw ]Iepw

hnSmsX \S-∂p. HSp-hn¬ Xos°m-fp-Øn-

bmsd, tijn-®p-≈-h¿ NmSn \o¥n tXmWn-

Isf BI-an®p Hcp-Ø\pw sX‰msX

s]mcpXp acn-°bpw sNbvXp.

Cu Akp-c-I¿Ωw tI´m-sd, ae-bm-fn-

Iƒ ]d¶n \mahpw InkvX-th-Z-tØbpw

Hcp-t]mse \nc-kn® ]I-∏m≥ XpS-ßn.

FX henb A]-am\w BWv InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ°v D≠m-bXv F∂v Kp≠¿ńs‚

hm°p-I-fn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Wv. "Rm≥ tImgn-

t°m´p ]I-ho´pw aptº Ic-°n-d-ßp-I-bn√'

F∂mWv Kma-tbmSv kwkm-cn-°m≥ IS¬-

°-c-bn-se-Ønb tIme-Øn-cn-tbmSv Kma ]d-

™-Xv.

hmkvtIm U Kma-sb∂ t]m¿´p-Kokv

\mhn-Is\ ]‰n hneyw temK≥ kwK-ln-®n-

cn -°p-∂-Xnßs\bmWv: U Kma-bpsS

sNbvXn-Iƒ a\p-jy-cq]w [cn® Hcp ]nim-

Nn-t‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AtX-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-°m-

Xn-cn-°p-I-bmWv t`Zw.

]d-¶n-Iƒ ]nSn-ap-dp-°p∂p

t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ tIc-f-Øn-se-Øp-

tºmƒ \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑m¿ ]c-kv]cw a’-

cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]d-¶n-I-

fpsS hchv Imcy-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ hj-fm-°p-

I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ]kn≤ mjm Ncn-X-Im-

c-\mb F≥. IrjvW-]n≈ ssIc-fn-bpsS

IY-bn¬ Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn -

°p∂p: "apºv tIcfw I≠ hntZ-iob hWn-

°p-I-sf-t∏mse Bbn-cp -∂n√ Ah¿.

Gjybpw B^n-°bpw C¥ymalm-k-ap-

Zhpw t]m∏n¬ \n∂pw Xosd-gpXn hmßn-

®pw, tXm°pw ]oc-¶n-bp-ta-¥nbpw h∂ B

I®-h-S-kw-L-Øns‚ tamlw hym]-c-

Øns‚ AXn-cp-Iƒ Ihn™p kmam-Py-

ÿm-]-\-e-£y-tØmfw hnI-kn-®p. sNdp-

InS cmPm-°-∑msc ]Ww sImSpØpw a‰pw

]oWn-∏n®p hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-

bn-cp∂p D∂w.

]I-t]m-°-en-\mbn F¥p \oN-amb

]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xn\pw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-

Im¿°v ssha\kyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 1564-

˛¬ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ Ah-cpsS IÆq¿

t°m-´-bn¬ D]-tcm-[-Øn-\n-c-bmbn F¶n

epw BI-aWw ]cm-P-b-s∏- p. \m´p-Imsc

Hcp ]mTw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p \mev]-Xn-\m-

bncw sXßp-Iƒ Xe ßpw hneßpw shń-

bn´p F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂Xv (a-e-_m¿ am-

\z¬). ]d-¶n-I-fpsS b-¶-c-X-I-sf-]‰n Ir

jvW-]n≈ XpS-cp∂p: t`Z-s∏´ Bfp-Isf

]nSn-IqSn Imepw ssIbpw hcn-™p-sIń I∏-

ep-I-fn¬ Ib‰n adp-\m-Sp-I-fn¬ sIm≠p-

t]mbn ASn-a-I-fm°n hnev°p-I, I∏-ep-I-

fn¬ FØn Xoc-]-tZ-i-ß-fnse sXßp-Iƒ

Acn-™p-X-≈p-I, \n¿_-‘n®p aXw am‰p-

I, t£X-ßƒ [zwkn-°p-I, A¥¿P-\-

ßsf ]nSn-®p-sIm≠p t]mIp-I, \ºq-Xn-cn-

am-cpsS sNhn apdn®v If-™n´v ]Icw ]ń-

s®hn Xp∂n-t®¿°p-I- C-ßs\ t]mIp∂p

F¥pw Np´pI-f-bm≥ ssIøn¬ tXm°p-≠m-

bn-cp∂ ]d-¶n-I-fpsS ]cn-]m-Sn. ae-_m-dn¬

kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS ]n≥Xp-W-tbmsS C…mw

aXw hym]n®p XpS-ßn-b-Xp-t]mse a≤y-tI-

c-f-Øn¬ t]m¿´p-Kokv anj-\-dn-am-cpsS

]h¿-Ø\w \nanØw Iq´w-Iq-´-am-bn- P-\-

ßƒ InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-®p.

t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS aX-]-c-amb \bw

k¶p-Nn-Xhpw kwkvIm-c-iq-\y-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

a\- m-£n°v bmsXmcp thZ-\-bp-an-√mØ

] hrØn-Iƒ ImcWw Ah¿ NXn-b-∑mcpw

hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-Ø-hcpw F∂ \ne-

bn¬ Ip]kn≤n t\Sn.

sIm®n, sImSp-ß-√q¿, sIm√w apX-emb

Xpd-apJ ]´-W-ß-fn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp∂ \m´p

InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSp ]Ø≥]Xp h¿j-

tØ°v kJyw mhn-®n-cp∂ ]d-¶n-Iƒ F.-

Un. 1550-˛-\-SpØv Ah-cpsS Imev ae-bm-f-

cm-PyØv Dd-s®∂v I≠-t∏mƒ am¿§]-N-

cWw kw_-‘n-®p≈ \bw hyXym-k-s∏-

Sp-Øn-Øp-S-ßn. kmaw, Zm\w, t`Zw, Zfiw

F∂ NXp-cp-]m-b-ßƒ kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS

t\sc H∂n\p ]pdsI H∂mbn Ah¿ ]

tbm-Kn-®p. Ah-cpsS hnP-b-Øns‚ clkyw

][m-\-ambn Ah-cpsS hmfn-s‚bpw ]W-

Øn-s‚bpw i‡n-am-X-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-

bm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ Xc-an-√. (d-h. tUm. kn.-C.

G_-lmw, k`m-N-cn-X-kw-K-lw).

kpdn-bm-\n- `mj GXm-s≠m-c-`nim]w

t]mse-bm-bn-cp∂p t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿°v.

tdmanse t]m∏ns‚ B[n-]Xyw ÿm]n-°p-

Ibpw kpdn-bm\n ]m¿∞-\-bpsS ÿm\

Øv tdma≥ ItØm-en-°m-a-X-Øns‚ eØo≥

FÆbpw sh≈hpw Htc ]mX-

Øn¬ Bbn F¶nepw Ah IqSn-°-e¿-

∂n-√. AXn\v _ns´m-sb-tbm, Km¿kn-

b-sb-tbm, Koh¿Kokv A¿°-Zn-bmt°m

-s\-tbm, tXmakv A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m-s\

tbm Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm-\n-√. XΩn¬ bmsXm

cp ASp-∏hpw kmay-hp-an-√mØ c≠p

kwkvIm-c-ßsf _ew ]tbm-Kn®v

H∂m-°m-\mWv tdmam-k` apXn¿ ∂-Xv.

AXp hnP-bn-®n-√. Aßs\ tN¿∂-h¿

C∂pw, \m\qdp A™qdp h¿j-ßƒ

Ign-™n´pw ]gb tdmam-°m-cn¬ ebn-

®p-t]m-bn-ń-√. c≠pw GIo-`-hn-®n-ń-√.

Ah-cpsS kwkvIm-c-ßƒ XΩn¬

C∂pw Nne-t∏mtgm Nne-bn-S-ß-fntem

s]mcp-Ø-an-√mØ Ahÿ ]Xy-£

s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

* * *

ae-¶-c-bnse t]¿jy≥ Ipcn-ip-

t]m-semcp Ipcniv 1547-˛¬ ssaem-∏q-

cn¬ ]d-¶n-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-®p. Ah¿ B

Ipcniv 1551-˛¬ ssa-em-∏q¿ ae-bnse

]≈n-bn¬ _en-]o-T-Øns‚ ]n≥`m-KØp

ÿm]n-®p. ]Z¿i-\-hn-Zy-bn¬ hnZ-Kv[-

∑m-cm-bn-cp∂ Ah-tcm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\w-

sIm≠v F∂-h-Æw, B Ipcniv A¤p-

X-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bcw- n-°m≥ hfsc

sshIn-bn√! 1557 Unkw-_¿ 18-˛mw Xo

bXn B Ipcn-in¬\n∂p c‡w ]\®p

XpS-ßn-t]mepw! ]n∂oSv AXv B≠p-

tXmdpw D≈ Hcp ]Xn-hm-bn-Øo¿∂-

Xmbpw ]d-¶n-Iƒ ]Jym-]\w sNbvXp.

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv \S-Ønb

sa\- nkv saXm≥, B Ipcn-in¬\n∂v

c‡w ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ Unkw-_¿ 18-˛mw

Xobn s]cp-∂m-fmbn BtLm-jn-°p-∂-

Xn\v B⁄ \¬In. B¿`m-S-]q¿∆w

s]cp-∂mƒ \S-Øn. P\-ßƒ Ccºn

ASp-Øp. ]≈n°pw sshZn--I¿°pw \√

BZmbw Inń. ]t£ CXv A[n-I-Imew

\o≠p-\n-∂n-√. ]d-¶n-I-fpsS ipI-Zi

Ah-km-\n-°m-d-b-t∏m-tgbv°v Ipcn-

in¬\n∂p c‡w ]pd-s∏-Sm-Xm-bn. s]cp-

∂m-fns‚ tImem-l-ehpw AkvX-an-®p.

- Z.M. ]mtd´v

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 7

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

]m¿∞\ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI

Xß-fpsS I¿ØhyamsW∂v Ah¿ hniz-

kn-®p. eØo≥ ]m¿∞-\m-Iaw ]N-cn-∏n-

°m-\p≈ kPo-h-]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ Ah¿

apgpIn (F. io[-c-ta-t\m≥, tIc-f-N-cn-Xw).

eØo≥ Bcm-[-\-Iaw kzoI-cn-®-h¿-

°pw lnµp-a-X-Øn¬ \n∂v aXw amdn-b-

h¿°p-ambn 1557-˛¬ sIm®n cq]X ÿm]n-

°-s∏-´p. Pkyq´v ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb sk‚ v

^m≥knkv tkhy¿ Xoc-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬

anj-\dn ]h¿Ø\w \SØn [mcmfw

t]sc eØo≥ k`-bn¬ tN¿Øn-cp-∂p.

Iog-S-ßn-bn-s√-¶n¬ _e-]-tbmKw

A∂v kap-Z-ß-fpsS \mY-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂

]d-¶n-Iƒ \km-Wn-I-fpsS cmPyØv ]mZw

Du∂nb \nanjw apX¬ Ah-cpsS i‡n

ae-_m-dn¬ Dd-∏n-°p-I-bpw, hyh-km-b-im-

e-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw hym]mcw ssIb-S-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ F√mw ]m›m-Xy-

cpsS AXn-tam-l-Øns‚ \mi-k-ºq¿Æ-amb

Bhmkw \km-Wn-I-fpsS kam-[m-\-]q¿Æ-

-amb cmPysØ If-¶-s∏-SpØn F∂mWv Hcp

Ncn-X-Im-c≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

ae-¶c InkvXym-\n-Isf ]m›m-Xy-

h¬°-cn®v tdman\v ]q¿Æ hnt[-b-am-°p-

∂-Xn-\p≈ ia-ßƒ Du¿÷n-X-ambn \S-

s∂-¶nepw Dt±-in-®X ew I≠n-√. Xßƒ

tIń-ń-√mØ BNm-c-ß-tfmSpw `mj-tbm-

Spw kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v shdp-∏m-

Wv tXm∂n-b-Xv.

"]m∏m F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv BcmWv?

Rßƒ B t]cp tIń-ń-√t√m' F∂mWv

]≈n-Iƒ ]m∏m-bpsS hI-bm-sW-∂p≈

IY BZyw tI -t∏mƒ ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ

]d-™-Xv. (Christian Research in Asia, P.105).

]≈n-Ifn¬ ]Xn-a-Iƒ sh°Wsa-∂m-

h-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, "Rßƒ InkvXym-\n-I-

fmWv hnK-lm-cm-[-\-°m-c√' F∂pw Ah¿

Xpd∂p ]d™p (Gibbons Vol.5, Page 55).

F∂m¬ InkvXym-\n-sb-¶n¬ tdmans‚

Iogn-em-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw ]m›m-Xy-a-√mØ

Hcp ssIkvX-h-k- bpw \ne-\n¬°m≥ ]mSn-

√-sb∂pw ]d-¶n-Iƒ°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-cp-∂p.

\kmWn bphm-°-∑msc eØo≥ ]Tn-

∏n®v sshZo-I-cmbn tdma≥ ItØm-en-°m-

k-`-bn¬ \nb-an-®m¬ Imcy-ßƒ Ffp-∏-am-

Ip-sa∂v tKmh saXm≥ Ab® ^m≥kn-

kvI≥ ]mXn-cn-bmb hn≥sk‚n\v tXm∂n.

apºv \km-Wn-tI-µ-ß-fn¬ hn≥k‚ v \S-

Ønb ]kw-K-ßƒ sIm≠v ]tbm-P\w

D≠m-bn-√. Aßs\ InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS

Xd-hm-Smb sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ Hcp skan-\mcn

ÿm]n-®p. hn. ^m≥knkv tkhy¿ Cu

skan-\mcn kµ¿in® ImeØv \qdn-e-[nIw

\kmWn bphm-°ƒ AhnsS ]T\w \S-

Øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ kXy-hnizm-

kw Dt]-£n®v ]´-ta-‰-hsc kzoI-cn-°m≥

\kmWn kaqlw Xøm-dm-bn-√. hnNn-X-thjw

[cn®p h∂-hsc ]≈n-I-fn¬ Ib-‰n-b-Xp-an-√.

kpdn-bm\n Dt]-£n-®Xp Imc-W-amWv

DZyaw ]cm-P-b-s∏- Xv F∂v a\- n-em-°nb

Pkyq- p-Iƒ AS-hp-am-‰n. Hcp ]pXnb skan-

\mcn hbv]n≥tIm-´-bn¬ (tN-µ-aw-K-ew)

ÿm]n-X-am-bn. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v kpdn-

bm\n mjbpw \kmWn IØm-\m¿am-cpsS

thjhpw \n¿_-‘-am-°n. F∂m¬ ]q¿∆-

]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS BNm-c-ßƒ Xnc-kvI-cn-°-

W-sa∂ Kpcp-°-∑m-cpsS D]-tZiw bph-

ssh-Zn-I¿ sNhn-s°m-≠n-√-.

_e-]-tbmKw sIm≠p-am-Xta C\nbpw

ae-¶c \km-Wn-Isf tdman\p Iogn¬

sIm≠p-h-cm≥ Ignbq F∂v t\Xr-Xz-Øn\v

t_m[yw h∂p.

Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ _ew-]-tbm-Kn®pw

kpdn-bm-\n-°msc tdma≥ ItØm-en-°-cm-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[n-Imcw s¢a‚ v F´m-a≥

am¿]m-∏-bn¬\n∂v hmßn, tKmh≥ B¿®v-

_n-j-∏mbn \nb-an-°-s∏´ Ae-Ivkntbm

Un sa\- nkv F.-Un. 1599 P\p-hcn 26-˛mw

XobXn sIm®n Xpd-ap-JØv h∂p-tN¿∂p.

F¶nepw Ic-bn¬ Cd-ßn-bXv s^_p-hcn

H∂n-\m-bn-cp-∂p. sIm®n Kh¿Wdpw sIm®n

_nj∏pw AS-ßp∂ P\-°q- -Øns‚ kzoI-

c-Whpw hmßn-bmWv alm-\mb AXnYn

sIm®n-bn¬ Imep-Ip-Øn-b-Xv.

ae-¶-c-bn¬ Bflob tImf-\n-hmgvN

1594-˛¬ tKmh B¿®p-_n-j-∏mbn \nb-

an-X-\m-Ip-tºmƒ sa\- nkn\v tIhew 35

hb v amX-amWv ]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

kvs]bn-\nse nen∏v c≠m-as‚ sIm´mcw

D]-tZ-i-I-\m-bn-cp∂ At±lw ]`p-Ip-Spw

_PmX\pw sIm´m-c-Po-hn-Xw-sIm≠v Xt‚Sw

e`n-®-h-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. XS- -ßƒ Xń-am‰n

e£y-Øn-se-Øm≥ F¥pam¿Kw ]tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw Du¿÷-kz-e-\mb sa\- nkv

ka¿∞-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

ae-¶c kµ¿in®v \km-Wn-Isf tdma-

k-`-bp-ambn tbmPn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v s¢a‚ v

F´m-a≥ am¿]m∏ 1595 s^_p-hcn 27-˛\v

sa\- n-kn\v A[n-Im-c-]Xw sImSp-Øp.

sa\- nkv sIm®n cmPm-hns\ kµ¿-

in®v A[n-Im-chpw òj-Wnbpw tN¿∂

kzc-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw ]Xn-\m-bncw

]qh-cm-l≥ kΩm-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXtXmsS

sIm®n-cm-Pmhv At±-l-Øn\v kzbw G¬]n

®p sImSpØ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn. sNdnb cmPm-

°-∑mscbpw CtX X¥-Øn¬ sa\- nkv

\njv]-bmkw Iog-S-°n. ]d¶n \mhn-I∏S

ssk\oI A`ym-k-ßƒ ]Z¿in-∏n-®p-

sIm≠v Ad-_n-°-S-en¬ hnl-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp-∂p. \km-Wn-Iƒ°v F∂pw XpW-bm-

bn-cp∂ A[n-Im-cn-h¿§w apgp-h≥ ]d-¶n-I-

tfmSv tNcp-Ibpw F√m-hcpw sa\- n-kn\v

Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn-∏m≥ hnfw-_cw ]kn≤s∏Sp-

Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ifw X\n-°-\p-Iqe-

am°n _ew h¿≤n-∏n-®-tijw \km-Wn-I-

fpsS Xe-h-\mb Koh¿Kokv A¿°Znbm-

t°ms\ sa\- nkv IqSn-°m-gv-N°v £Wn-

®p. CS-h-I- k-µ¿i-\-Øn\v Xm≥ ]pd-s∏-

Sp-tºmƒ A¿°Zn-bm-t°m≥ IqsS-bp-≠m-

I-W-sa∂pw sa\- nkv Bh-iy-s∏-´p.

A¿°-Z-nbm-t°m≥ ssha-\-ky-tØmsS

kΩ-Xn-®p-sh-¶nepw ]n∂oSv Hgn-™p-am-dn.

CXn-\n-S-bn¬ kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ A¶-am-

en-bn¬ h®p-Iq-Snb Hcp kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬

tdmam-k- -bpsS D]-tZ-i-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I-

tbm ]m∏m-bpsS A[n-Imcw kΩ-Xn®p

sImSp-°tbm sNøp-∂-X-s√∂p sFI-I-

WvtTy\ Hcp Xocp-am\w ]m m-°n. sa\-

n-kn-t\mSp [oc-ambn FXn¿°-W-sa∂pw

Ah¿ Dd-®p. sIm®n cmPm-hns\ ]mńem-

°n-bn-cp∂ sa\- nkv cmPm-hn-s\-sIm≠v

Koh¿Kokv A¿°-Znbm-t°ms\ AdÃp

sNøp-∂-Xn\v Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p.

cmPm-hns‚ A\p-hmZw hmßn sa\-

nkv X\nsb CS-h-I-fn¬ t]mbn tdma

k`-bpsS amlmflyw h¿Æn®pw bqtdm-

∏ns‚ ]Xm-]-sØ-∏‰n ]pI-gvØnbpw ]´w

sImSp-Øp. ]ap-J¿°v kz¿Æ-\m-W-b-ßƒ

kΩm-\n®pw IqZm-i-Iƒ \S-Ønbpw tcmKn-

I-fpsS h-\-ßƒ kµ¿in®pw aq∂p amkw

sIm≠v H´p-h-fsc t]sc- tdm-am-]-£-Øm-

°n. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v 38 t]¿-

°pw ]d-hq¿ ]≈n-bn¬ sh®v 50 t]¿°pw

IØ-\m¿ ]´w sImSpØv ASpØp \S-

°m≥ t]mIp∂ kp∂-l-tZm-kn\v `qcn-

]£w kºm-Zn-®p.

tKmh-bnse Ip]-kn-≤-amb C≥Izn-kn-

js‚ (a-X-tZmlhnNm-cW tImS-Xn) ]nSn-

bn¬ AI-s∏-SpØpw F∂pw oj-Wn-bp-≠m-

b-t∏mƒ kap-Zm-bsØ H‰p sImSp-°m≥

Xøm-dm-Im™ Koh¿Kokv A¿°-Zn-bm-

t°m≥ t_m[-c-ln-X-\mbn \new-]-Xn®p

F∂v sUbv ]d-bp∂p (Land of PerumalsP. 230). AX Iqchpw ss]im-Nn-I-hp-am-

bn-cp∂p t]mepw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS aX-

tZm-l-t°m-S-Xn. ]´-ta-‰-h¿ sa\- n-kn-

t\mSp tN¿∂p. KXy-¥-c-an-√msX sa\- n-

kns‚ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ]Imcw kp∂-l-tZmkv

hnfn-®p-Iq- p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DS-º-Sn-bn¬ A¿°-

Zn-bm-t°m≥ H∏p-sh-®p. am¿]m-∏-bm-Wv

k`m-X-e-h-s\∂pw ]m∏m Ab-°p-∂-h¿ amX-

ta BNm-cy-∑m-cm-bn-cn-°mhq F∂pw a‰pw

hyh-ÿ-I-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A¿°-Zn-bm-

8

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


t°m\v H∏v sh°p-∂-Xn-\mbn DS-º-Sn-bpsS

\°¬ AS-ßnb Ih-dn¬ sIm®n-bn-sebpw

Be-ßm-s´bpw cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS Iev]-\-

Iƒ IqSn sa\- nkv AS°w sNbv-Xn-cp-∂p.

1599 Pq¨ 20-˛\v DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ F∂

ÿeØv sh®v kp∂-l-tZmkv IqSp-∂-

Xmbn Adn-bn®v AXn-te°v F√m ]≈n-I-

sfbpw £Wn-®p-sIm≠v sa\- nkpw

A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m\pw H∏p-sh® Iev]-\-Iƒ

Ab-®p. GsX-¶nepw ]≈n-°m¿ kp∂-l-

tZm-kns\ Ah-K-Wn®v ]Xn-]p-cp-j-∑msc

Ab-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Aß-s\-bp≈ ]≈n-I-

fpsS apX¬ k¿°m-cn-te°v I≠p-sI- p-∂-

Xm-sW-∂p≈ DØ-chpw sIm®n cmPmhv

]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p.

Aßs\ FXn¿∏p-I-sf-sb√mw X®p-S®v

k` ÿm]n-®Xp apX¬ 15 \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ

kzX-¥-cm-bn-cp∂ am¿tØmΩ InkvXym-

\n-Isf tdmam -\p-I-Øn≥ Iogn-em°n ]m›m

Xy k`-bm°n am‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ e÷m-I-c-

amb kp∂-l-tZm-kn-\p≈ If-sam-cp-ßn.

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv

Pq¨ 20 apX¬ 26 hsc ktΩ-fn® kp∂-

l-tZm-kn¬ 153 sshZn-Icpw 660 (671?) P\-

]-Xn-[n-\n-Ifpw kw_-‘n® ktΩf\-

Øn¬ 200 (267?) Imt\m-\p-Iƒ sa\- nkv

AwKo-I-cn-∏n-®p. tdmam k`bv°v A\p-Iq-

e-amb \n›-b-ßƒ apgp-h≥ ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS

ta¬ sIń-sh®v tXmam-«ol ÿm]n® mc-

X-k-`sb eØo≥ k`-bm°n am‰n. hnizm-

kw, Bcm-[-\m-I-aw, ]mc-º-cyw, kwkvIm-

cw, kmaq-lym-Nm-c-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw

]pXnb Imt\m-\p-Iƒ ]Imcw ]m›m-Xy-

am-°n-Øo¿Øp. CXbpw A]-am-\-I-c-amb

Hcp kp∂-l-tZmkv temI ssIkvXh Ncn-

X-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-ń-√.

am¿tØmΩm InkvXym -\n -Iƒtdmam-k-`-bn¬

DZ-bw-t]-cq-cnse "hnP-b-I-c-amb' kp∂-

l-tZm-tkm-Sp-IqSn 15 \q‰m≠v ]mc-º-cy-ap≈

am¿tØmΩm InkvXym-\n-Iƒ H∂mbn

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS `mK-am-bn-

Øo¿∂p. I¿Øm-hns‚ injy≥ k` ÿm-

]n® \mƒ apX¬ BN-cn-®p-h∂ ]mc-º-cy-

ßƒ bqtdm-]y≥ ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ°v hgn-am-

dn. I¿Øm-hns‚ mjbpw ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw

Dt]-£n-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-am-bn. hy`n-Nmcw

aqe-a-√msX `mcysb Dt]-£n-°p-∂-h≥

sNøp-∂Xv hy`n-Nm-c-amWv F∂v Acp-fn-

s®bvX I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w ]Tn-∏n-°p∂

]ptcm-ln-X¿°v mcy-amsc \n¿±bw Dt]-£n-

t°≠n h∂p. hnip-≤-ambn Icp-X-s∏- n-cp∂

]m¿∞-\m-K-Ÿ-ßfpw a‰p hninjvS hkv

Xp-°fpw A·n-°n-c-bm-°n-s°m≠v sa\-

knkv kwlm-c-Xm-fi-h-am-Sn. tZhm-e-b-

ßƒ tXmdpw kµ¿in-®p-sIm≠v sa\- nkv

]≈n-Iƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn Iog-S-°n.

A[nIw sshIm-sX-Xs∂ ae-¶c \km-

Wn-Iƒ ]cn-]m-h-\-ambn Icp-Xnb Ipcn-ins‚

ÿm\Øv tæ—-hn-K-l-ßfpw ÿm\w ]nSn-

®p. CsX-∏‰n kt¥m-jmXn-tc-I-Øm¬

_nj]v tdmkv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ßs\:

"GXm\pw h¿j-ßƒ°p-apºv \ΩpsS amXm-

hns‚ Hcp ]Xna Rm≥ ImWn-®-t∏mƒ Ch-

cn¬ ]ecpw IÆp-s]m-Øp-I-bpw, Rßƒ

InkvXym-\n-I-fm-Wv, hnK-l-ßsf Bcm-[n-

°p-∂-h-c-√, B hrØn-sI´ km[\w sIm-

≠p-t]m-IWw F∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp

(Gouveaís Jornada, quoted in 'Christianity inTravancoreí) I¿Øm-hmb tbip Xºp-cm≥

Pdp-k-te-an¬ ]th-in-®-t∏mƒ Hmim\

]mSn kzoI-cn-®-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp∂p sa\-

n-kn\v ]≈n-I-fn¬ kzoI-cWw Hcp-°n-bn-

cp-∂Xv F∂v Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]d-hq¿, ]meq¿ XpS-

ßnb Nne ]≈n-I-fn¬ sa\- n-kn\v FXn¿-

∏p-I-fp-≠m-bn.

°v Hcp saXms\ ]m∏m Ab®pXcpw. Ah≥

\nßsf hgn \S-Øpw'', ]≈n-tbm-K-ß-fn¬

sa\- nkv hnizm-kn-Isf Adn-bn-®p.

Xm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ ZuXyw hnP-b-

I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n sa\- nkv Ah-km-

\-ambn sIm®n cmPm-hn-s\- I≠v At±lw

InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂v D]-tZ-

in-®n-´mWv aS-ßn-bXv! Xs‚ ssPX-bmX

]q¿Øn-bm°n 1599 \hw-_¿ 16-˛\v tKmh-

bn¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Hcp ]d¶n kz]v\w

£a \in®v Hcp ]d¶n Ncn-X-Im-c≥

Hcn-°¬ Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp∂p:

Cu k` (\-km-Wn-I-fpsS k`) \qdp h¿

j-°mew ]d-¶n-I-fpsS kao-]Øp Ign-™n-

´pw, AXns\ tdmam-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ sIm≠p-

h-cm-Xn-cp-∂Xv \mWw-sI´ G¿∏mSv Xs∂-

bm-Wv. tKmh _nj-∏ns‚ Iäp-ºn¬ sh®m

Wv Cßs\ kw -hn-®Xv F∂Xv Imcyw IqSp-

X¬ hj-fm-°p-∂p. InkvXp tZhm-e-b-

Øn¬ \n∂v ASn®p ]pd-Øp-Nm-Sn® I®-h-

1599- ¬ DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv \S∂ ÿeØv \ne-hn-ep≈ ]≈n

]meq¿ ]≈n-bnse kzoI-c-W-th-f-bn¬

B¿®v_n-j∏v sa\ nkns\ sRń-®p-I-

f™ Hcp kw`hw D≠m-bn. hn. Ipcym-t°m-

kv kl-Zm-bpsS \m-a-Øn-ep≈ ]≈n-bn¬

sa\- n-kn\v Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp ]l-

k\w Hcp-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ t]jn-X-th-

ebpsS ê-amb ae-¶-c-k-`m a°sf hn.

]tXm-kv «olm Xń-sb-Sp-ØXmbn Bt£-

]n®v hn. tXmΩm-«o-lmbpw ]tXmkv «olm

bpw XΩn¬ X¿°w \S-∂p. HSp-hn¬ X¿°-

]-cn-lm-c-Øn\v hn. Ipcym-t°mkv kl-Zm-

bpsS a≤yÿX Ah¿ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

c≠p «ol-∑m-cp-sSbpw hni-Zo-I-cWw tI -

tijw Ipcym-t°mkv klZm hn[n-sb-gpXn:

""ae-¶c k`m a°ƒ tXmΩm-«o-lmbv°v

Ah-Im-i-s∏- -Xm-Wv. ]tXmkv «olm Xs‚

t]jn-X-th-e-bpsS êw sIm≠v Xr]vXn-

s∏-Sp-I.'' Cu \mSIw I≠v "ss]im-NnIw'

F∂mWv sa\- nkv hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. ""\nßƒ

S-°m¿ ]-d-¶n-I-sf

t]mep-≈-h¿ Bbn-

cp∂p F∂-XmWv

]c-am¿∞w (am-\p-

h¬ sZ ^mdn-bm:

Gjy, t]m¿Øp-

Kokm Vol III).

Kma tIc-f-Øn¬

Imep-IpØn 101 h¿

jw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-

b-t∏mƒ ]d¶n Ncn-

X-Im-cs‚ kz]v\w

km£m-Xv°-cn-°-

s∏- p.

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv icn°p \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠

t]cW \¬In-s°m≠v s¢sa‚ v F´m-a≥

am¿]m∏ 1599 G]n¬ 1˛\v Hcp _yqfm sa\-

n -kn\v Fgp -Xp -I-bp -≠m-bn. F√mw

]q¿Øo-I-cn®v tKmh-bn¬ Xncn-sI-sb-Øn-

b-ti-j-am-bn-cn°mw B Iev]\ sa\- n-

kn\v e`n-®-Xv. Xs‚ hnP-b-Øn\v A`n-\-

µ\ km£y-am-bn-´mWv sa\- nkv AXv

IW-°m-°n-b-Xv.

DZbwt]cq-cn¬ sa\- n-kns‚ hew

ssIbm-bn-cp∂ ^m≥knkv tdmkv 1601 P\p

-hcn 25-˛mw XobXn tKmh-bn¬ h®v saXm-

\mbn hmgn-°-s∏- p. "ae-¶c saXm\m'bn

\nb-an-°-s∏´ tdmkv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn® ]iv\-

ßƒ hfsc Kuc-h-ta-dn-b-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬

am¿]m-∏-bpsS ]tXyI i≤ th≠n-bn-cp-∂p.

""_m_n--tem-Wn¬ \n∂-√msX Hcp saXm

s\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ \km-Wn-Isf kΩ-Xn-

∏n-®Xv hf-sc-b-[nIw ]bm-k-s∏-´m-Wv.

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 9

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

AXp-sIm≠v Bcw-`-Øn¬, ]m∏m ]pXnb

_nj-∏n\v ]tXyI B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ \¬

tI-≠-Xm-Wv. AXn¬\n∂v ]m∏m-bpsS kvt\

l-Øns‚ Bgw Ah¿ a\- n-em-°-Ww...

Ahn-SpsØ sshZn-Icpw \n¿≤-\-cm-Wv.

AXp-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS ]≈n-I-fn¬ ]Xn-

a-Iƒ C√... hØn-°m-\n¬\n∂p ]≈n D]-

I-c-W-ßfpw cq]-ßfpw ˛ ]g-b-Xm-bmepw

th≠n√ Ab®p sImSp-°-Ww... Aßs\

Ah¿ ItØm-en°m k -bn¬ A\p-k-cn®v

`‡n-tbmsS Dd-®p-\n¬°m≥ klm-bn-°-

Ww...' (Jesuits in Malabar, Vol I, pp. 292, 293)

]c-tZin saXm-\mb tdmkv ae-¶-c-sb

Øn `cWw XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS A¿°-Zn-bm-

t°ms‚ A[n-Imcw IqSn Ih¿s∂-Sp-Øp.

apºv _m_n-tem-Wn¬ \n∂v h∂n-cp∂

saXm-∑m¿ Bflo-Im-[n-Im-chpw A¿°-Zn-

bm-t°m-∑m¿ euInI Imcy-ßfpw t\m°p-

I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. "euIoI A[n-Im-c-

an-s√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ F¥v A[n-Imcw?' F∂

tdma≥ coXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p _nj∏v tdmkn-\pw.

A]-am-\n-X-\mb Koh¿Kokv A¿°-Zn-bm-

t°m≥ CXn-s\-Xnsc s]mcpXp-hm-\p-d-®p.

\kmWn i‡n-tI-µ-amb A¶-am-en-bn¬

XpS-cp-∂Xv ]¥n-b-s√∂v a\- n-em-°nb

saXm≥ ae-¶-c-bpsS Bÿm\w sImSp-ß-

√q¿°v am‰n. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ apºv

kzX¥ k`-bm-bn-cp∂ ae-¶-csb ]q¿Æ

hntZi \nb-¥-W-Øn-\mbn tKmh-bpsS

Iogn-ep≈ Hcp saXm-k-\-am°n am‰n. CXv

A`n-am-\n-I-fmb \km-Wn-Isf Gsd Ip]n-

X-cm-°n.

tdmam-°m-tcmSv a\- p-sIm≠v tbmPn-

°m-Xn-cp∂ \km-Wn-Ifpw IØ-\m¿amcpw

(hn-ti-jn®v `mcy-amsc \jvS-s∏-´-h¿)

A¿°-Zn-bmt°ms\ A\p-Iq-en-®p. ]m›m-

Xy-cpsS Zln-°mØ hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßfpw

tdmam \pIhpw ]pXnb saXms‚ c-Whpw

Ah¿°v Ak-l-\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-

\m¬ cl-ky-ambn Hcp saXms\ _m_n-

tem-Wn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v \km-Wn-

Iƒ ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. tdma-°msc

as‰mcp PmXn-bmbn FÆp-Ibpw IqSn-°-e-

cp-hm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahn-

izmkn F∂v apZ-IpØn A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m-

s\-]‰n aX-tZm-l-t°m-S-Xn°v _nj]v

tdmkv ]cmXn Ab-®p. _nj∏v tdmkv 1622

Unkw-_-dn¬ Fgp-Xnb Hcp- I-Øn¬

Cßs\ ImWp-∂p... Cu I≈s‚ IY Ign-

°m≥ sIm®n-cm-Pm-hn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´-

t∏mƒ Abmƒ Hcp `fim-c-am-sW-∂m-bn-

cp∂p cmPm-hns‚ adp-]-Sn....

_nj]v tdmkv 1624 s^_p-hcn 16-˛mw

XobXn A¥-cn-®p. XpS¿∂p eØo≥ saXm-

\mb Ão^≥ _nt´m ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂p.

ae-¶-c-bn¬ \thm-∞m\w

Koh¿Kokv A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m≥ 1637-˛¬

A¥-cn-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_-Ønse

tXmakv F∂ sshZn-I≥ A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m-

\m-bn. _m_n-tem-Wn¬\n∂v klmbw e`n-

°p-sa∂pw Fs∂-¶nepw Hcp saXm≥ Ahn-

sS-\n∂pw FØn-t®-cp-sa∂pw \km-Wn-Iƒ

Bin®p sIm≠n-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-th≠n

bmX-°m¿ ssIhiw km≤y-am-bn-cp-∂-t∏m-

sgms° IØp-Ifpw Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

B hgnsb Hcp sshZn-I-s\bpw IS-Øn-hn-

S-cp-sX-∂p≈ \n¿t±iw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿

t]¿jy≥ Dƒ°-S¬ (Persian Gulf) ]tZ-i-

Øp≈ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°v I¿i\ \n¿t±iw

\¬In-bn-cp-∂p.

sX∂ ]tXyI \n_-‘-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn XmXv

°m-enI saXm-\mbn tXmΩm A¿°-Zn-bm-

t°ms\ \nb-an-®p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p

Cu Iev]-\. AXn≥]-Imcw A\-¥-c-\-S-

]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Btem-Nn-

°p-∂-Xn\v ]≈n ]Xn-]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS Hcp

Btem-N-\m-tbmKw Be-ßm v IqS-W-sa-∂-

dn-bn®v tXmΩm A¿°-Zn-bm-t°m≥ Iev]\

Ab-®p.

\km-Wn-Iƒ Beßm´v Btem-N-\m-

tbmKw IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ A¿°-Zn-

bmt°m\v Hcp ktµiw e`n-®p. am¿ Al-

Ø≈ sIm®n-bnse Hcp I∏-en¬ _‘-\-

ÿ-\m-sW∂pw Xma-kn-bmsX tKmh-bn-

te°v sIm≠p-t]mbn C≥Izn-kn-j≥ \S-

]-Sn-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p

hnh-cw. CX-dn™ \km-Wn-I-fpsS c‡w

Xnf-®p. C≥Izn-kn-js‚ sImSpw-Iq-c-X-I-

sf-∏‰n Adn-bm-hp∂ \km-Wn-Iƒ AlØ

-≈msb DS≥ tamNn-∏n-°Ww F∂p-d-®p. 25000

\kmWn ]Sbm-fn-Iƒ sIm®n-bn-te°v

DS≥ ]pd-s∏-S-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v

Be-ßm v tbmK-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ \n¿Øn-sh-®p.

henb kwLw \km-Wn-Iƒ a´m-t©-

cn-bn-seØn Xß-fpsS ta¬]- -°m-cs\ hn p-

sIm-Sp-°p-Itbm At±-l-hp-ambn kwkmcn-

°p-Itbm thW-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ]d-

¶n-Iƒ b∂p tIm -hm-Xn¬ AS-bv°p-Ibpw

bp≤ D]-I-c-W-ßƒ k÷o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. \km-Wn-Iƒ sIm®n-cm-Pm-hns\

I≠v saXms\ kzX-¥-\m-°-W-sa∂v At]

-£n-®p. cmPmhv ]d¶ntIm´-bpsS A[n-Im-

cnsb hcpØn \km-Wn-I-fpsS B al¿

jnsb hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Iev]n-®p.

Aß-s\-bn -cns° c≠p \kmWn

siΩm-i-∑m¿ ssaem-∏q-cn¬ Xo¿∞m-S-\-

Øn\p t]mbn. AhnsS h®v Ah¿ Pkyq-

´p-ImcpsS XS-¶-en¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp

]uc-kvXy ta¬]-´-°m-cs\ I≠p. t]cv

Al-Ø-≈-sb-∂m-sW∂pw sk‚ v tXmakv

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ASp-tØ°p t]mIp-∂-

hgn t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS ]nSn-bn¬ s]´p-

t]m-sb∂pw At±lw Ahsc Adn-bn-®p.

\km-Wn-I-fpsS ]bm-k-ßƒ F√mw siΩm-

-i-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v am¿ Al-Ø≈m a\- n-

em-°n. _‘-\-ÿ-\mb X\n°v DS≥ AhnsS

FØm≥ ]bm-k-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ AXym-h-iy-

ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\v, A[n-Imcw \¬In-

s°m≠v Hcp Iev]\ Al-Ø≈ siΩm-

i-∑m¿ hiw sImSp-Ø-b-®p.

]´w sImSp-°p-I, hnip≤ ssXew IqZmi

sNøpI Xp-S-ßnb ipiq-j-Iƒ \S-Ø-cp-

CXn-\n-S-bn¬ \S∂ kw`hw I¿±n-\mƒ

Sn -sd‚ v hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ßs\: X¥-]-c-

ambn Hgn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw

]mXn-b¿°o-km-sW∂p ]d-b-s∏-´-bmsf

A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ cmXn-Xs∂ tKmh-bn-te-°-

b-®p. ]´Ww BI-an-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m-\mbn,

\n¿`m-Ky-hm-\mb B ta¬]- -°m-c≥ bmZr-

›n-I-ambn sh≈-Øn¬ hoWp acn®p

F∂p≈ Bkzm-Zy-a-√mØ IY Ah¿ ]N-

cn-∏n-®p. (Eastern Christianity, P. 79).

F∂m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Igp-Øn¬ Hcp

henb I√p-sIń Ad-_n-°-S-en¬ XmgvØn-

b-Xmbn ipXn \msSßpw ]c-∂p. CXp-

tI- -t∏mƒ \km-Wn-Iƒ AXy¥w tcmjm-

Ip-e-cm-bn. CtX kabw Xs∂ sIm®n cmP-

sIm-´m-csØ \Sp-°nb Hcp kw`hw D≠m-

bn. am¿ Al-Ø≈msb sIń-Xm-gvØp-∂-

Xn\p ]d-¶n-Iƒ tIm´-bn¬ h´w IqSnb k

abw Xs∂, cmPmhv tImhn-e-IØv amfn-I-

bpsS tKmh-Wn-ta¬ hoWp Xe-Iodn Xos∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp (C-´q∏v, t]Pv 116).

C≥Izn-kn-j≥Al-Ø-≈msb tKmh-bn¬ C≥Izn-

kn-j≥ hnNm-cW sNøp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-

bXv F∂mWv ]e tdmam Ncn-X-Im-c-

∑mcpw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]d-¶n-Iƒ sIm®n Agn-ap-JØp sIń

-ØmgvØn F∂p ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ

hniz-kn-®-˛-hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-˛-am¿ Al-

Ø-≈msb IS-en¬ sIń-Øm-gvØp-I-

b√ sNbvX-Xv. 1654- ¬ tKmh-bn¬ h®p

Zln-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv F∂m-Wv

I¿±n-\mƒ Sn -sd‚ v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-

∂Xv (Eastern Christianity, P. 80).

blqZ∑m-cpsS Zp¿hr-Øn-I-fn-√m-Xm-

°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ÿm]n® tKmh-bnse

aX- hn-Nm-c-W-t°m-SXn ]m∏mbv°v

IogvS-ßm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn® H -\-h[n ae-

¶c InkvXym-\n-Isf D∑q-e\w sNbvXn-

´p≠v.

10

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


sIm®n-cm-Pmhv ]d-¶n-I-fpsS ssI°qen

hmßn-bmWv Xß-fpsS \ymbw adn®p If-

™-sX∂v P\w hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. cmPmhv

Zhy-em`w t\m°n ip≤-am-I-s∏- -hs\ sIm√n

-°-bm¬ kz¿K-Øn¬ Ccn-°p∂ cmPm-°-

∑m-cpsS cmPm-hmb k¿∆-i-‡n-bp≈ ssZhw

B \mgn-I-bn¬ Xs∂ cmPm-hns\ in£n-

®p-sh∂v \km-Wn-Iƒ ]d-™p. cmPm-hn\v

A]-arXyp kw`-hn-®Xv Xß-tfmSv sNbvX

h≥N-Xn-hn\p e- n® in£-bm-sW∂v \km-

Wn-Iƒ hniz-kn-®p. kXy-ssZ-h-amb

btlmh Xß-tfm-Sp-Iq-sS-bp-s≠-∂p≈

Nn¥ Ah-cpsS ss[cyw h¿≤n-∏n-®p.

Bbn-c-ßƒ a´m-t©cn ]cn-k-cØv

ktΩ-fn-®p. Ac-\q-‰m≠v Xßsf ASn-a-I-

fm-°nb tdmam-k-`-bp-ambn C\n bmsXmcp

_‘hpw ths≠∂pw P\-sa√mw Ipcn-in¬

sXm´v kXyw sNøWw F∂p \n›-bn-°p-

Ibpw B hn[w Hcp ]Sn-tbme Fgp-Xp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. At\-Im-bn-c-ßƒ Hcp-an®v

i]Yw sNøm-\mbn I¬°p-cn-in¬ Bem-

Øp-sIń AXn¬ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v Xßƒ-

°pw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°pw th≠n kXyw sNbvXp.

A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ c≠p-e£w \km-Wn-

I-fn¬ \m\q-dpt]¿ Hgn®v F√m-hcpw Cu

kXy-Øns‚ ]nºn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn

Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Hcp-t]mse kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p.

1653 P\p-hcn 3˛mw XobXn \S∂ Iq\≥-

Ip-cniv kXy-tØm-Sp-IqSn ae-¶-c-a-°ƒ

]Xn⁄ \bn® tXmΩm B¿°-Zn-bm-

t°ms‚ ]n∂n¬ AWn-\n-c-∂p. ]n∂oSv Hcp

amk-Øn-\p-tijw CS-∏-≈n-∏-≈n-bn¬ \S-

ØpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂ aq∂p t\mºn-t\m-S-

\p-_-‘n-®p-Iq-Snb hnizm-kn-Iƒ A¿°-Zn-

bm-t°ms\ k`-bpsS `c-W-I¿Øm-hmbn

AwKo-I-cn-®p. tabv 22˛mw XobnX Be-

ßm´p ]≈n-bn¬ h®v ]¥≠p ]´-°m¿

H∂n®p tN¿∂p tXmΩm A¿°-Zn-bm-

t°ms\ saXm-\mbn hmgn-®p.

At±-l-amWv am¿tØmΩm H∂m-a≥

F∂ t]cn¬ ae-¶-c-k-`sb `cn-®-Xv.

al-Ømb `mcX kz]v\w

I like the dreams of the future better thanthe history of the past - Thomas Jefferson

110 tImSn P\-ß-fp≈ \ΩpsS `mc-X-

Øn¬ InkvXp-hns‚ km£n-I-fm-Ip-hm≥

hnfn®p th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏´ kaq-l-amWv \mw.

c≠m-bn-c-tØmfw h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv

I¿Øm-hns‚ \ntbm-K-]-Imcw tXmam-

«olm ÿm]n® k`-bmWp \Ωp-tSXv

BZy tImf\n ÿm]n-®Xpw Ah-km-\-

ambn hn´p-t]m-bXpw t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cm-Wv.

t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ tKmh hn´p-t]m-bXv

1961-˛¬ amX-am-Wv.- A-Xbpw Imew IqSn

ae-¶-c-bnepw ]nSn®p\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ (Ipsd

\-km-Wn-I-fpsS ]n¥p-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn) henb

Hcp ]d¶nb[oi `q`mKw Ah¿ sIń-∏-Sp-

°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. mj-bpw kwkvIm-chpw ]q¿

Æ-ambn am‰n-sb-SpØv Hcp t]m¿´p-Kokv cmPyw-

t]mepw D≠m-Im≥ km[y-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ `mc-Xo-bcpw A`n-am-\n-I-fp-amb

\km-Wn-Iƒ \S-Ønb kacw t]m¿´p-Ko-

kp-Im-cpsS i‡n £bn-∏n-®p. I®-h-Shpw

P\-]n-¥pWbpw \jvS-s∏´ Ah¿ tZiw

hn´p. Iq\≥Ip-cniv kacw \S-∂n-√m-bn-cp-

s∂-¶n¬ tIc-f-Øn-s‚-sb-∂√ `mc-X-

Øns‚ Xs∂ NcnXw as‰m-∂m-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂p. Aßs\ Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ 1857-˛se

in]mbn el-f-sb-°mƒ henb kzmX¥y-

ka-c-am-bn-cp∂p 1653- ¬ mc-Xob \km-Wn-

Iƒ \S-Øn-b-Xv. F∂m¬ tZim-`n-am-\n-I-

fmb kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ \S-Ønb

Cu ka-csØ tZiob kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-

Øns‚ ]ń-I-bn¬ s]Sp-Øn-bn- n-√ F∂Xv

\n¿`m-Ky-Icw Xs∂. InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°n-

S-bn-ep-≠mb Hcp X¿°-sa∂ coXn-bn¬

I≠v CXn-s\∏‰n Kuc-h-ambn ]Tn-°m-Xn-

cp-∂-XmWv CXn\v Imc-Ww.

InkvXym-\n-sb-∂m¬ bqtdm]y-s\∂

Nn¥ ChnsS Ct∏mgpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ bqtdm-]y-

∑m¿s°-Xnsc kacw \SØn F∂v Nn¥n-

°p-hm≥ Xs∂ km[m-cW C¥y-°m¿°v

]bm-k-am-Wv. InkvXp-aXw a‰p aX-ß-sf-

t∏mse Gjy≥ aX-amWv F∂v Adn-bm-

hp∂ C¥y-°m¿ Npcp-°-am-Wv. Iq\≥Ip-

C≥Uy≥ tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øn\v \km-Wn-I-fpsS kw`m-h\cniv kXyw IqSp-X-embn C¥y apgp-h≥

Adn-b-s∏-tS≠ sFXn-lm-knI ka-c-am-Wv.

\yq\-]£ kap-Zm-b-amb InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

`mc-X-kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fmbn

F∂Xv tZio-tbm-XvK-Y-\-Øn\v klm-b-I-

c-am-Wv. \ΩpsS cmPy-Øn\pw tZim-`n-am-

\n-I-fmb InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°pw km`n-am\w

FSpØp Im´m-hp∂ Iq\≥ Ipcniv kacw

tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øn¬ s]SpØn AwKo-

I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. GXv PmXn-bm-bmepw aX-

am-bmepw mc-Xo-b¿ H‰-s°- mbn C¥y-°p-

th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p-sh∂v temI-Øn\p

apºn¬ Imń-s°m-Sp-°m≥ CXv CS-bm-°p-

sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

`mc-Xo-b-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ \ap°v e`n-

°p∂ Cu AwKo-Imcw C¥y≥ InkvXym-

\n-I-fpsS tZiob-t_m[w DW¿Øm≥ CS-

bm-°p-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Inkv-

Xob t\Xm-°ƒ DW¿∂v ]h¿Øn-°-Ww.

Iq\≥Ip-cniv ka-c-sØ-∏‰n Kth-j-W-

ßƒ, skan-\m-dp-Iƒ, ]T-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn-

bh \SØn Kh¨sa‚ns‚ apºnepw cmjv-

Sob t\Xm-°-fsS CS-bnepw ]Nm-c-W-]-

h¿Ø-\-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. _‘-

s∏´ Ncn-X-]-c-amb tcJ-IIfpw a‰pw kwc-

£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \mw i≤n-°-Ww.

Cu Imcy-ß-fn¬ k`m-t\-Xr-Xzhpw

hnizm-kn-Ifpw DW¿∂p ]h¿Øn-®m¬

InkvXym-\n-I-fmb \ap°pw tIc-f-Øn\pw

\ΩpsS cmPy-Øn\pw henb t\ -am-bn-cn-°pw.

Iq\≥ Ipcniv kacw aX-]-c-amb kzmX-

¥yw amX-a√ tZio-b-amb kzmX¥yw

IqSn-bmWv \ap°v t\Sn-Ø-∂-Xv. AXns‚

bYm¿∞ NnXw tZi-Øns‚ apºmsI hc-

®p-Im´m≥ \mw Aam-¥n-®p-Iq-Sm.

BZysØ C≥Uy≥ kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-

ambn C∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂Xv C≥Uy≥ ]´m-

f-°m¿ _nójv CuÃv C¥ym Iº-\n-s°-

Xn-cmbn \S-Ønb in]mbn el-f-bmWv

(Sepoy Mutiny). sImgp∏p ]pc-ńb ]pXn-b-

Xcw shSn-Øn-c-Iq-Sp-Iƒ (Cartridges) ISn-®p-

Xp-d°m≥ aX-]-c-amb Imc-W-Øm¬ hnk-

Ω-Xn® 85 C¥y≥ ]´m-f-°m¿ aod-‰n¬ XS-

hn-em-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. Ah-sc kzX-¥-cm-°n-

s°m≠v 1857 sabv 10- mw XobXn a‰v C¥y≥

]´m-f-°m¿ _nójv DtZym-K-ÿ¿s°-Xnsc

Xncn-™p. 1859 G]n-en¬ _nó-jp-Im¿

elf ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn

At\Iw C¥y≥ ]´m-f-°mcpw _nó-jp-

Imcpw sIm√-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

BZyw C¥ysb tImf-\n-bm-°nb bqtdm

-]y-∑m¿ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cm-Wv. Ah¿s°-

Xn-cmbn 1653- ¬ kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

\S-Ønb ka-cw alm-flm-Km‘n \bn®

al-Ømb C¥y≥ kzmX-¥y-k-acw t]mse

kam-[m-\-]-chpw \oXn-bp-‡-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

1857-˛¬ _nójv CuÃv C¥ym Iº-\n-

s°-Xnsc \S-Ønb in]m-bn-e-lf ASn-®-

a¿Ø-s∏- p-sh-¶n¬ 1653- se Iq\≥ Ipcnip

ka-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-h-cpsS tcmjsØ

XS-bm≥ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿°m-bn-√. AXn\v

Hcp apJy-Im-cWw Iq\≥Ip-cniv kacw

IqSp-X¬ P\-Io-bhpw kam-[m-\-]-c-hp-am-bn-

cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. Xß-fpsS ASn-Ød Cf-

In-b-tXmsS t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ sshImsX

tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂v sI´v sIń. t]m¿´p-Ko-

kp-Im-scbpw Ah-cpsS aX-t\-Xr-Xz -

sØbpw \km-Wn-Iƒ Dt]-£n-®n-√m-bn-cp-

∂p-sh-¶n¬ tKmh-sb-t]mse aq∂p \q‰m-

≠p-Iƒ°p tijta Hcp ]t£ Ah¿ hnS-

]-d-tb≠n hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. mc-X-Øn¬ a

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 11

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

F∂ al-Ømb ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ \mw A`n-

am\w sIm≈p-∂p. F∂m¬ hntZ-io-bcpw

kztZ-io-bcpw Hcp-t]mse \tΩmSv tNmZn-

°p∂ Hcp tNmZy-ap≠v: ""F¥p-sIm-≠mWv

kphn-ti-j-ZqXv mcXw apgp-h≥ FØn-°p-

∂-Xn¬ «olm-bpsS ]mX ]n¥p-S-cm-™Xv?''

kmaq-ly-amb ]Z-hn-Ifpw AwKo-Im-c-

ßfpw Bbn-cn°mw \sΩ ]pd-tIm´v hen-

®-Xv. F v, H≥]Xv iX-I-ß-fn¬ am¿tØmΩm

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ cmP-Iob ]oXn°v ]mX-

am-hp-Ibpw Aßs\ Ah¿°v kmaq-ly-

amb Db¿∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ AwKo-Im-c-ßƒ

kn≤n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂-Xn\v Ah¿-

°v e`n-®n- p≈ ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw ]Z-hn-Ifpw

sNt∏-Sp-Ifpw Hs° sXfn-hm-Wv. Xmgv∂

PmXn-bn¬ F∂v kaqlw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-

hsc aX-Øn¬ tN¿°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcmSv

The Oath of Bent CrossThe Portuguese Bishops and missionaries, actively supported by arms and men, emerged

as winners for the time being, but protest and hatred were smoldering in the minds of thepoor native Christians. After 53 years the disgruntled native Christians came together andgathered the courage to express their will in the form of an oath, known as the Oath ofBent Cross. This action of a segment of the native Christian community who riskedeverything including life and property to assert the independence of their ancestral faithhad several dimensions and long term consequences not visualised by the people at thattime, as in the case of the famous Magna Carta of England in the 13th Century. Religioncannot be isolated from politics or other aspects of life as some people believe as long asit is held with sincerity and passion. Several scholars have noticed the elements of patrio-tism, nationalism and anti-colonialism in the daring act of a group of unarmed men in theteeth of Portuguese opposition.

- Prof M.G.S. Narayanan, Chairman, Indian Historical Research

a

Iq\≥Ip-cniv kXyØns‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn ae-¶ck` ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p∂ I¬°p-cnipw ]n∂n¬ ]≈nbpw

kl-h-kn-°p-∂Xpw Xßƒ

°p≈ kmaq-lnI \ne-bn¬

A[x-]-X\w D≠m-Ip-sa∂pw

XZzmc Db¿∂ PmXn-°m¿

Xßsf AI‰n \n¿Øp-sa

∂pw Ah¿ b-s∏- p. F∂m¬

am¿tØmam InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

XnI®pw mc-Xobsc∂ ]Xn

-—mb \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

Htcm Ime-Øp-≠mb

hntZi CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ aqew

k -bn¬ tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-≠m-Ip-

Ibpw X¿°-ß-fn-te°v i≤

hgn-Xn-cn™p t]mIp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. n∂n-®p-≠mb k -

Iƒ F√mw hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-

fpsS t]cn-emWv Adn-b-s∏- -Xv. hntZi anj-

\-dn-am¿ IqSp-X¬ Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m-sc∂p

hnfn°s∏- n-cp-∂-hsc aX-Øn¬ tN¿ØXv

Db¿∂ PmXn-°msc AI‰n \n¿Øn. C∂v

kphn-tij tLmj-W-Øn\v Hcp henb

XS w ssIkv-X-h-k` Hcp hntZik`-

sb∂ Cta-Pm-Wv.

Hcp hntZi cmPyhpw Xß-fpsS k`-

bpsS t\XrXzw a‰p cmPy-ßƒ°v \¬In-√.

]uckvXy cmPy-ß-fpsS InkvXob BNm-

c-ßƒ thZ-]p-kvXI ]Im-c-am-sW-¶n¬

t]mepw ]m›mXy cmPy-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°n-

√. k`m-X-e-hs‚ tZio-b-X°v h≥ ]m[m-

\y-amWv Ah¿ sImSp-°p-∂-Xv. ]m›mXy

kwkvIm-c -Ønt\m ]mc-º-cy -Ønt\m

`ojWn Db¿Øm≥ km[y-X-bp≈ Bsc-

bpw t\XrXzw G¬]n-°m-dn-√. At¥m-

Iy≥ k`-bpsS c-W-L-S-\m-]-Imcw Ahn-

sS-bp≈ Ad_n hwi-P¿°v amX-amWv

]mXn-b¿°okv ÿm\w.

`mc-X-ssI-kvX-h-cpsS taep≈ hntZi

cmPy-ß-fpsS ta¬t°mbva kwkvIm-c-

Øn≥ta-ep≈ IS-∂p-I-b-‰-am-bmWv Chn-

sSbpw hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬

`mc-X-Ønse InkvXob k -bpsS mhn-sb-

]‰n Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿ hntZi `cWw henb

tZmjw sNøpw F∂v A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

`mcX InkvXob k` tZio-b-am-sb-¶n¬

amXta 110 tImSn P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Inkv-

Xp-hns‚ bYm¿∞ km£n-Iƒ BIm≥

\ap°v Ign-bq.

Iqins‚ hnPbw

\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-In-kvXp-

hns‚ Iqin¬ A√msX ]iwkn-∏m≥ CS-

h-c-cpXv (Kem. 6:14)

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ h®v

e÷m-I-c-amb hn[-Øn¬ \jvS-s∏´ P∑m-

h-Imiw kpdn-bm\n k` hos≠-Sp-ØXv

Ipcn-inse kXy-]-Xn⁄ aqe-am-Wv. temIm

-cw`w apX-ep≈ NcnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬

Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXyw t]mep≈ c‡-c-ln-

X-amb hnπhw thsd Hcp cmPyØpw D≠m-

b-Xmbn ImWp-I-bn-√.

Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXyw am¿tØmΩm

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS kzmX¥y ]tLm-

jWw (Declaration of Independeence)Bbn-cp-∂p.

bYm¿∞-amb kzmX¥yw \¬Ip-∂Xv

InkvXp-hmWv (tbml. 8:36). kzmX-¥y-Øn-

te-°p≈ I¿Øm-hns‚ hgnIƒ \ap°v

AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. bnkm-tb¬ P\sØ

btlm-h-bmb ssZhw Xs‚ _e-ap≈

ssIbm¬ hnSp-hn-®p. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn¬

t]cn-X-cmbn \ΩpsS ]q¿∆-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿

I¿Øm-hns‚ …o_m-bn¬ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ-

°mbn Fs∂-t∂-°p-ap≈ kzmX-¥y-kXyw

sNbvXp. Cu kXy-Øns‚ kvacW am¿-

tØmΩ InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬

\n∂pw Hcp-\mfpw am™p-t]m-I-bn-√.

Iq\≥ Ipcniv kXyw Iqins‚ hnP-b-

amWv! kXy-amb Ipcn-ins‚ hnP-b-amWv

⁄m\-]oTw Ib-dnb alm-Ihn Pn hmgvØn-

bXv:

""]m]w lcn®p ]mcn∂p apt∂-dp-hm≥

]mX ImWn°pw Ipcnti Pbn-°p-I.''

References

1. Z.M. ]mtd-´v, ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ Vol II,MOC Publications.

2. tUm. sl¿Ω≥ Kp≠¿´v, tIcf ]g-a, amXr-

`qan _pIvkv.

3. hneyw temK≥, ae-_m¿ am\z¬, amXr-`qan

_pIvkv.

4. F. io[ctat\m≥, tIcf Ncn-Xw, Un.-kn.

_pIvkv.

5. F≥. IrjvW-]n-≈, ssIc-fn-bpsS IY, Un.-

kn. _pIvkv.

6. dh. tUm. kn.-C. G_-lmw, k`m NcnX

kwK-lw, kn.-F-kv.-F-kv. KŸw

7. Iq\≥ Ipcnip kXy-Ønse cmjvSo-bw, ae-

bmfw hmcnI (1178 CShw 30, 13 Pq¨ 2003).

C≥Uy≥ FIv]kv ]ªn-t°-j≥kv.

8. tdm_n≥ sP^n, \mb¿ ta[m-hn-Xz-Øns‚

]X-\w, Un.-kn. _pIvkv.

9. Dr. Varghese Perayil, The Oath of Coonan

12

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


1653 P\phcn 3˛\v a´mt©cnbn¬

\S∂ Iq\≥Ipcnip kXyw NcnXKXn

am‰nadn® Hcp kw`hamWv. 54h¿jw \o≠

tdma≥ ItØmen°m B[n]Xyw Cu P\Iob

apt∂‰ØneqsS ae¶ck` XqsØdn™p

F∂Xnep]cn, C¥y≥ aÆn¬ ]m›m-Xy¿-

s°Xnsc \S∂ BZy kzmX¥y ka-cambmWv

tUm. cmP≥ Kpcp°sft∏mep≈ NcnXIm-

c∑m¿ C∂v Iq\≥Ipcnip kXy-sØ ImWp-

∂Xv.

hfscb[nIw hfs®mSnbv°s∏´ NnX

amWv Iq\≥Ipcnip kXysØ∏‰n ]n¬-

°me ]tXyIn®pw tdma≥ ItØmen°˛

NcnXImc∑m¿ \¬Ip∂Xv. Pkyq´p-Iƒ-

s°Xnscbp≈ Iem]w amXambn AXns\

Npcp°m\pw, am¿ AlØ≈mbpsS acW-

hm¿ØtI v s]´∂p≠mb Hcp hnImc]I-

S\ambn amXw AXns\ \nkmch¬°cn

°m\pap≈ kwLSnXiaw C∂pw XpS-cp∂p.

F¥n\[nIw, C∂v Iq\≥Ipcnip kXyØn-

s‚ thZnXs∂ am‰nbmWv ]Ncn-∏n°p∂Xv.

BZysams° \nkmcambn IcpXnsb-

¶nepw A[nIw XmaknbmsX Iq\≥Ip-

cnip kXyØns‚ Kuchw a\ nem°nb

tdmam knwlmk\w A°meØpXs∂

AXns\-°pdn®p ]Tn°m≥ Hcp IΩojs\

NpaXes∏SpØnbncp∂p. AhcpsS

dnt∏m¿´pw, kaImeo\ Pkyq´v, I¿Ωeo-

Øm kÌ-fpsS tcJIfpw `mKoIamsb-

¶nepw ]cntim[n®v ^m. tUm. tP°_v

sIm√-]-d-ºn¬ cNn® Zv sk‚ v tXmakv

InÃy≥ dheqj≥ C≥ 1653 F∂ KŸw

Iq\≥Ipcnip kXy-sØ∏‰n GXm≠v

hy‡amb Hcp NnXw \¬Ip∂p≠v.

2007˛se ]. h´t»cn¬ Xncpta\nbpsS

s]cp∂mƒ Znhkw Iq\≥Ipcnip kXy-

Øns‚ NcnXmhnjv°mcamb Hcp NnXw

tIm´bw ]gb skan\mcnbn¬ A\mOmZ\w

sNbvXp. 16 ASn \ofhpw 4 ASn Dbchp-

ap≈ CXv tIcfØn¬ Iym≥hmkn¬

hc® G‰hpw henb FÆOmbm NnXam-

bmWv IcpXs∏Sp∂Xv.

skan\mcn ]n≥kn∏ƒ m. tUm. sI.

Fw tPm¿÷ns‚ \n¿t±i]Imcw kvIqƒ

Hm^v tkIUv B¿Svkn\pth≠n Cu

teJIs‚ ta¬t\m´Øn¬ hniZamb

KthjWw \SØn c≠ph¿jwsIm≠mWv

Cu NnXw ]q¿ØoIcn®Xv. AXnse

Awi-ßfn¬ NcnX]cambn ]camh[n

kXyk-‘X]pe¿Øm≥ i≤n®n´pap≠v.

B NnX-cN\bv°mbn \SØnb Kthj-

WßfpsS ASnÿm\ØnemWv Cu

teJ\w.

H∂maXmbn Iq\≥Ipcnip kXyØns‚

thZn C∂v tdma≥ ItØmen°¿ Nq≠n°m-

´p∂ a´m-t©cn Aßm-Sn-bnse XSn°pcn-

i√. A°meØv tdma≥ ItØmen° k`

\nban® PpUnjy¬ IΩojs‚ dnt∏m¿´p-

]Imcw a´mt©cnbnse PohamXmhns‚

(Our lady of life) ]≈nbmWv kXyw \S∂

ÿew. Cu dnt∏m¿´p]Imcw ]≈n°p≈n-

emWv kXyw \S∂Xv. ]mtZ-inI ]mcºcy

]Imcw ]≈nap‰sØ I¬Ipcnin¬ Bem-

ØpsIńbpw. Hcp]t£ t\Xm°∑m¿

AIØp sNbvX kXyw, ho≠pw ]pdØv

I¬°pcnin¬ BemØpsIń P\°q´w

Bh¿Øn®ncn°Ww. Ibdn¬ F√mh¿-

°pw sXmSm≥ BhmØXn\m¬ sXm´hsc

sXm´mWv kXyw sNbvXsX∂mWv ]mcº-

cyw. Cu Iqcniv C∂n√. CXns‚sX∂p

IcpXp∂ GXm\pw mKßƒ B ]≈n∏cn-

k-cØp≠∂p ]dbp∂p. Hcp]t£ Hcp

kzmX¥y Nn”w F∂\nebn¬ ]n∂oSv

hnImcmthiw P\n-∏n°mXncn°m≥ AXv

t_m[]q¿∆w \in∏n®Xmhm\pw aXn.

c≠maXmbn, Iq\≥Ip-cniv F∂ -t]-

cmW.v ka-Im-enI ae-bm-f -tc-J-I-fn-sem-

∂pw Cu t]cv ImWp-∂n-√. 18˛mw \q‰m≠nse

h¿Ø-am-\-]p-kvX-Iw,- \n-cWw KŸ-h-cn-XpS-

ßnb ae-bmfIrXn-Iƒ a´m-t©cn Ipcn-ip-

¶se kXyw F∂ coXn-bn-emWv Cu

sFXn-lm-knI ka-csØ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-

bp-tdm-]y≥ KŸ-Im-c-∑mcpw ]sØm≥]Xp-

apX-ep≈ \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse ae-bmf Ncn-X-

Im-c-∑m-cp-amWv Iq\≥ Ipcniv F∂ t]cn\v

ÿnc-]-XnjvT t\Sn-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv.

1653-˛¬ kXywsNbvX I¬°p-cn-in\p

hf-hp-≠m-bn (cp-∂p)-, AXn-\m¬ Iq\p≈

Ipcniv F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ Iq\≥Ipcn-

si∂p t]cphoWp F∂mWv C∂v ]N-cn-

∏n-°p-∂ Hcp sI´p-IY. ae¶cbnse I¬-

°p-cn-ip-I-fpsS \n¿Ωm-W-coXn ]cn-tim-[n-

®m¬ Ahbv°v Iq\v D≠m-hpI Akw`-

hy-am-W∂p t_m[y-am-Ipw. Xoc-›o-\-

amtbm ew_-amtbm sNcn-bp-I-b-√msX Ah

hf-bp∂ ]iv\-an√. sNcn-hn\v Iq\v F∂p

]d-bn-√. A]-Imcw sNcn-™m¬ ae-bmf

`mj-bn¬ AXns\ tZymXn-∏n-°p-hm≥

sNcn™ Ipcniv F∂ ]Z-ap≠v.

a´m-t©-cn-bnse hnπ-hsØ \nkm-c-h¬

°-cn-°m≥ ]n¬°m-eØv tdma≥ ItØm-

en-°¿ ]e-sI- p-I-Y-Ifpw ]N-cn-∏n-®p. 1653-

˛se kXy-Øns‚ e÷m- mcwsIm≠v Ipcnip

hf-™p-t]mbn F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p AXn-sem-

∂v. B sI´p-I-Ybv°v i‡n ]I-cm≥ ]N-

cn-∏n® t]cm-hm≥ hgn-bp≠v Iq\≥Ipcniv

F∂-Xv.

as‰mcp kw`m-hy-X-bp-≈Xv Ipcn-ins‚

hen-∏-am-Wv. a´m-t©-cn-bnse I¬°p-cniv

Xmc-X-tay\ sNdp-Xm-W-¶n¬ AXns\ B

A¿∞-Øn¬ Ip™≥ Ipcn-si∂p hnfn-

°m≥ km≤y-X-bp≠v. a´m-t©-cn-bn¬ Icn-

¶-√n-√m-sb-∂Xpw Xdbpd-bv°m≥ hnj-a-

ap≈ Ab™ aÆm-sW-s∂Xpw Cu

km≤y-Xsb _e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Ip™≥

Ip-cniv bptdm-]y≥ mj-I-fn¬ Ib-dn-bn-dßn

Iq\≥ Ip-cn-im-Im-\n-S-bp-≠v. GXm-bmepw

Iq\≥Ip-cn-si∂ t]cmWv C∂v \ne-\n-

ev°p-∂Xv.

aq∂m-a-Xm-bn, XSn®pIqSnb P\Øns‚

s]´∂p≠mb hnImc]IS\a√ Iq\≥-

Ipcnip kXyw. tdma≥ ItØmen° tcJ-

Iƒ]Imcw Ipd™ ]£w 1652 \hw_¿

]IpXnapXse¶nepw sIm®nbnepw ]cnkc-

ßfnepap≈ ]≈nIfn¬ ae¶c ]≈n-

tbmKw XZznjbIambn IqSns°m≠n-

cp∂p. Ahcmbncp∂p ˛ ]gb `mjbn¬

]≈nI-fnse IØßfpw ]amW∏´hcpw

˛ Iq\≥-Ipcnip kXyØns‚ tIµ_nµp.

Ahsc kwc£n°p∂ \kmWn∏Sbpw,

Hcp]t£ sIm®nbnepw kao]Øpap≈

Ipsd \km-WnIfpw CXn¬ ]¶ptN¿∂ncn-

°mw. GXmbmepw \nba]cambn ae¶c-

k`bpsS kakvXImcyßfnepw A[nImc-

ap≈ ae¶c ]≈ntbmKamWv Iq\≥Ipcn-

ip kXyw sNbvXXv.

18˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ XncphnXmwIqdns‚

cq]oIcWtØmsS NcnX]kn≤amb \km

Wn∏SbpsS A]Nbw Bcw`ns®-¶nepw

thepØºn hnπhsØ XpS¿∂v tIW¬

a°msf XncphnXmwIqdnsebpw sIm®nbnse-

bpw \mb¿∏Ssb ]ncn®phnSp-∂Xphsc

AXv \ne\n∂p. AhcpsS BImcsØbpw

thjhn[m\sØbpw ]cn-ioe\sØbpw]‰n

hnhn[ \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse Zo¿Lamb ]e

NcnXhnhcWßfpw e`y-amWv. ChbpsS

Iq\³Iqcnins\]än Aev]wtUm. Fw. Ipcy≥ tXmakv

-I-h¿ tÃmdn

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 13

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

ASnÿm\Øn¬ Sn. sI. tPmk v cq]w-

sImSpØ tIcfm skmssk‰n t]t∏gvkn¬

]kn≤oIcn® Hcp tcJmNn XØn¬ \n∂m-

Wv Cu NnXØnse \kmWn∏SbmfnIƒ-

°v cq]w sImSpØn-cn°p∂Xv.

t]m¿´pKokv ImeL´Øn\p apºpw

]nºpap≈ hnhcWßƒ ]Imcw, Ab-™

Im¬Ip∏mbhpw ]pdtIm´v Beap≈

sh≈°p∏mbhpw˛IΩoiv amWv \kmWn

IØ\m¿am¿ D]tbmKn®ncp∂Xv. Ahcn¬

`qcn`mKhpw \·]mZcmbncp∂psh∂pw

NcnXtcJIƒ. 20˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬t]mepw

saXm-∑mcpw IØ-\m¿amcpw A[n-Im-c -Nn-

”-ambn Xmt°mepw Xphm-e-bpw -Np-a-en¬

[-cn®ncp-∂p.

Iq\≥Ipcnip kXyØn\p t\XyXzw

\evInbXv PmXn°pXeh≥ ]Itema‰w

tXmΩm A¿°Znbmt°m\pw (]n∂oSv

alm \mb am¿tØmΩ H∂ma≥ F∏nkv-

t°m∏) B™nenaqń¬ CńsØmΩ≥

IØ\m-cpamWv. I¬Zmb k`bnse sshZn-

I¿ C∂pw A]q¿∆ambn D]tbmKn°p∂

A¬apØn F∂ IpńIm∏bmWv Cu NnX-

Øn¬ tXmΩm A¿°Znbmt°m≥ [cn®n-

cn°p-∂Xv. t]¿jy≥ ]mcºcy]Imcw

CXp [cn®psIm≠v hn. Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-

°mw. ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ Cu ]mc-ºcyw Ah-

k-\n-∏n-®-Xv 19˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ amX-amWv.

hnhn[ ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v ae-¶-c-k`

cq]n-I-cn® sXm∏n-bmWv At±lw [cn-®n-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. C∂v ae-¶-c -sa-Xms‚ Awi-

hkvXw Cu A¬ap-Øn-bp-sSbpw sh´p-

sXm-∏n-bp-sSbpw ]n≥Km-an-bm-Wv.

am¿tØmΩm H∂m-as‚ Hcp `nØn-

NnXw At±-lsØ I_-d-S-°n-bn-cn-°p∂

A¶-amen ]f-fnbpsS aZv_lbn¬ Bte-

J\w sNbvXn-´q-≠v. Awi-h-Snbpw …o_m-

bpw ]nSn-®p-\n-ev°p∂ Cu NnXw At±-

lØns‚ ap≥-Km-an-bmb Koh¿Kokv A¿-

°Znbmt°ms‚-bmsW-∂mWv tdma≥

ItØm-en°m ]NcWw. CXv am¿tØmΩm

H∂m-a-s\bpw Iq\≥-Ipcnip kXy-sØbpw

Xa-kv°-cn-°m-\p-ff t_m[-]q¿h-amb ia-

Øns‚ `mK-ambn ImWWw.

\km-Wn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS IØ-\m¿amcpw

tIc-f-Ønse a‰p kh¿WPmXn-°m-sc-

t∏mse ap≥ IpSpΩ sh®n-cp-∂p. (]-´-°m-

cpsS ]´hpw IpSpΩn Bbn-cp∂p Kp≠¿ v)

18˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb

At¥ym-Jy≥ saXm-∑m¿ Ko-c-Y-]-bXv\w

\S-Øn-bn´pw (]-´-°m-cp-sSbpw am∏n-f-am-cp-

sSbpw Xe-Nn-c-∏n®v ]´w sImSpØ v ...˛

\ncWw KŸhcn) 1876˛¬ ]tXmkv XnXo-

b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv hcp-tºmgpw A]q¿h-

am-sb-¶nepw ]´-°m¿ IpSpΩn hf¿Ønbn-

cp-∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse kh¿W- Pm-Xn-I-fpsS

s]mXp-hmb PmXn-Nn-”-ß-fn¬ s]´-h-bm-

bn-cp∂p IpSp-Ωnbpw ISp-°\pw (I¿Wm-`-

c-Ww) ]qWq-epw. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-

tZmkv \km-Wn-I-fpsS PmXym-N-c-ßƒ

t`Z-s∏-Sp-Ønb Iq -Øn¬ ISp-°≥ [cn-°p-

∂Xv \n-tcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p. (Ggmw auXzm,

Ggmw IqSnhnPmcw, ]Xn-\memw Imt\m-\m).

DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv ASn-t®¬∏n®

kmaq-ln-Im-N-c-ß-fnse t`Z-K-Xn-I-fn-sem-

∂pw \km-Wn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ \S-∏m-bn√m-

sb∂v ka-Im-enI tdma-≥ ItØm-en°m

Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿Xs∂ km£ys∏SpØp∂p-

≠v. AXn-\m¬ 1653˛¬ ISp-°≥ [cn®

\km-Wn -]-am-Wn-I-fpsS km∂n≤yw kz-

`m-hn-I-amWv.

\km-Wn-I-fpsS ]qWq-ens\ kw_-

‘®v Nne¿ kwibw D∂-bn-®n-´p≠v. CXv

apJy-ambpw ]qWq¬ Hcp _m“W Nn”-

am-W∂ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bpsS ]pd-Øm-Wv. apI-

fn¬ ]d-™-Xp-s]mse kh¿WPmXn-

IfpsS s]mXpNn”-am-bn-cp∂p ]qWq¬.

t£X-\n¿Ωm-W-th-f-bn¬ hniz-I¿Ω-P¿

]qWq¬ [cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv N´w. ]t£

]qWq-ens‚ Cg-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬ hyXym-

k-ap-≠v. tIc-fob PmXn hyh-ÿ-bn¬

\km-Wn-Iƒ PmXn-]-c-ambn I®-hSw Ipe-

[¿Ω-am-°nb sshiy PmXn-bn¬s]-´-h-cm-

bn-cp-∂p. _m“-W¿, £Xn-b¿ apX-em-b-

h-cp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip∂ Db¿∂PmXn F∂-

\ne-bn¬ \km-Wn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS PmXn

Nn”-ambn ]qWq¬ \ne-\n¿Øn. AX-√msX

\km-Wn-I-sf√mw \ºq-Xn-cnamcmbn-cp∂p

F∂Xv ]I-S-am-°m-\√ ]qWq¬ [cn-®n-cp-

∂-Xv.

18˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ t]mepw \km-Wn-Iƒ

]qWq¬ [cn-®n-cp-∂p. Pkyq´v tcJ-Isf

Ah-ew-_n®v Un. s^tdmfn 18˛mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ \kmWn B¨ss]X-ß-fpsS amtam-

-Zokm thf-bn¬ Im¿Ωn-I≥ ]qWq¬ Bio¿-

h-Zn®v inip-hns\ [cn-∏n® tijw Ducn-

sb-Sp-°p-sa-∂pw, -]n-∂oSv ]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb

tijw amX-amWv AXv [cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw

tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øn-bn-´p -≠v. ZznP-Xz-Øns‚

(c≠mw P∑-Øn-s‚) e£-W-amWv _m“W

aX-]-Imcw ]qWq¬. amtam-Zokm c≠mw

P∑-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ ]Xy£ e£-W-

ambn ]qWq¬ [cn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn\v

ssIkvXh thZ-im-kvX-]-c-ambn sXs‰m-

∂p-an-√. tIc-fo-b -k-aq-l-Ønse \ne\n¬-

∏n\v \km-Wn-Iƒ°v AXv Bh-iy-am-bn-

cp∂pXm\pw.

]ecpw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Iq\≥-

Ipcnip hn]vf-h-a√ ae-¶ck`sb hn`-Pn-

®Xv.- a-dn®v ]d-ºn¬ Nm≠n-bpsS _Z¬

saXm≥ ÿm-\-e-_v[n-b-Wv. c≠p -e-£-

Øn¬ \m\q-dp- Isd \km-Wn-Iƒ Iq\≥-

Ipcnip hn]vf-hsØ ]n¥p-W®p F∂v ka-

Im-enI ]mc-ºcyw. hn]vfhw GXm≠v

kºq¿Æ-am-bn-cp-s∂∂v tdma≥ ItØm-

en°m Ncn-X-Im-c-∑mcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p.

Nm≠n-Zz-b-ß-ƒ kXy-ew-L\w \SØn adp-

I≠w NmSn-b-tXm-sS-bmWv kpdn-bm\n

ItØm--en-°¿ AYhm kotdm ˛ a-e-_m¿

k` F∂ tdma≥ ItØm-en°m hn`mKw

cq]-sa-Sp-Ø-Xv.

kzm¿∞ em`-Øn-\mbn ae-¶ck`sb

H‰n-s°m-SpØ ]d-ºn¬ Nm≠n ]`rXn-I-

fpsS NXn C√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Iq\≥Ip-

cnip hnπhwaqew C∂v C¥y-bn¬ Hcp

tZiob GIo-IyX ssIkvX-h-k` amXw

\ne-\n-t∂-t\. ImcWw ]n∂o-Sp-≠mb

F√m ]nf¿∏p-I-fp -sSbpw ASn-ÿm\

ImcWw Nm≠n-bpsS NXn-bm-Wv.

(teJ-I≥ k`m-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw KŸ-

I¿Øm-hp-am-Wv. 2000˛¬ ae-bmf mj-bnse

BZysØ Ncn-X-K-Ÿ-amb \ncWw KŸ-

hcn FUn‰v sNbvXv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. )

hnK-lm-cm-[-\-sb∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv krjvSnbn-ep≈ F¥n-s\-sb-¶nepw kjvSm-hm-

bn-°-cpXn Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. a\p-jym-h-Xmcw sNbvX InkvXp-hn-s\-b-√msX

krjvSn-bn-ep≈ a‰p bmsXm-∂n-s\bpw \ap°v ssZh-ambn Bcm-[n-∏m≥ km≤y-a-√.

F∂m¬ I¿Øm-hns‚ Iqipw I_-dn-Shpw Hs° \ΩpsS c£-bv°mbn I¿Ømhv \n¿∆-

ln® ]hrØn-bpsS Ahn-`mPy LS-I-ß-fm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ahbv°v \mw \¬Ip-∂ hµ-

\hv InkvXp-hns‚ c£m-]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p \mw \¬Ip∂ hµ-\-hm-Wv. Iqin-s\ hµn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcm-[-\-bp-s≠-¶n¬ B Bcm-[\ Iqin-\√ Iqin-X-\mb Inkv-Xp-hn-

\mWv \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤-∑msc hµn-°p-∂-Xnepw AS-ßn-bn- p-≈Xv Ah-cn¬IqsS

ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Xz-sØ-bp≈ hµ-\-bm-Wv. ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ ssZh-hm-ln-I-

fm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Ah-scbpw Ah-cpsS NnX-ß-sfbpw \mw hµn-°p-∂-Xv.

Bcm-[\ Ft∏mgpw ]nXmhpw ]pX-\pw ]cn-ip≤ dqlm-bp-am-Ip∂ GI ssZh-

Øn-\mWv ka¿∏n-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ hµ-\hv ssZh knwlm-k-\-amb tXmtWm

--kn\pw c£m-bp-[-amb …o_mbv°pw ssZh _‘-ap≈ a‰p ]e-Xn-t\m-Sp-am-Imw.

…o_m hµ-\hv hnK-lm-cm-[-\tbm?tUm. ]usemkv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv

14

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


sIm√-h¿jw 981 aI-c-Øn¬ B¿Øm‰v

]≈n CS-h-I-°m¿, ]≈n-\-S-bn¬ Hcp-an-®p-

IqSn hntZ-in-I-fn¬ \n∂v A\p-`-hn-®n-´p≈

Ah-i-X-Iƒ°pw, D]-Z-h-ßƒ°pw ]cn-lm-

c-sa-t∂m-Ww, A∂sØ saXm-t∏m-eoØ

Bbn-cp-∂, am¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øbv°v (Bdmw- am¿tØm-Ω) sNtºm-

e-bn¬ FgpXn ka¿∏n® Hcp ZrV ]Xn-

⁄-bmWv k`m Ncn-X-Øn¬ ""B¿Øm‰v

]Sn-tbme'' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

bmsXmcp hntZi k`-Iƒ°pw Iogvs∏-

Sp-I-bn-s√-∂pw, F¥p-hne sImSpØpw ]q¿

∆nI hnizmkw kwc-£n-°p-sa∂pw ]Xn ⁄

sNbvX Cu ]Sn-tbme ae-¶c k`mNcn-X

-Ønse Hcp Aaqey tcJ-bmWv sNºpX-

In-Sn¬ ]g-b-a-e-bmfw hs -gp-Øn¬ FgpXn

B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bnse H∂mw hnImcn A®

\pw ]¥≠v CS-hI ]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw BWv

Cu ]Sn-tbm-e-bn¬ H∏n-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]Sn-tbm-e-bnse D≈-S°w: ""sIm√w

981˛m-aXv aIcw Rmb-‰n¬ ]pØ≥Iqdv Xpdn-

bm-\n-°m-cmb B¿Øm‰v FS-h-I-°m¿

F√m-hcpw IqSn \ΩpsS Znh-∂m-Øn-tbmXv

hmhm Xncp-ap-ºn¬ FgpXn sh® ]Sn-tbm-

e-bm-hn-Xv. \ΩpsS P\-ß-fn¬ Nne¿ ]c-

tZ-i-°m-cpsS FS-ØpS D]-tZiw tIƒ°-

øm¬ tdmΩm hn®m-X-Øn-te°v Xncn-™p-

t]mbn hg°p ]nSn®v ]≈nbpw ]dºpw ]

IpØv \dp-°n-s -Sp-°m≥ CS-h-∂p. A_≤w

sIm-≠v hfsc hymIp-e-Øn\v FS-h-∂-Xn-

\m¬ taem¬ Aßn-s\ CS-h-cm-Xncn-∏m-≥

th≠n tdmam-bn-¬ \nt∂m, hmsh-en-¬ \nt∂m,

AXn-tbm°m-bn¬ \nt∂m a‰p-h√ ]c-tZ-

iØp \nt∂m, hcp∂ bmsXmcp saXm-∑m-

cp-sSbpw D]-tZ-ihpw \S-∏p-Ifpw Hcp \mfm-

hn´p hgßn \S-°msX \ΩpsS am¿tØmΩm

Nnen-Im-bpsS ]q¿∆nI hn®m-Xhpw N´-ß

fpw A\p-k-cn®p \S∂p sIm≈p-amdv kΩ-

Xn®v Xºp-cms\ s]‰-Ω-bpsS B¿Øm‰v

]≈n \S-bn¬ sh®v Fgp-Xnb ssa° hnIm

cn sXs°°c Ipcn-bmXp IØ-\m¿ (H∏v).''

CXn\v Xmsg ]¥≠v CS-hI ][m-\n-

I-fpsS t]cp-hn-h-chpw H∏pw D≠v. Xncp-h-

\-¥-]pcw Hmdn-b‚¬ am\p-kvIn]v‰v sse_

-dn-bn¬ Cu ]Sn-tbme kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.)

hntZi _‘-ßƒ°p aptº ae-¶c

k` ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ X\n-a-bn-te°p

F¥p hne sImSpØpw k`sb \bn-°m-

\p≈ Blzm\w \¬In F∂-XmWv

B¿Øm‰v ]Sn-tbm-e-bpsS Ncn-X-]-c-amb

B¿Øm‰v ]Sn-tbme]n.sF. _m_p

]m[m\yw. sIm®n Znhm≥Pn-bpw, _nójv

ta[m-hn-XzsØ FXn¿Øn-cp∂ hy‡n-bp-

am-bn-cp∂ ]men-b-Ø-®s‚ KŸ-ti-J-c-

Øn¬ \n∂p-amWv Cu ]Sn-tbme Is≠-Sp-

Ø-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v ]men-b-Ø-®-\pw, ]pen-

t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbmkv

c≠m-a\pw (A∂sØ butk^v IØ-

\m¿) kw_-‘n® Hcp NS-ßn¬ sh®mWv

CXv FgpXn ka¿∏n-°-s∏-´-sX∂v Icp-Xp-

∂p. 1808˛¬ ]pXp-°n-]-WnX ]≈n-bpsS

IqZmi Znh-k-am-bn-cp∂p Cu ]Sn-tbme

FgpXn ka¿∏n-°-s∏-´-sX∂v Nne k`m

Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xy-sØbpw A[n-\n-th-

i-tØbpw ss[cy-]q¿∆w \n›b Zm¿Vy-

tØm-Sp-IqSn Xnc-kvI-cn® C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bpsS [z\n Ae-b-Sn-°p∂

hcn-I-fmWv B¿Øm-‰v ]Sn-tbm-e-bn¬ X¶-

en-]n-I-fm¬ Fgp-X-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Ncn-X-

kXyw

B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-bpsS hS°p hi-

Øp≈ `nØn-bn¬ ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p∂ ]Sn-

tbm-e-bpsS tcJ AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq-]-

Øn¬ :

B¿Øm‰v ]Sn-tbmebpsS A ¬ cq]w

Ih¿ tÃmdn

B¿Øm‰v ]Sn-tbmebpsS ]I¿∏v

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 15

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

""Fs‚ ]∏m F\n°v ATM BWv.

Ft∏mƒ Rm\m-h-iy-s∏- mepw ]Ww Xcp∂

ATM. aΩn F\n°p X´p-I-S-bm-Wv. F\n-

°n-jvS-ap≈ `£Ww \nan-j-t\-cw-sIm≠v

Xøm-dm°n Xcp∂ X´p-I-S. Rm≥ Chsc

hc® hc-bn¬ \n¿Øp∂ Kp≠-bm-Wv.''

ATM, X´p-I-S, Kp≠ F∂nh C∂ns‚

apJ-ap-Z-I-fm-Wv. C∂v amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ

G‰hpw b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv kz¥w a-°-sf-bm-Wv.

a°sf Ipdn-®p≈ Nn¥-bm¬ s]m≈p∂

a\- p-ambn Ign-bp∂ \nc-h[n amXm-]n-Xm-

°-fp-≠v. aIt\m aItfm Aev]w Xma-kn-

s®-Øn-bm¬ ImcWw Xnc-°p-hm≥t]mepw

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ `b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

XßfpsS a°ƒ°v Hcp Ipdhpw D≠m-

I-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-‰p-

hm≥ cm]-I-en-√msX A≤zm-\n-°p-hm≥

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v aSn-bn-√. Bh-iy-Øn\p

`£Ww e`n-°m-sX, hkvX-an-√m-sX,

F¥n\v ]pkvX-I-ßƒ t]mepw hmßp-hm≥

\nhr-Øn-bn-√msX thZ-\n® Xß-fpsS

_meyw Ip™p-ßƒ°p-≠m-I-cp-Xv.

amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Cu imTyw kz¥w

aÆn¬ Nhpń \nev°m≥ t]mepw Ah-Im-

i-an-√mØ Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v a°sf sIm-

s≠Øn-°p-∂p.

""ssZhw Hcp Im´pXo-bmWv. Ahn-Sp∂p

IØp-∂p. \Ωƒ Ahn-Sp-tØmSp IqSn IØn

-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.'' acW°nS-°-bn¬ InS-

∂p-sIm≠v hn. m≥kokv A okn ]d™

hm°p-I-fm-Wn-h. tbip Xºp-cm≥ AXp-

sIm≠p Xs∂-bmWv ]d-™Xv ""`qan-bn¬

Xo CSp-hm≥ Rm≥ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p, AXv

Ct∏mtg IØn-sb-¶n¬ sIm≈m-bn-cp∂p''

(eq-t°m. 12:49).

I¿-Ømhv ]d-bp∂ Cu Xo kvt\l-

Øns‚ Pzme-bm-Wv. AXv IØn-sb-cn™v

`qXew apgp-h≥ H∂m°n ssZhnI ssNX-

\y-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. \Ωn¬

Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Xo

IØns°m≠n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv a\- n-em-

sW∂p amXw. Hcp-h≥ as‰m-cp-hs‚ a\-

n-te°v A·n-°\-ep-Iƒ tImcn-bn´v

Ahs\ IØn-°p-∂p. a°ƒ AΩ-b-∏-∑m-

cpsS a\- n¬, mcy ¿Øm-hns‚ a\- n¬,

Xncn-®pw.

tamt\ \n\°v thZ-\n-t®m...?^m. h¿Kokv Nmt°m, Xncp-h√

Cßs\ Fcn™p Xo¿∂p sIm≠n-cn-

°p∂ Hcp P\-k-aq-l-amWv \ap°v Np‰pw.

Cu A·n Fßs\ sISpØpw? ac-hn® a\p-

jy-cpsS a\- p-Iƒ Fhn-sSbpw ImWmw.

ASp-°pw-tXmdpw AI-ep∂ a\- p-Iƒ.

kn\n-am, Sn.-hn, ]X-am-kn-I-Iƒ, sam

ss_¬ t^m¨, C‚¿s\‰v Ch-sb√mw

bphXo bphm-°-fpsS a\- nepw ico-c-

Ønepw Xo IØn®v `m¥-amb Pohn-Xm-th-

i-Øn\v hiw-h-Z-cm-bn, Ah-km\w H∂n\pw

sIm≈mØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m-

cpsS a\- nse sISmØ I\-embn amdp-∂p.

\nan-jm¿≤-ßƒ sIm≠v amdn-a-dn-bp∂ Pohn-

X-km-l-N-cy-ß-fpsS tamln-∏n-°p∂ A\p-

`-h-ßsf kzmb-Ø-am-°p-hm≥ ian-®n´v

km≤y-am-ImsX \ncm-i-bp-sSbpw shdp-∏n-

s‚bpw A·n-°-\-ep-Iƒ lrZ-b-Øn¬ hln-

°p-∂-h¿ e£y-an-√msX \S∂p \oßp-∂p.

Hmtcm `h-\-ß-fn¬ ssZhw kvt\lm-

·n-bmbv Fcn-tb-≠Xv Ime-L-´-Øns‚

Bh-iy-am-Wv. ssZhw \n¿Ωn® kvt\l-N-

c-Sn¬ ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n-°-Ww.

I¿Ømhv sIm√-s∏- p. injy-∑m¿ NnX-

dn-t∏mbn kz¥-I-Æm¬ Db¿sØ-gp-t∂‰

I¿Øm-hns\ I≠n´pw ss[cyw hos≠-Sp-

°p-hm≥ Ah¿°p Ign-™n-√. \ncm-i-bp-

sS, e£yw C√m-bva-bp-sS, b-Øn-s‚, GIm

-¥-X-bpsS A·n-°-\¬ Ah-cpsS D≈nepw

IØn Fcn-™p. B A·n AW-™Xv

s]¥n-t°mkvXn \mfn¬ Db-c-Øn¬ \n∂v

]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp A·n-\m-hp-I-fpsS cq]-

Øn¬ Ah-cn-te-°n-d-ßn-b-t∏m-gm-bn-cp-∂p.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ Adn™ Ah-cn¬

\n∂v `bw-, \n-cmi F√mw HmSn AI-∂p.

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ Adn™ Ah¿ A∂p-

ap-X¬ temIsØ Iogvta¬ adn-°p-∂-h-cm-

bn. C∂v kaq-l-Øn¬, h-\-ß-fn¬, hy‡n

-I-fn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ \S-Øn-∏n-√m-Xm-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. s]¥n-t°m-kvXn-bpsS ]pXp-

°-Øns‚ A\p-`hw F√m ]iv\-ß-fp-

sSbpw imizX ]cn-lm-c-am-Wv.

h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv hmbn® t\mh-ense

kw`hw IqSn Ipdn-°-s´. hn[-h-bmb AΩ,

A©p-a-°ƒ. a°-fpsS \√ mhn-°p-th≠n

AΩ C©n©mbn kzbw NX™v A≤zm-

\n-®p. F√m-hcpw \√ \ne-bn-se-Øn. Cf-

b-a-I≥ Ah-cpsS k¿∆-kz-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah\pw Db¿∂ \ne-bn-em-bn. PohnX

kt¥mj-ß-fpsS \Sp-hn¬ Xnan¿Øm-Snb

Hcp s]Æv Ahs‚ Pohn-X-k-Jn-bmbn hcp-

hm-\m-K-ln-®p. Hcp \n_-‘\ amXw. Ahs‚

AΩsb as‰-hn-sS-¶nepw Dt]-£n-°-Ww.

a\- m-c-tØmsS Ah≥ Dd-ßp-hm≥ InS-

∂p. Hcp kz]v\w Ahs\ am‰n-a-dn-®p. Ah-

\m-K-ln® s]Æv Ahs‚ AΩ-bpsS

s\©v shń-s∏m-fn®v lrZbw sImSp-°p-hm-

\m-h-iy-s∏- p. s]Æn-t\m-Sp≈ elcn aqØ

Ah≥ AΩsb sIm∂v lrZbw FSp-Øp.

AXp-ambn Ah≥ HmSn. ssIøn-en-cp∂ lrZ-

b-Øn\v NqSp-Iq-Sp-∂-Xp-t]m-se... Ahs‚

ssI Np´p-s]m-≈p-∂-Xp-t]mse AsXmcp

A·n-tKm-f-ambv amdn. Hcp I√n¬ Xń Ah≥

hoWp. AΩ-bpsS lrZbw Ahs‚ ssIbn¬

\n∂p Xmsg hoWp. X∏n-Ø-S-s™-gp-t∂‰v

Ah≥ amXr-lr-Z-b-Øn-te°v t\m°n.

""tamt\ \n\°p thZ-\nt®m?'' amXr-lr-

Zbw Ah-t\mSp tNmZn-®p. AtΩ.... Ah≥

Aedn Ic™v Dd-°-Øn¬ \n∂p-W¿∂p.

AΩ HmSn-°n-X-®v Ahs‚ Acn-In¬ h∂p.

F¥p-]‰n tamt\? Ah¿ tNmZn-®p. Fs‚

AtΩ... Fs‚ AtΩ... Ah≥ B Imen¬

sIń-∏n-Sn®p Ic-™p. H∂pw a\- n-em-Im-

sX AΩ-bpsS IÆn¬ \n∂v IÆp-\o¿Øp-

≈n-Iƒ AS¿∂v Ahs‚ inc- n-te°v hoWp.

Ahs‚ D≈nse I\-ens\ sISp-Ønb Pe-

]-hm-l-ambn AXp amdn. AΩsb th≠m-

Ø, Ahs‚ D≈n¬ I\-emb ]W-bn\n

Ahs‚ a\- n¬ \n∂p ad-™p. AΩ

Ahs\ ]nSn-s®-gp-t∂¬∏n®v amtdm-S-W-®p.

Hcp a\p-jy≥ as‰mcp a\p-jys‚ shfn-

®-am-IWw. Np‰pw A‘-Imcw ap‰n-\n¬°p-

tºmƒ Ahn-S-ß-fn-se√mw ]Imiw ]cØn

a‰p-≈-hsc \∑-bn-te°v \bn-°-Ww. hyh-

ÿ-Iƒ IqSmsX kvt\ln-°p-hm≥ \ap°p

Ign-b-Ww. kvt\l-iq-\y-X-bpsS I\-en¬

Fcn-bp-∂-hsc XWp-∏n-°Ww. ]usemkv

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ho£-

W-Øn¬ CtX-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂Xp C]-Im-

c-am-Wv: ""\√-Xns\ kvt\ln-°p-I, a\p-

jys\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXn-t\-

°mƒ ][m-\-ambn as‰m∂pw Xs∂-bn-√.

]mcw-`-Øn¬ tXm∂p-∂-Xp-t]mse AX

Ffp-∏-a√ AXv. H∂m-aXv \√-sX∂v tXm-

∂p∂ ]eXpw \√-X-s√∂v ]e-t∏mgpw

A\p-`hw sImt≠ a\p-jy≥ ]Tn-°p-∂p-

≈q. A\p- hw sIm≠p-t]mepw ]Tn-°m-Ø-

h-cm-W-[n-I-hpw.

(teJ-I≥ \ncWw `Zm-k-\-Ønse

sshZn-I\pw Xncp-h√ Fw.Pn.-Fw. lb¿

sk°‚dn kvIqƒ dn´b¿Uv A≤ym-]-I-

\p-am-Wv.)

teJ\w

a

16

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


a

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn bYm¿∞Ah-Im-in-bpsS ssIbn¬

^m. aØmbn CS-b-\m¬

ae-¶c k` H∂mbn \nev°p-tºmƒ 1889-

˛¬ ÿm]n-X-am-b-XmWv Xr°p-∂Øv skan-

\m-cn. A¶-amen Zm-k-\-Øns‚ Bÿm-

\-ambn ]h¿Øn-®p-h∂ Cu skan-\mcn

1912- -ep-≠mb I£n- n-∂-Xsb XpS¿∂v ]mXn-

b¿°okv ]£-Øns‚ ssIh-i-Øn-em-bn.

1958-˛¬ kp]ow tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p-≠mb

A¥na hn[n-b-\p-k-cn®v ]mXn-b¿°okv

]£w ssIhiw h®n-cp∂ ]≈n-Ifpw Hm¿Ø

-tUmIvkv ]£-Øn\v hn´p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xmbpw

AXp-h-sc-bp≈ tImSXn Nnehv tImS-Xn-

bn¬ sIń-h-bvt°-≠-Xmbpw h∂p. KXy-¥-c-

an-√msX ]mXn-b¿°okv ]£w ImtXm-en-

t°-‰ns\ AwKo-I-cn®v k -bn¬ kam-[m\w

D≠m-bn. A∂v Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bpsS

Npa-Xe hln-®n-cp∂ A¶-amen `Zm-k\

saXm-t∏m-eoØm hb-en∏d-ºn¬ Koh¿Kokv

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n 1966- ¬ Imew

sNbvXp. AtX XpS¿∂v A`n. nen-t∏mkv

a-ÿ-X-bn¬ Bbn-cn -t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v

]Jym-]n-°-W-sa∂pw Bh-iy-s∏ v 980/1973

\º¿ Bbn ]mXn-b¿°okv ]£w tIkv

^b¬ sNbvXp. tImSXn B At]£ X≈n-

s°m≠pw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hn`m-K-Øn\v

D≈ Ah-Imiw Dd-∏n-®p-sIm≠pw Ah¿

s°-Xn-cmbn hn[n Iev]n-®p. AtX XpS¿∂p

skan-\mcn _e-ambn ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Bfp-

Isf Iqń-sIm≠v Bep-h-bn-te°v "GreatMarch" \SØn ]cm-P-b-s∏´ kw`hw Ip]-

kn-≤-am-W-t√m. e£yw t\Sm≥ Ign-bmsX

h∂-t∏mƒ Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn ]≈n

CS-hI ]≈n-bmbn ]Jym-]n®p In´p-hm≥

O.S. No. 5/1981 Bbn ]mXn-b¿°okv ]£w

A\ymbw b¬ sNbvXp. Xr°p-∂Øv skan-

\mcn ]≈n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]£-Øns‚

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS t\cn- p≈ c-W-Øn-

em-sW∂pw CS-hI ]≈n-b-s√∂pw Cu

tI nepw Ah¿s°-Xn-cmbn hn[n D≠m-bn.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√m If-IvS-dpw Beph

t]meokv kq]-≠pw Ccp-`m-K-tØbpw

Hmtcm ]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®v

FSpØ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ H∏v h®p.

Cu Xocp-am-\-a-\p-k-cn®v Xr°p-∂Øp

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ status quo AtX-]Sn XpS-cpw.

Ac-a-\bpw Nm∏epw ImtXm-en°m hn`m-K-

Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-\n-b-¥-WØnepw A[n-Im-

c-Ønepw Bbn-cn-°pw. \mep I_dpIfpw

]I¬ kabw Xpd-∂n-Sp∂Xpw -‡-P-\-ßƒ

Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn h∂v ]m¿∞n-°m≥ Ah-

kcw sImSp-°p-∂-Xpam-Wv. am¿ sXtbm- n-

temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS I_-dn-¶¬ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv hn`mKw Ct∏mƒ sNøp-∂Xp-t]mse

I_¿ apdn-bpsS AIØp Ibdn [q]w hbv°p-

∂Xpw aq∂p Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS I_-dn-¶¬

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hn`mKw Ct∏mƒ sNøp-

∂-Xp-t]mse Ah¿ apdn-bpsS ]pd-Øp-\n∂p

amXw [q]w hbv°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-

Isf amXta AIØp Ib-‰p-I-bp-≈q.

Ccp-hn- m-K-Øn-sebpw sshZo-I-ÿm-\n-

Iƒ°v ]qń-°n-S-°p∂ ]≈n-bntem ]≈n-

tbmSp tN¿∂pff apdn-bnse aq∂p I_-dn-

S-Øntem ]th-i\w C√. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`bv°v \ymb-ambn e`n-t°≠ Ah-Im-

i-ßƒ th≠∂v h®Xv A¥na hn[n-Xo¿∏p-

hsc kam-[m\w \ne\n¿Ø-W-sa∂ kZp-

t±-i-Øn-emWv. F∂m¬ Ign™ P\p-hcn

25-˛mw XobXn cmXn 144 ]Jym-]n®v Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv hn`m-KsØ Ac-a-\-bv°p-≈n¬

XS-™p-h-bv°p-Ibpw tImSXn DØ-chpw

tcJm-aq-e-ap≈ DS-º-Snbpw ewLn®v A[n-

Im-cn-Iƒ tXmakv am¿ Znh-∂mtkym-kns\

]th-in-∏n-°p-IbpamWv sNbvX-Xv. CXn\v

apºv tIcfw `cn® Hcp k¿°mcpw CX

]£-]m-X-]-c-ambn s]cp-am-dn-bn-ń-√.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-a-°ƒ kXy-Ønepw

\oXn-bnepw ASn-bp-d-®p \n∂p-sIm≠v k`-

bpsS ]≈n-Ifpw kzØp-°fpw ImØv kq£n-

°p-hm≥ ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-cm-Wv. k`m-kz-Øp-

°ƒ ]¶p-sh-bv°p-hm≥ B¿°pw Ah-Im-

i-an-√. AI-a-Øn\pw A\o-Xn°pw FXn-cm

bn Hcp-an®v t]mcm-Sp-hm≥ \ap°p Ign-™m¬

Hcp i‡n°pw \sΩ XI¿°p-hm-\m-hn-√.

BXy-¥nI-ambn kXyw Xs∂ Pbn-°pw.

(CS-b-\m-e-®≥ Xr°p-∂Øp skan-

\mcn amt\-Pcpw ]≈n hnIm-cn-bp-am-Wv.)

teJ\w

\oXn-\ymb tImSXn hgn Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°m≥ km≤y-a-s√∂p I≠-t∏mƒ _e-]-tbm-K-Øn-eq-sSbpw cmjvSo-b-°msc kzm[o-\n®pw skan-\mcnssIh-i-am-°p-hm≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv ]£w X¥-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-a-°ƒ kXy-Ønepw \oXn-bnepw ASn-bp-d-®p \n∂p-sIm≠v k -bpsS ]≈n-Ifpw kzØp-°fpw ImØv kq£n-°p-hm≥ ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-cm-Wv. k`m-kz-Øp-°ƒ ]¶p-sh-bv°p-hm≥ B¿°pw Ah-Im-i-an-√.

am¿ sXtbm- n-temkv Xncp-ta\n A¶-amen

`Zm-k-\-Øns‚ Npa-Xe hln-®p-sIm≠v

Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-k-am-°n.

1934-˛se `c-W-L-S\ AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v

H∂mb ae-¶c k` A\p-Zn\w ]ptcm-K-Xn-

bn-te°v IpXn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.

]¥≠v h¿j-Øn-\p-tijw ]mXn-b¿-

°okv ]£w k`-bn¬ `n∂-X-bpsS hnØv

hnX-®p-sIm≠v kam-[m-\-Øn\v Xpc¶w

h®p. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ae-¶c k`-

b-dn-bmsX `c-W-L-S\ ewLn-®p-sIm≠v

taev]-´-°msc hmgn-®-b-bv°m≥ XpS-ßn.

tXmakv am¿ Znh-∂mtkymkv A¶-amen Zm

-k\ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-sW∂v kzbw Ah

-Im-i-s∏- p-sIm≠v Bƒ kzm[o-\-ap≈ ]≈n-

-I-fn¬ IS∂p Ib-dm≥ XpS-ßn. Beph Xr°p-

-∂Øv skan-\mcn ImtXm-en°m ]£-Øn\v

Ah-Im-i-s∏- -X-s√∂pw AXv Xß-fpsS DS-

CXn-s\√mw ]pdta ]mXn-b¿°okv

]£-Øns‚ tijvT-_m-hm A¶-am-en,

sIm®n, I≠-\mSv `Zm-k-\-ß-fnse Hcp

]≈n-bnepw ]th-in-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-sb∂v

O.S. 21/2001 tI n¬ ]≈n tImS-Xn-bn¬

\n∂pw hn[n-bp-≠m-bn. CXn-s\-Xnsc Unhn-

j≥_-©n¬ ]mXn-b¿°okv ]£w A∏o¬

sImSp-sØ-¶nepw AXv X≈n \ntcm-[\w

imiz-X-ambn Dd-∏n-®p-sIm≠v tImSXn

Xo¿∏p Iev]n-®p. Cu \ntcm-[\w C∂pw

]m_-ey-Øn-ep-≠v.

\oXn-\ymb tImSXn hgn Xr°p-∂Øv

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°m≥

km≤y-a-s√∂p I≠-t∏mƒ _e-]-tbm-K-

Øn-eq-sSbpw cmjvSo-b-°msc kzm[o-\n®pw

skan-\mcn ssIh-i-am-°p-hm≥ ]mXn-

b¿°okv ]£w X¥-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. 2005- ¬ apJy-a¥n DΩ≥Nm-≠nbpw

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 17

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

(1)

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn kw_-‘n®v

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv˛bm-t°m-_mb hn`m-K-

ßƒ XΩn¬ N¿®sNbvXp apJy-a-¥n-

bpsS km∂n-[y-Øn¬ FSpØ Xocp-am-

\-ßƒ

1. Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\m-cn -bn¬

statusquo AtX-]Sn XpS-cpw.

Ac-a-\bpw Nm∏epw ImtXm-en°m

hn`m-K-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-\n-b-¥-W-Ønepw

A[n-Im-c-Ønepw Bbn-cn°pw 24˛7˛05

Rmb-dmgvN apX¬ dh. ^m. t_m_n

h¿Kokv Ac-a-\-Nm-∏-en¬ hn. Ip¿_m\

A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. ]≈n ]qń-In-S-°p-∂Xp IqSn-bm-tem-

N\ hgn ]pXnb Xocp-am\w D≠m-Ip-∂-

Xp-hsc CtX \ne XpS-cp-∂-XmWv

3. \mep I_dpw cmhnse 7 aWn

apX¬ sshIp-t∂cw 7 aWn-hsc Xpd∂p

CSp-∂Xpw `‡-P-\ßƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-

cmbn h∂p ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw

sImSp-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu ka-

bØp Iq´mbn h∂p ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥

Ah-kcw D≠m-Ip-∂-X-√.

4. C∂v(23.7.05) i\n sshIp-t∂cw

7.30 apX¬ 8.30 hsc I_-dn-¶¬ ]m¿∞n-

°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

Pqsse 31˛\v Rmb-dmgvN apX¬ F√m

Rmb-dm-gvN-bn-epw

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn:2005˛se Icm¿

Sd/-apJy-a¥n

23.7.05

Sd/-Pn√m Ie-IvS¿

23.7.05

Sd/-Fw. hml_v sF.]n.-F-kv.

kq]≠v Hm^v t]meokv

23.7.05

Sd/-tPm¿Pv amXyp

23.7.05

Sd/-^m. tUm. H. tXmakv

23.7.05

(H∏p-h-®-h-cn¬ tPm¿Pv amXyp ]mXn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-Øns‚ A¬amb SÃn-bpw^m. Hm. tXmakv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsSA∂sØ sshZnISÃn-bp-am-Wv.)

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn:

ÿnXn-hn-hcw

Beph Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\m-cn-

sb∂p s]mXpsh Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ sI´p-

h-f-∏n-ep≈ ÿm]-\-ßƒ ChbmWv:

1. skan-\mcns°ń-S-ßƒ -˛ -Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k -bpsS A[n-Im-c-Ønepw

\nb-¥-W-Øn-epw.

2. skan-\m-cn-tbmSp tN¿∂p≈ Nm∏¬

˛ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS A[n-

Im-c-Ønepw \nb-¥-W-Øn-epw.

3. skan-\mcn ]≈n (Ct∏mƒ ]qń-°n-

S-°p-∂p).

4. skan-\mcn ]≈n-tbm-Sp-tN¿∂v hS-

°p -h-i-Øp≈ I_¿ apdn. CXn¬

IS-hn¬ ]utemkv am¿ AØm-\m-

tkym-kv, Ip-‰n-°m- n¬ ]utemkv am¿

AØm-\m-tkym-kv, hb-en∏-d-ºn¬

Koh¿Kokv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv F∂n-

h-cpsS I_-dp-Iƒ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.

ae-¶-c-k` H∂m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ IS-hn¬

]utemkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-

kns‚ Ime-Øm-Wv skan-\mcn \n¿Ωn-

®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-tijw ae-¶c

saXm-t∏m-eoØm ]pen-t°m-ń¬

tPmk v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-

as‚ `c-W-Øn¬ h∂p. 1912˛¬ k`-

bn¬ ]nf¿∏p-≠m-b-t∏mƒ Ip‰n-°m-

ń¬ ]utemkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-

kns‚ ssIhiw h∂p tN¿∂p.

Ct±lw ]n∂oSv ]mXn-b¿°okv hn`m-

-K-Øns‚ t\Xm-hm-bn. 1953 apX¬

]mXn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-Øns‚ hb-

en-∏-d-ºn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ KntKm-dn-

tbmkv Xs‚ Bÿm-\-am-°n. 1958˛se

k`m tbmPn-∏n-s\-Øp-S¿∂v Xr°p-∂-

Øp skan-\m-cn-bp-ƒs∏´ A¶-amen Zm-

-k\w ]q¿W-ambpw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-

eo-Øm-bpsS Iogn¬ ImtXm-en-t°-

‰nse saXm-k-\-am-hp-Ibpw 1959˛¬

ImtXm-en°m \¬Inb \nb-a\ I¬

]-\-]-Imcw Koh¿Kokv am¿ KotKm

-dn-tbmkn\v Npa-Xe \¬Ip-Ibpw 1966˛¬

At±lw Imew sNøp-∂-Xp-hsc B

ÿm\Øp XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿

∂v tUm. ^nen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm-

^n-temkv Npa-X-e-tb-‰p. 1997˛¬

At±lw Imew sNbvXp.

5. ^nen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-tem-

kns‚ I_-dnSw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂

apdn. CXv aq∂p Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS

I_¿ apdn-tbmSp tN¿∂v \n¿Ωn-®n-

´p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.

a

(2)

sshIp-t∂cw 4 apX¬ 5 hsc 50˛¬

(A≥]-Xn¬)-Iq-SmØ hn[-Øn¬ hnizm-

kn-Isf ]m¿∞-\-bv°p-th≠n Ib-‰p-∂-

Xm-Wv.

am¿ sXtbm- n-temkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

I_-dn-¶¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hn`mKw

Ct∏mƒ sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse I_-dp-ap-dn-

bpsS AIØp Ibdn [q]w hbv°p-∂Xpw

aq∂v Xncp-ta-\n-am-cpsS I_-dn¶¬ Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv hn`mKw Ct∏mƒ [q]w shbv°p-

∂-Xp-t]mse Ah¿ apdn-bpsS ]pd-Øp-\n-

∂p-amXw [q]w shbv°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

hnizm-kn-Iƒ amXta AIØp Ib-dp-I-

bp-≈q.

Cu Xocp-am-\-ßƒ t]meokv ]q¿Æ-

ambpw \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-XmWv.

GEORGIAN MIRROR

EXCLUSIVE

18

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


sI.sF. nen-∏v d-ºm≥ Xs‚ hnZym- ymk

Imew apX¬ tiJ-cn-®p-h-®n-cp∂ Z-imw-iw-

D-]tbm-Kn-®mWv ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-

\-Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn-®Xv. ]pXp-∏mSn sk‚ v

t]mƒkv Bi-a-Ønse _Z¿lpUv AwK-

ßƒ Chn-SsØ ipiq-j-Iƒ°v t\Xr-Xzw

\evIp∂p. _lp. ]n.Fw. tXmakv dºm-

®\pw _lp. tPmk-^v sh≠-d-∏n≈n

A®≥ Dƒs∏sS ]e -tijvT sshZn-Icpw

CXns‚ BZy-Ime hf¿®°v ssZhw D]-

tbm-Kn-®-h-cn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

_lp. tXmakv h¿Kokv (_nPp) A®s‚

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ct≠m aqt∂m ktlm-Z-c-

ß-fmWv (Brothers) Ct∏mƒ Chn-SsØ

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-∂-Xv.

kao-]Øp Xs∂-bp≈ sk‚ v KotKm-

dn-tbmkv IÆm-ip-]-Xn-bn¬ 5000Øne-

[nIw t\X-i-kvX-In-b-Iƒ CXn-\Iw hnP-

b-I-c-ambn \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. tkh-\ -k-∂-

≤-cmb ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ AXns‚ ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ°v XW¬ \evIp-∂p.

F√m-h¿°pw Bizm-k-ambn ]. ]cp-a-

e -Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS \ma-Øn-ep≈ Hcp at\m-

bm®mcw: `qan-bn¬ kz¿§-Øns‚]Xo-Iw.

B‘m-]-tZ-in¬ sslZ-cm-_mZv \mKm¿

Pq\-km-K¿ sslth-tbmSv tN¿∂v cwK-sd-

Õn UnkvSn-IvSn-emWv bm®mcw F∂ Kmaw.

1985˛¬ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` hI-

bmbn k`m-cXv\w tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿

HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Zo¿L-

ho-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw anj-\dn kv]ncn-‰n-

s‚bpw ê-ambn ÿm]n-X-amb Cu

ÿm]\w C∂v IpjvT-tcm-Kn-I-fpsS IpjvT-

an-√mØ 110 Ip™p-ß-fpsS mhn hgnØmc-

bmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

C¥y-bpsS \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-

ap≈ PmXn-a-X-hy-Xymkßƒ IqSmsX 3

hb v apX¬ 20 hb- p-hsc ]mb-ap≈

110 BÏp- nI-fmWv ChnsS At¥-hm-kn-

Iƒ F¬.-sI.-Pn. apX¬ F≥Pn-\n-b-dnMv

_ncp-Z-Xew hsc Ah¿ ]Tn-°p-∂p.

]. k`-bpsS \ntbm-K-]-Imcw _lp.

bm®mcw sk‚ v KntKm-d-n-tbmkv _meKmw ^m. sI.‰n. ^nen∏v

bm®mcw _me-Km-anse Ipń-Iƒ°p-th≠n Xøm-dm-°nb Inkvakv Im¿Up-I-fp-ambn ]mem-

cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hen-b-]-≈n-bnse k¨tU kvIqƒ Ipń-Iƒ \nbp‡

saXm≥ hµy sb¬tZm dºm\pw k¨tU -kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-cp-sam-Øv.

k`-bpsS Poh-Im-cpWy ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-hp-Iae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bpsS

At\Iw Poh-Im-cp-Wy-]-h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-

Ifpw tIµ-ßfpw C∂v tIc-f-Øn-\p-≈n

epw tIc-f-Øn\p ]pdØpw ]S¿∂p ]¥-

en®p \n¬°p-∂p F∂Xns\-°p-dn®v k`mw

-K-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ ]e¿°pw icn-bmb [mc-

W-bn√ F∂Xv Hcp kXy-am-Wv. ]. ImtXm

-en°m _mhm c£m-[n-Im-cnbpw ko\n-b¿

saXm-t∏m-eoØm A`n. Koh¿Kokv am¿

HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]kn-U‚m-

bpw cq]o-I-cn-®n- p≈ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUm

Ivkv k`m anj≥ skmssk‰n & anj≥

t_m¿Uv 1980- ¬ cq]o-Ir-X-am-bn. C∂v anj≥

t_m¿Uns‚ Iogn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp ]h¿

Øn-°p∂ \mev]-tXmfw Poh-Im-cpWy

tIµ-ß-fp-≠v. IqSmsX k -bnse hnhn[

CS-h-I-Ifpw ]ÿm-\-ßfpw hy‡n-Ifpw

\S-Øp∂ tIµ-ß-fpw At\-I-ap-≠v. k -

bpsS Iogn-ep≈ Cu ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS ]q¿

Whnh-cßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp ssI∏p-

kvXIw anj≥ t_m¿Uv CubnsS ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

bm®mcw sk. KntKm-dn-tbmkv _me

Kmw t]mse Xs∂ IpjvT-tcm-Kn-I-fpsS

IpjvT-tcm-K-an-√mØ BÏp-ń-Iƒ°p

th≠n-bp-≈-XmWv a≤y-]-tZ-in¬ C‰m¿

kn-bn-ep≈ sk. t]mƒkv _me-Kmw. ChnsS

Ct∏mƒ 38 Ipń-I-fp-≠v. CtX Ah-ÿbn-

ep≈ s]Ïp-ń-Iƒ°p-th≠n alm-cm-

jvS-bnse ]qs\- ASpØv am¿ap-Un-bn-ep-

≈-XmWv sk. tPm¿Pv _men-ImKmw (40

Ipń-Iƒ).

IpjvT-tcm-K-tØ-°mƒ amc-Ihpw `b-

P-\y-hp-amWv C∂v FbnUvkv tcmKw. CØcw

tcmKn-I-fpsS FbvUvkv tcmK-an-√mØ Ipń-

Iƒ°p th≠n k` Bcw- n-®n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv

I¿Wm-S-I-bnse XpwIq¿ Pn√-bn¬ `‡-

c-l≈n-bn-ep≈ sk. KntKmdn-tbmkv Zbm-

`-h≥. ap∏Xp Ipń-I-fmWv Ct∏m-gn-hn-sS-

bp-≈-Xv.

Cß-s\-bp≈ Poh-Im-cp-Wy-]-h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ°p th≠n-bmWv k`m-X-e-Øn¬

F√m-h¿jhpw anj≥ k¨tU Ih¿ ]ncnhp

\S-Øp-∂-Xv. Ih¿∏n-cnhmbpw ImWn-°-

h-gn-bmbpw k`mw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p ]ncn-™p

In´p∂ XpI-bpsS hn\n-tbmKw F]-Imcw

GXp ÿm]-\-Øn-\mWv th≠-sX∂v

AXm-Xns‚ ]m[m-\y-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ap≥K-

W\m Ia-Øn¬ anj≥ t_m¿UmWv

Xocp-am-\n®p \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

k -bpsS Poh-Im-cpWy ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

°p≈ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ h¿jw tXmdp-ap≈

anj≥ k¨tU Ih¿ ]ncnhv hgn G‰hpw

hnP-b-]-Z-am-t°-≠Xv Hmtcm k`mw-K-Øn-

s‚bpw IS-a-bm-Wv. a‰h- k-c-ß-fn-ep≈

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ae-¶c k`m anj≥ t_m¿Uv,

(Account Payee cheque to Malankara SabhaMission Board), sk. t]mƒkv anj≥ sk‚¿,

amth-en-°-c-˛3 F∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ Ab-

®p sImSp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kw`m-h\ e`n-

®m-ep-S≥Xs∂ kw`m-h\ \¬Inb Hmtcm

hy‡n°pw IrXy-amb ckoXv Ab®p

sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Iao-I-cWw sNbvXn-

´p-≠v. GXp ÿm]-\-Øn\v kw`m-h\

hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v ZmXm-hn\v Xmev]-

cy-ap-s≠-¶n¬ B hnhcw IØneqsS tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v kw`m-h-\-Iƒ t\cn-

-b-°m\pw kuI-cy-ap-≠v. CØcw kw`m-

h-\-Iƒ°pw IrXy-amb ckoXv ÿm]-\-

ßfn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 19

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

a

sIm®n sePn-kvtf-‰ohv Iu¨kn-

en¬ XpS¿®-bmbn \mep-X-hW AwK-am-bn-

cp∂p Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ sI.Sn. amXyp. Znhm≥

kn.Pn. ssl¿_¿ v sF.kn.-F-kv. A≤y£

]Zhn Ae-¶-cn® sIm®n- \n-b-a-k-`-bn¬

sI.Sn. amXyq U]yqń ]kn-U‚m-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu \ne-bnemWv sIm®n cmPyNcn-X-Øn¬

sI.Sn. amXyp-hns‚ \maw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw tIc-f-P-\X \µn-]q¿∆w

kvacn-t°≠ as‰mcp hninjvS I¿Ωw sI.Sn.

amXyq sNbvXn- p-≠v tIc-f-Øn¬ BZy-ambn

Hcp A‘- -_-[n-c- -aqI hnZym-ebw ÿm]n-

®Xp Ip∂w-Ipfw hS-°q v tImemSn Xmhp-

hn-s‚bpw Ff-®m-dn-s‚bpw ]pX-\mb sI.Sn.

amXyp-hmWv. Cu alm-flm-hns‚ Poh-N-cn-

X-amWv ]n.kn. amXyp ]pen-t°m- n¬ Fgp-

Xnb "io. sI.Sn. amXyp FIvkv Fw.F¬.-kn.'

aZmkv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂p

_n.F¬. ]m mb sI.Sn. amXyq A`n- m-j-

I-\mbn ]h¿Øn-°msX Hcp bqtdm-]y≥

s]tSmƒ Iº-\n-bn¬ Hmô-k-dm-bn- mWv

HutZym-KnI PohnXw Bcw- n-®-Xv. ]n∂oSv

At±-lw Hmdn-b‚¬ sse v C≥jp-d≥kv

Iº-\n-bn¬ Hmô-k-dm-bn. sImfw-t_m-bn¬

tPmen sNøp-tºmƒ 1940˛¬ DtZym-K-Øn¬

\n∂p cmPnh®p P∑\mń-te°p aS-ßn.

1895˛¬ P\n® sI.Sn amXyq 1946˛¬ Aº-

Øn-sbm∂mw hb- n¬ A¥-cn-®p.

Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ Hcp kpdnbm\n Inkv-

Xym\n IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n® sI.Sn. amXyq-

hns‚ PohnXw Xs‚ HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-

Øn\n-S-bn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏- p t]msb∂v Bcpw

Icp-X-cp-Xv. A∂v _n.F, _n.F¬ ]m m-

PmeIw

t]mƒ aW-en¬

Hcp alm-flm-hns‚ Pohn-X-IY

bm¬ sIm®ncmPyØp \nb-a-h-Ip-∏n¬ tNcmw.

PUvPnbpw No v PÃokpw hsc BImw.

sI.Sn. amXyp Xnc-s™-SpØXv Hcp

DtZym-K-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ a\-

n¬ Hcp kaq-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v

]n¬°m-e-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ImWp-tºmƒ

\ap-°p a\- n-em-Ipw. AXmWv At±l-

Øns‚ Pohn-XØns‚ ]tXy-IX.

]P-Isf c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-

°m≥ sIm®n alm-cm-Pmhv Xocp-am-\n-®-Xns\

XpS¿∂mWv AhnsS \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`

tk-h-\-am-Wv. kmº-ØnI t\ -ßƒ H∂p-

an√m-bn-cp-∂p. H∂mw Iu¨kn-en¬ At±lw

anI® ]I-S\w ImgvN-h-®-Xmbn sIm®n

sePn-kvtf-‰ohv s]mko-UnMvkn¬ ImWmw.

1928˛se c≠mw Iu¨kn¬ Ce-£-

\n¬ sI.Sn. amXyq tXmev]n-®Xp ]cp-h-°m-

ń¬ A∏p-Æn-ta-t\ms\ Bbn-cp-∂p. sIm®n

cmPysØ ImW-°p-Sn-bm-∑m-cpsS Ah-Im-i-

ßƒ kwc-£n-°m≥ c≠mw Iu¨kn-en¬

sI.Sn. amXyp hotdmsS hmZn-®n- p-≠v. ImW-

°p-Sn-bm-∑m-cpsS Bh-iy-ßsf°pdn®p P\-

ßsf t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°m≥ sI.Sn. amXyp-

hns‚ ]Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ "IpSn-bm≥]XnI'

Fs∂mcp amkn-Ibpw \S-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse

kPoh AwK-am-bn-cp∂ sI.Sn. amXyp-hmWv

1928˛¬ sIm®n-bn¬ h®p \m´p-cmPy ]Pm-

tk-h-\hpw ka-kvX-tI-cf IpSn-bm≥ ktΩ-

f-\hpw hnfn-®p-Iq- m≥ t\XrXzw \¬In-b-

sX-∂v Hm¿°p-tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ cmPy-

tk-h-\-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hø. \m´p-

cm-Py-ß-fnse ]P-Iƒ°p tIm¨Kkv ]cn-

K-W\ \¬Ip-∂n-s√∂p Nq≠n-°mń sI.Sn.

amXyp Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp-hn\p IØ-b-

®p. amXyphns‚ ho£-W-tØmSp A\p- mhw

hy‡-am°n s\lvdp Hcp adp-]-Snbpw Ab®p.

sIm®n-bn¬ emem ePv]-Xvdm-bn-bpsS A≤y-

£-X-bn¬ \S∂ \m´p-cmPy ]Pm-ktΩ-f-

\-Øn¬ h®p sI.Sn. amXyp-hns\ kwL-S-\-

bpsS AJn-te¥ym skI-´-dn-bmbn Xnc-

s™-Sp-Øp.

aq∂mw Iu¨kn-en¬ sI.Sn. amXyq

tXmev]n-®Xp ]g™n ]pen-t°m- n¬ tNdp-

h-°o-en-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1931˛¬ Aßs\

Ip∂w-Ip-fØp \n∂p ho≠pw At±lw

sIm®n Iu¨knen¬ FØn. k¿°m-cns‚

l-c-amb Nm∏¬ Chn-sS-bp-≈Xv Ipń-I-

ƒ°pw apXn¿∂-h¿°pw ssZh-kw-k¿§-Øn-

\mbn th¿Xn-cn-°s∏´ hnip≤ tZhm-e-b-

ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

kao-]Øp Xs∂ ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p∂ hr≤

-`-h-\hpw Ai-c-W-cpsS Bim-tI-µ-am-Wv.

\ΩpsS k`-bpsS C]-Im-c-ap≈ ]h¿

Ø-\-ß-ƒ°v Xmßpw XWepw GIp-hm\pw

]m¿∞-\-sIm≠pw kmº-ØnI ssIØm-

ß¬ sIm≠pw kµ¿i\w sIm≠pw AXn-

ep-]cn ka¿∏-W-Po-hn-X-ap≈ ktlm-Z-c-

ßƒ Xß-ƒ°v ssZhw \evIp∂ Pohn-X-

Øns‚ Hcp `mK-sa-¶nepw \o°n h®p-

sIm≠pw C]-Im-c-ap≈ ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬

k-`-bpsS ipiqj sNøp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-

°p-Ibpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬

BbXv \nXy-X-bn-te-°p≈ Hcp apX¬

Iq´pw ssZh-cm-PyØns‚ sI´p-]-Wn-bn-

ep≈ Hcp kPoh]¶m-fn-Øhpw Bbn-cn°pw

F∂-Xn\v kwi-b-an-√. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bv°v Ht´sd BXp-cm-e-b-ß-

fp-≠v. Ahn-sS-sb√mw \nkzm¿∞-cmb

]h¿Ø-I-cpsS tkh-\hpw Bh-iy-ap-≠v.

hntZ-i-bq-Wn-th-kn-‰n-I-fnepw a‰pw ]Tn-°p-

∂-hcpw ]cn-io-en-°p-∂-hcpw sNøp-∂-Xp-

t]m-se, \ΩpsS bph-Xo-bp-hm-°fpw hnhn-

[- tIm-gvkp-Isfm ]co-£-Isfm ]m mbn

Aev]-Im-e-tØs°-¶nepw C]-Im-c-ap≈

ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ ipiq-jn-°p-∂Xv hen-sbm-

cp -ssZ-hm-\p-K-l-am-bn-cn-°pw. tkh\w Ign

™v tPmen-bn-em-bm¬ Zimw-iw-sIm≠pw

kµ¿i\w sIm≠pw XpS¿-∂pw ÿm]-\-\-

ßsf klm-bn-°m≥ k∑-\- p-≈-h¿°v

km[n-°pw.

hn. aØmbnbpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬

\ΩpsS I¿Ømhv Acp-fn-s®-bvXn-cn-°p∂

""sImbvØp hfscbp≠p kXyw, the-

°mtcm Npcp-°w'' (aØm. 9:37) F∂-hmIyw

\ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ams‰m-en- sIm-≈s´

F∂v \ap°v ]m¿∞n-°mw.

cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ \S-]-Sn-bp-≠m-b-Xv. AX-\p-k-

cn®p sIm®n≥ Iu¨kn¬ sdKp-te-j≥

D≠m-bn. 1925˛¬ sIm®n \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW

k`-bn-te°v BZy Xnc-s™-Sp∏p \S∂-

t∏mƒ Ip∂w-IpfsØ ÿm\-\m¿∞-nbm-bn.

Xe-∏n-≈n cmP-hw-i-Øn¬s∏´ aW-°pfw

Xºp-cms\ tXmev]n®p -sIm-≠mWv s]tSmƒ

Iº-\n-bn¬ Hmô-k-dm-bn-cp∂ sI.Sn. amXyp

Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ Pbn-®-Xv. Iu¨kn¬ AwK-

am-IpI F∂m¬ A∂sØ e£yw cmPy-

20

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


Xnc-»oe

blq-Z-∑m-cpsS tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ LS-\-

bpw Ah-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-co-Xnbpw Inkv-

Xob tZhm-e-b-ß-sf-bpw Ah-cpsS Bcm-

[-\m-co-Xn-sbbpw Imcy-ambn kzm[o-\n-®n- p-

≠v. blqZ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ AXn-hn-ip≤

ÿe-Øns‚bpw hnip≤ ÿe-Øns‚

ap≥]n¬ Xnc-»o-e-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ aZv_lm

(hnip-≤-ÿ-e-Øns‚) apºn¬ amXsa Xnc-

»o-e-bp-≈q. Cu Xnc-»o-e-bpsS a≤y-Øn¬

Ipcn-in-s‚-tbm ]mhn-s‚-tbm NnXw sIm-

≠v Ae-¶-cn-®n-cn-°pw. ss_k‚nb≥ k`-

bn¬ XSn-sIm-≠p≈ hmXn-emWv aZv_-

lmsb ad-bv°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ A¿Ωo-\n-b≥,

tIm]v‰nIv kÌfn¬ \ΩptSXp t]me-

bp≈ Xnc-»oe D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

I. Xnc-»oe F¥ns‚ ]Xo-I-amWv?

1. kz¿§-sØbpw `qan-sbbpw th¿Xn-cn-

bv°p∂ BImi afi-e-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-

amWp Xnc-»oe (Dev]Øn 1:8). ]ptcm-ln-

X-\pw siΩm-i-∑mcpw ipiq-j-Icpw aZv_-

lm-bn¬ \n∂pw Bcm-[-\m-k-aqlw aZv_-

lm-bpsS shfn-bn¬ (ssl°-em-bn¬)

\n∂p-amWv Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv. aZv_-lm-bn¬

hn. Ip¿_m-\-bnse ]Xo-I-ßƒs]m^. tXmakv ]n. h¿-Kokv

D≈-h-cpw ssl°-em-bn¬ D≈-hcpw (hnizm-

kn-Iƒ) H∂n®v ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-

tºmƒ ad (Xnc-»oe) \o°p-∂p. B kµ¿ -

ßƒ ]n∂oSv hni-Zo-I-cn-°mw. ad-\o-°n-Im-

W-s∏-Sp∂ aZv_lm kz¿§-Øns‚ ]Xo-

I-am-Wv.

2. \nXy-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ AZr-iym-h-

ÿsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]Xo-I-amWp Xnc-

a-bØv aZv_-lmsb ad-®n-cn-°p∂ Xnc-»oe

\o°p-∂p.

4. tbipInkvXp-hns‚ Ipcn-inse

XI¿∂ ico-c-Øns‚ ]Xn-cq-]-amWv Xnc-

»o-e. F_m. 10:20¬ \mw hmbn-°p∂p:

""Xs‚ icocw F∂ Xnc-»o-e-bn-eqsS

Ah≥ \ap°v Pohs‚ ]pXp-hgn Xpd∂p

X∂n-cn-°p-∂p.'' \mw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬

hnizm-k -k-Xy-ßƒ

»o-e. a\p-jys‚ ]m]-am-

Ip∂ ad -\o -°n -bm¬

amXsa ssZhsØ Z¿in-

°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q-

sh∂p Xnc-»oe \sΩ

H¿Ωn∏n-°p-∂p.

3. Xnc-»oe ssZhhpw

a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ cl-

kym -flI _‘sØ

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Xs‚ Ipcn-

ip-a-cW ka-bØv sbcq-

itew tZhm-e-b-Øns‚ ad-

s\-SpsI Iodn. X∂n¬

Dƒs°m-≠n-cp∂ ssZho

Iclkyw tbip shfp-s∏-

Sp-Øn-b-Xp-t]mse hn. Ip¿

_m\ Fgp-∂-≈n-°p∂ k-

aZy-\-b-Ønse hogvN-Iƒ Cu Ime-L-´-

Øn¬ At±lw Iu¨kn-en¬ Nq≠n-°m- n.

sIm®n cmPyØv Hcp hmWnPy˛hy-h-kmb

hIp∏v Bcw- n-°-W-sa∂v BZyw ]kw-Kn-

®Xpw amXyp-hm-Wv. aq∂mw Iu¨kn-en¬

AwK-am-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv Iu¨kn-ens‚

U]yqń ]kn-U‚mbn 1934˛¬ thms -Sp-∏n¬

At±lw Pbn-®-Xv. \mep du≠n-embn \S-

Ønb thms -Sp-∏n-emWv At±lw Xnc-s™-

Sp-°-s∏- -Xv. \mep du≠nepw At±lw ap∂n-

se-Øn. A∂p \nb-a-k- -bn¬ a¥n-am-cn-√.

hIp∏v A≤y-£-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p tNmZy-ßƒ

°p adp-]Sn \¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. A≤y-£-]-Z-

hn-bn¬ Ccp∂p Iu¨kn¬ ê-]-Z-ambn

\nb-¥n-°m≥ A∂p sI.Sn. amXyp-hn\p Ign-

™p.

1935˛se \memw Iu¨kn-en-te°v

At±lw Pnbn-®Xp Ip∂w-Ip-fsØ ]n.kn.

Ip™m-Øp-hns\ tXmev]n-®m-bn-cp-∂p. B

ka-bØp sI.Sn. amXyp-hns‚ tPmen sImfw-

t_m-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

sIm®n \nb-a-k- -bn¬ c≠p- a-¥n-amsc

\nb-an-°-W-sa∂ Hcp ]tabw \memw Iu¨

kn-en¬ sI.Sn. amXyp-hmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv.

1938˛se A©mw Iu¨kn-en¬ sIm®n°v

Hcp a¥n D≠m-sb-¶nepw Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb

Imc-W-ß-fm¬ sI.Sn. amXyp Cu Iu¨kn-

en-te°p a’-cn-°m≥ D≠m-bn-√. F¶nepw

sIm®n \nb-a-k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚ Ncn-X-

Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ]I-S-\-ß-ƒ Xnf-°-

am¿∂ A[ym-b-ambn Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p.

C]-Imcw tIc-f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-

Sp-ØmsX t]mb Hcp Ncn-X-amWv Ncn-Xm-

t\z-jn-bmb ]n.kn. amXyp ]pen-t°m- n¬ Cu

KŸ-Øns‚ cN-\-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. sIm®n cmPysØ ]e- cw-K-ß-fn¬

Hcp Ime-L- -Øn¬ tim`n®p \n∂n-cp∂

sI.Sn. amXyp-hns\ Rm≥ Gsd BZ-cn-°p-

∂Xv tIf-Ønse BZysØ A‘- -_-[n-c-

-aqI hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ ÿm]-I≥ F∂

\ne-bn-em-Wv.

kz¥w Pohn-X-Ønse A\p- -h-Øn¬

\n∂p kaq-l-Øns‚ thZ\ Xcn-®-dn-™-

Xns‚ e-am-bn- mWv AØ-c-samcp ]ÿm-

\-Øn\v At±lw XpS°w Ipdn-®-Xv. sI.Sn.

amXyp-hns‚ koa-¥-]pXn tdmkn _[n-c-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. 1934˛¬ Ip∂w-Ip-fØv At±lw Hcp

A‘- -_-[n-c- -aqI hnZym-ebw ÿm]n-®Xv

AØ-c-°m-cpsS Ah-i-X-Iƒ a\- n-

em°nbn- m-Wv. amXyp-hns‚ AIm-e-hn-tbm-

KsØ XpS¿∂p ]n∂oSv Cu kvIqƒ k¿°m-

cns\ Gev]n-®p. Hcp shmt°-j-W¬ lb¿

sk°≥Udn kvIqfmbn anI-®-co-Xn-bn¬

Ip∂w-Ipfw A‘-hn-Zym-ebw ]h¿Øn-®p-

h-cp-∂p.

DØ-a- k- m-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂p sI.Sn.

amXyp. At±-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-]-h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ°p Znim-t_m[w \¬In-bXv B hnizm-

k-am-bn-cp∂p. s]mXp-cw-KØv sI.Sn. amXyp-

hns\ t]mse D∂X Z¿i-\-ß-tfmsS

]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ C∂p hnc-f-am-Wv. sI.Sn.

amXyp s]mXp-]-h¿ØI¿°v Hcp amXr-I-

bm-Wv. ]n.kn. amXyp Cu KŸ-Øn-eqsS

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp Hcp amXrIm cXv\-sØ-

bmWv. CØcw amXr-Im-]pcpj-∑m¿ Cu

kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂p

\sΩ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°m≥ Cu KŸ-c-N\

DX-Ip-sa-∂mWv F\n°p ]d-bm-\p-≈-Xv.

hnip≤ aZv_lm

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 21

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

]th-in-°p-∂Xv tbip-hns‚ ico-c-am-Ip∂

Xncp-»o-e-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

5. ssZh-Øn-¶-te-°p≈ ]th-i\w

tbip BIp∂ hmXn-en¬ IqSn-bmWv; B

hmXn-ens‚ ]Xo-I-amWp Xnc-»o-e. ""Rm≥

hmXn¬ BIp-∂p, F∂n-eqsS IS-°p-∂h≥

c£-s∏-Spw'' (tbml-. 10:9).

II. aZv_lm F¥ns‚ ]Xo-I-amWv?

1. aZv_lm kz¿§-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-am-Wv.

AhnsS \S-°p∂ Bcm-[\ kz¿§ob

Bcm-[-\-bp-sS ]Xo-I-am-Wv. shfn-]mSp

]pkvX-Iw. 4˛mw A≤ymbØn¬ Cu Bcm-

[-\-sb-°p-dn®p ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. ChnsS

ipiqj sNøp∂ ]ptcm-ln-X≥ avinlm-

bpsSbpw siΩm-i-∑m-cpw ipiq-j-Icpw

amem-J-am-cp-sS-bpw aZv_-lm-bn¬ \nd™p

\nev°p∂ ]Imiw ssZh-a-l-Xz-Øn-s‚-

bpw [q]-]-Sew Db-cp-∂Xv sh¨ta-L-Øn-

epw [q]-]-S-e-Ønepw ]Xy-£-s∏´ ssZh-

km-∂n-≤y-Øns‚bpw ]Xo-I-ß-fm-Wv.

2. hn. aZv_lm ko\mbv ae-bpsS ]Xo-

I-am-Wv.

btlm-h-bmb ssZhw hnfn-®-t∏mƒ,

bnktb¬ P\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ßsf

ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v Ah¿°p-th≠n a≤y-

ÿ-\mbn tami ko\mbv ae-bn¬ Ib-dn-

t∏m-Ip-∂Xv ]pd-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mw

hmbn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-t]mse Bcm-[\m

kaq-lsØ Xmgvhc-bm-Ip∂ ssl°-em-

bn¬ \n¿Øn-bn- v, tamibpw Al-tdm-\p-am-

Ip∂ ]´°m-c≥ P\-Øn\p th≠n

]m¿∞n-°m\pw a≤yÿX AW-bv°m-\p-

ambn aZv_-lm-bn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂p. ko-\m-

bv a-e-bnse ]pI-t]mse [q]-°p-‰n-bnse

]pI-bpw ko\m-bva-e-bnse CSn-ap-g-°sØ

A\p-kva-cn-∏n°p∂ adp-_m-km-bpsS Inep-

°-hpw aWn-b-Sn-bpsS i_vZ-hpw aZv_-

lmsb ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse ko\mbv ae-

bpsS ]XoIambn am‰p-∂p.

3. hn. aZv_lm Im¬hcn ae-bm-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ Iqip-a-c-W-k-a-bØv Xs‚

ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw c‡w hm¿s∂m-gp-Ip-

∂Xp ImWp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, hn. aZv_lm-

bn¬ tXmtWmknse A∏ho™p-I-fn¬

I¿Øm-hns\ \mw ImWp∂p.

III tXmtWmkv F¥n-s\-bmWvkqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv

tXmtWmkv F∂p ]d-™m¬ Ko°n¬

knwlm-k\w F∂mWv. tXmtWmkv

kz¿§ob knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-am-Wv.

sbi-ømhv Z¿in® ""Db¿∂pw s]mßn-bp-

ap≈'' knwlm-k-\Øns‚bpw (sbi-ømhv

6:1) tbml-∂m\v D≠mb shfn-]m-Sn¬

(shfn-]mSv 4:2) Z¿in® knwlm-k-\-Øn-

s‚bpw ]Xo-I-amWv tXmtWmkv. hn.

Ip¿_m-\ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv.

tXmtWm-kn\p ]e hymJym-\-ßfpw

]nXm-°-∑m¿ \¬Ip∂p. kµ¿ -Øn\\pk-

cn®v I¿Øm-hns‚ I_-dn-S-am-bpw Poh-hr-

£-amb CΩm-\p-h-em-bpw tKmKp¬Øm-bm-

bpw ]p¬°qSmbpw I¿Ømhv kz¿§m-tcm-

lWw sNbvX Henhv ae-bm-bpw I¿Øm-

hns‚ Xs∂ ]Xo-I-am-bpw tXmtWmkv

NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

A¥y- AØmgw XSn-sIm-≠p≈ tai-

bn-em-bn-cp∂ph-t√m I¿Ømhv A¿∏n-®Xv.

Bb-Xn-\m¬ BZn-a-k` s]mXpsh XSn-sIm-

≠p≈ tXmtWm-kmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-

∂Xv. hnip-≤-∑m-cp-sS-bpw c‡-km-£n-I-fp-

sSbpw I_-dn-S-ßƒ AS-ßnb tdmanse

]pcmX\ qK¿ -tZ-hm-e-b-ß-fn¬ I√p-sIm-

≠p≈ tXmtWmkv Bbn-cp∂p D]-tbm-Kn-

®n -cp -∂-Xv. Hcp tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ Hcp

tXmtWm-kpw Hcp Znhkw Hcp hn. Ip¿_m-

\bpw F∂-XmWv BZn-a-k-`-bpsS ]mc-º-

cyw. ImcWw I¿Øm-hmb tbip-In-kvXp-

hns‚ icocw H∂m-Wv, Ahs‚ c‡-

Ønse ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-\p≈ ]m\-]mXw

H∂m-Wv. ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ aq∂p tXmtWm-

kp-Iƒ ]Wn-bp∂ coXn 17˛mw \q‰m-≠n-\p-

tijw D≠m-bn-´p-≈-XmWv.

tXmtWm-kns‚ km[m-cW Afhv

Dbcw \me-Sn, \ofw BdSn, hoXn aq∂c˛

\meSn F∂n-ß-s\-bm-Wv.

IV. X_v-sseØm F¥mWv?F¥ns‚ ]Xo-I-amWv?

tXmtWm-kns‚ sNdnb cq]-amWp

X_v-sse-Øm. X_v-sseØm D]-tbm-Kn®v

FhnsS thW-sa-¶nepw hn. Ip¿_m\ A¿-

∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv (]≈n-bm-I-W-sa-∂n-√,

GXp sI´n-S-Ønepw X_-vsseØm D]-tbm-

Kn®v hn. Ip¿_m\ A¿-∏n-°mw). CXns‚

apI-fn-emWv Imk-bpw ]o-em-kbpw hbv°p-

∂-Xv. X_vsse-Ømsb I¿Øm-hns‚ Ipcn-

im-bpw tbi-p-InkvXp F∂ aqe-°-√mbpw

Nn¥n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-

emWp k`sb ]Wn-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. X_v-

sseØm XSn-sIm-t≠m am¿_n-fntem D≠m-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]≈n Iq-Zmi sNøp-tºmƒ

X_v-sse-Ømbpw IqZmi sNø-Ww. AXn-

¬ F∂p IqZmi sNbvsX-∂pw Bcv IqZmi

sNbvsX∂pw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°-Ww. X_-vsse-

Ømbv°v tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ ]‰n-bm¬ ]≈n-

bpsS `nØn-tbmSp tN¿Øv Ipgn-®n-S-Ww.

""X_v-sse-Øm-bpsS Afhv: \ofw 18

C©v, hoXn 12 C©v, L\w 1/2 C©v.''

""GI-k-`-bn¬ GI hn. Ip¿_m\''-

sb∂ XØz-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp

X_v-sseØm- Hcp Znhkw Hscm‰ hn. Ip¿_m

-\bv°v amXsa D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈q. AtX

coXn-bn¬ Hcp tXmtWm-kn¬ Hcp hn.

Ip¿_m-\-amXta Hcp Znhkw A¿∏n-°m-

dp-≈q. CXmWp Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-kw.

CS-hI saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw CS-h-

Ibpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ ImWn-°p-

hm\pw X_v-sseØm D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Hcp

`Zm-k-\-Ønse hnhn[ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ A\p-

jvTn-°p∂ hn. Ip¿_m\ CS-hI saXm-

t∏m-eoØmbpambp≈ _‘Øn¬ A¿∏n-

°p-∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-bm-bn-´m-Wv At±lw

IqZmi sNbvX X_v-sseØm D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xv (XpS-cpw).

a]-Xn`m kwKaw 2008

ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS

]Xn`m kwKaw 2008 P\p-hcn 1 \v ]mem-cn-

h´w tXPkv HmUn-t‰m-dn-b-Øn¬ \S-∂p.

SSLC apX¬ k¿∆-I-em-imemXew hsc

hnhn[ ]co-£-I-fn¬ D∂XhnPbw t\Sn-

b-h¿°pw Iem˛Im-bnI cwK-ß-fn¬ anI®

hnPbw Ic-ÿam-°n-b-h¿°pw ]. ImtXm-

en°m _mhm Ahm¿Up-Iƒ hnX-cWw

sNbvXp.

C¥y-bpsS Nµ-bm≥ ZuXy-Øn¬ kp]-

[m\ ]¶p-h-ln® k`mw-Khpw ISRO Satel-lite Centre, Bangalore˛s‚ Ub-d-IvS-dp-amb

tUm. Sn.sI. Ae-Ivkns\ ]. _mhm D]-

lmcw \¬In BZ-cn-®p.

]. _mhm Xncp-ta\n tUm. Sn.sI. Ae-Ivkn\v D]-lmcw \¬Ip-∂p. k`m sshZnISÃn ^m. tUm. tPm¨kv G_lmw tIm\m-´v, A`n. kJ-dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, Iym]v‰≥ cmPp, k`m skI-´dn tUm. tPm¿Pv tPmk^vF∂n-h¿ kao]w

a

22

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


Cu Hm¿Ø-tUm-IvkpIm¿s°¥-dnbmw !]n.hn. amXyp

ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n

k`-bpsS hn. Ip¿∫m\Ia-Ønep≈

"Xp_vtZ≥' Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h¿°pw acn-

®-h¿°pw th≠n \S-Øp∂ a≤yÿ

]m¿∞-\-I-fmWv . CXn¬ H∂mw Xp_vtZ-

\n¬ k`-bpsS tae-≤y-£-∑m-cmb c≠p

]nXm-°-∑msc kvacn-°p∂p: "\ΩpsS

]mXn-b¿°o-k≥am-cmb B_q≥ am¿

C·m-Øn-tbm-kn-s\bpw B_q≥ am¿

_t -en-tbm-kn-s\bpw.' C·m-Øn-tbmkv

F∂Xv kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

bpsS tae-≤y-£-\mb ëAt¥ym-Jy-íbnse

]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s\bpw _t -en-tbmkv

F∂Xv ]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-

bm\n k`-bpsS tae-≤y-£-\mb ImtXm-

en-t°m-kn-s\bpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns\ k -bpsS ëBflobí tae-≤y-

£-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ ae-¶-c-bnse

Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im¿ ]s£ At±-lsØ

Xß-fpsS ]≈n-I-fn¬ Ibdm≥ A\p-h-Zn-

°n-√. amX-a-√, At±-l-Øns‚ kµ¿i-\-

Øn-s\-Xnsc tIkp sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Fs¥mcp hntcm-[m- m-kw! Cu Hm¿Ø-

tUm-Ivkp-Im¿s°-¥-dnbmw!

icn-bt√? GsXmcp At¥ymJym `‡

\pw Cßs\ tNmZn®p t]mbm¬ Ahsc

Ip‰w ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. ]pdwImgvN-°m-cmb

A\y-a-X-ÿ-cmWv Cu tNmZyw D∂-bn-°p-

∂-sX-¶n¬ Ah-tcbpw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-

√. ]s£, Cu Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im-sc∂p

]d-bp-∂-h-cpsS CS-bnepw CØcw kwi-bm-

ep-°ƒ Aßnßv Ds≠¶n¬ F¥p sNømw.

]mXn-b¿°okpw ImtXm-en-°bpw

]mXn-b¿°okv F∂ Ko°p ]Z-Øns‚

b¿∞w ë][m\ ]nXmhví F∂m-Wv.

ImtXm-en-t°mkv F∂Xpw Ko°p-]-Z-am-

Wv. ëkm¿∆-XnI ]nXmhví F∂m-W¿∞w.

k`m-X-e-h≥ F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ Ccp t]cp-

Ifpw hnhn[ k -I-fn¬ ]tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠v.

Ccp-h-scbpw Xpey-cm-bmWv IW-°m-°p-∂-

Xpw. F∂p h®m¬ ]mXo-b¿°o-kns‚

Iogvÿm-\n-b√ ImtXm-en-t°mkv F∂¿-

∞w. Ncn-X-]-c-ambpw Imt\m-\n-I-ambpw

CXmWv kXyw.

Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]mc-º-cy-

Øn¬ CuPn-]v‰v, kndn-b, FtXym]y F∂n-

ka-Im-eo-\- Nn-¥-Iƒ

hn-S-ß-fnse tZiob k`m Xe-h-∑m¿ ]mXn-

b¿°o-k-∑m¿ F∂pw A¿ao-\bm C¥ym

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse tZiob k`m-X-e-h-∑m¿

ImtXm-en°m F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. A¿

ao-\n-b≥ k`m Xe-hs\ kp]ow ImtXm-

en°m F∂mWp hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. At±-l-

Øns‚ Iogn¬ c≠p ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m¿

thsd-bp-≠v.

Cu ]›mØe-Øn-emWv \ΩpsS Xp_v

tZ-\n¬ Ccp ]nXm-°-∑m-tcbpw ì\ΩpsS ]mXn-

b¿°o-k-∑m¿î F∂p ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv.

]s£, tIc-f-Ønse H´p-an° am[y-a-

ßfpw s]mXp-P-\-ßfpw ImtXm-en-°-tb-

°mƒ Db¿∂ GtXm ÿm\o-b-\mWv ]mXn-

b¿°okv F∂p [cn®p him-b- a- p-≠v. CØcw

am[y-a-]-£m-f\w (media hype) aqew Nne

Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Imcpw Cßs\ Nn¥n-

°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-´p-s≠∂p tXm∂p-∂p.

ChnsS FSpØp ]d-tb≠ Hcp Imcy-

ap-≠v. ]uc-kvXy-k- sb ImtXm-en-t°-‰mbn

Db¿Øn-bXv F√m k`-I-fp-tSbpw amXm-

hmb sbcqitew k -bn¬ h®v sbdq-itew

kp∂-l-tZm-kmWv ˛ F.-Un. 231˛¬.

AXm-bXv, F.-Un. 325 ¬ cq]w sIm≠

]mXn-b¿t°-‰p-I-tf-°mƒ 94 h¿j-ßƒ

apºmWv ImtXm-en -t°‰v D≠m-b-sX-

∂¿∞w. F.-Un. 325 se \nJym- -kp-∂-l-tZm-

- knepw Ing-°ns‚ ImtXm-en-t°-‰n\v AwKo-

Im-c-ap-≈-Xmbn FSpØp ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

At¥ym-Jy≥]mXn-b¿°o-kp-am¿ FX?

At¥ym-Jy-bn¬ amX-a√ ]mXn-b¿°o-

kp-am-cp-≈-sX∂p I≠p-I-gn-™p. C\n

At¥ym-Jy-bnse Imcy-sa-Sp-Ømtem?

C∂sØ Xp¿°n cmPy-Ønse ëA‚m-

°nbíbmWv ]pcm-X\ At¥ymJy \ne-\n-

∂n-cp∂ ]tZiw. C∂v AXv lnØmbv

F∂ Xp¿°n ]hn-iy-bpsS Xe-ÿm-\-am-

Wv. InkvXym-\n-I-sf-sb√mw \mam-h-ti-j-

am°n XnI®pw Hcp ap…ow ] -W-ambn amdn

Ign™p A‚m-°n-b. Hcp ]mXn-b¿°o-

tkm saXmt\m t]mbn v Imcy-amb Hcp Inkv

Xob kaqlw t]mepw Ct∏m-g-hn-sS-bn-√.

F∂m¬, ]pcm-X\ ëAt¥ymJyíbpsS

]n¥p-S¿® Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ Ft´mfw

ssIkvXh kaq-l-ßƒ ]e-bn-S-Ømbn

\ne-hn-ep-≠v. Ch¿s°√mw Xs∂ ëAt¥ym

-Jy≥ ]mXn-b¿°okí∑mcpw XØp-ey-cmb

t\Xm-°-fp-ap-≠v. ëAt¥ym-Jy-bp-sSbpw

Ings°m-s°-bp-sSbpw ]mXn-b¿°okvíF∂mWv Ch-sc-√m-hcpw Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-

®p-h-cp∂ ÿm\-t∏-cp-Iƒ.

At¥ym-Jy≥ ]mc-ºcywAh-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿

At¥ym-Jy≥ ]mc-ºcyw Ah-Im-i-s∏-

Sp∂ ]e k`m hn`m-K-ßfpw \ne-hn-ep≠v.

Ch-bn¬ ][m\ hn`m-K-ßƒ amsdm-\oØm

ItØm-en-°¿ (33 e£w/ ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns‚ Bÿm\w: s_bvdq-´v), kpdn-bm\n

ItØm-en-°¿ (1 e£w/ s_bvdq-´v),

sa¬°oØm ItØm-en-°¿ (11Ω e£w/

Uam-kvIkv), Ko°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv˛

sa¬°oØ (7Ω e£w/ Uam-kvIkv),

]m›mXy kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

bmt°m-_m-b ˛(1Ω e£w/Uam-kvIkv/

Ch-cp-am-bmWv 1665 apX¬ ae-¶c k`bv°v

_‘-ap-≠m-b-Xv) F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

Cu 5 k`-Isf IqSmsX s\kvtXm-dn-

b≥, A¿ta-\n-b≥, tPm¿Pn-b≥ F∂o k -

Iƒ°pw "At¥ym-Jy≥' k`m-≤y-£-∑m-cp-

≠v, Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-hp-ap-≠v.

Cu ]d™ ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m¿ Bcpw

Xs∂ At¥ym-Jy-bntem AXn-\-SpØ

]tZ-i-ß-fntem Ct∏mƒ Xma-kn-°p-∂n-√.

Cu 5 ][m\ ëAt¥ymJy≥í k`-I-fn¬

h®v F√m Xc-Ønepw A[x]Xn®p InS-°p-

∂Xpw P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ ipjvIn®p-t]m-bn-cn-

°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kaq-l-amWv kJm ]Y-

a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv Xe-h-\mb kndn-b≥

(bm-t°m-_m-b) Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im¿.

Ch¿°v temI-sØ√mw IqSn tIhew

H∂c e£w P\-ßfpw 20 saXm≥amcpw

225 sshZn-Icpw amX-am-Wp-≈-Xv. ]cn-Xm-]-

I-c-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ InS-°p∂ Cu k`-

bmWv "BtKmf k`-'sb∂pw "BI-am\

kpdn-bm\n k -'sb-∂p-sams° \Sn-°p-∂Xpw

tIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-ß-fn-eqsSbpw Nph-sc-

gp-Øp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw \nd™p \n¬°p∂Xpw.

CXns‚ Xe-h-\mWv 12 e£-tØmfw hcp∂

ae-¶-c-bnse ]mXo-b¿°okv ]£-°m-sc-

bpw 25 e£-tØmfap≈ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`m hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw `cn-°p-hm≥ I®-

sI- n bn-d-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p≈Xv FX

sshcp≤yw!

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 23

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

ae¶c ˛ At¥ymJym _‘w

1653˛se Iq\≥Ip-cnip kXy-sØ-Øp-

S¿∂v A]-Xo-£n-X-amb Nne kw`-h-ß-

fpsS ê-ambn 1665˛emWv ae-¶c ˛

At¥ymJym _‘w Bcw- n-®-Xv. CubnsS

tIc-f-Øn¬ h∂p-t]mb ]mXo-b¿°okv

_mhm Hcp ]pXnb sI´p-IY IqSn Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. At¥ym-Jybpw tXmam-

ivfo-lm-bpsS ae-¶-c-k- bpw XΩn¬ F.-Un.

52 apX¬ _‘-ap--≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv

At±-lw sa\™ Cu ]pXp-N-cnXw.

]t£ Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ t]mepw CXp

hniz-kn-°p-∂p-≠m-hn-√. GXm-bmepw kJm

]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpsS ]ÿm-h-\-bn¬ Hcp

Imhy \oXn ImWp-∂p-≠v. Hcp ImeØv

am¿tXmam «olm-bpsS ss«lnI knwlm-

k-\hpw ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw hsc X≈n-∏-d-

™-h¿ C∂v Ahsb amX-a-√, B I¿Ør

in-jys‚ `mcX kµ¿i-\-sØbpw kphn-

tij the-tbbpw IqSn AwKo-I-cn® a´p-

≠v. ssZh-Øn\p kvXpXn.!

GXm-bmepw 1665˛\p tijw c≠p \q‰m-

≠p-Iƒ ae-¶c At¥ymJym _‘w \ma-

am-X-ambn XpS¿∂p. 1846 hsc ]c-kv]cw

HutZym-KnI _‘-ß-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-

√. F∂m-¬ 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-

tØm-Sp-IqSn Cu _‘w ]_-e-s∏-Sm≥

XpS-ßn. At¥ym-Jym-_‘w hgn ae-¶-c-

k` e£yan´Xv ][m-\-ambn c≠pIm-cy-

ßfm-bn-cp-∂p:

1. t]m¿´pKo-kp-Im-cpsS hc-thm-Sp-IqSn

eØo-\o-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS Xmdp-am-dm-°s∏´

ae-¶c k`-bpsS kpdn-bm\n k`m hy‡n-

Xzhpw Xt±-iob ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw khn-ti-

j-X-Ifpw \ne-\n¿Øp-I. CXn\v Hcp kpdn-

bm\n k`-bp-amtbm GsX-¶nepw Hcp

]uckvXy k`-bp-amtbm _‘-s∏-tS-≠Xv

Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.

2. 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ k`-bn¬ \ho-I-

cW ]ÿm\-°m-cpsS kzm[o\w h¿≤n-®-

t∏mƒ AXns\ sNdp-°p-hm\pw At¥ym-

Jym-_‘w XpS-tc≠n h∂p. AXns‚ ]cn-

WnX ê-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p At¥ym-Jy≥

]mXo -b¿°o -kns‚ BZy ae-¶c

kµ¿i\w 1875˛¬ \S-∂-Xv.

Xm¬°m-en-I-amb Hcp klmbw F∂-

Xn¬ Ihn™v Cu _‘sØ A∂sØ

ae-¶-c -k-`m -t\-XrXzw I≠n-cp -∂n -√.

F∂m¬, CS-bv°nsS ChnsS h∂p-sIm-≠n-

cp∂ At¥ymJym saXm-∑m-cpsS e£yw

thsd-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]mXo-b¿°o-kns‚

Iogn¬ ae-¶-c-k`m t\Xr-XzsØ `c-W-]-

c-ambn Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp-I F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B

e£yw. CXn\v Ah¿ Xp\n-™-tXmsS k -

bn¬ FXn¿∏pw tNcn-Xn-cnhpw A -am-[m-

\hpw DS-se-Sp-Øp.

ae-¶-c-k` ]uckvXy kpdn-bm\n

_‘hpw ]mc-º-cy-hp-ap-≈ kzX-¥-k- -bm-

bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ 1876˛se apf-¥p-cpØn

kp∂-l-tZm-kn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v Cu ]mc-º-

cysØ XpS-®p-\o°n At¥ym-Jy≥ (]m-

›mXy kpdn-bm-\n) ]mc-º-cysØ ae-¶-c-

k-`-bn¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-hm-\mWv ]mXo-

b¿°okpw a‰pw ian-®-Xv. CXv A∂p ae-

¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bm-bn-cp∂ ]pen-t°m-

ń¬ tPmk v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-

a≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. CsXmcp ioX-k-a-c-

Øn\pw Ime-I-taW k -bn-se ]nf¿∏n\pw

hgn-sh-®p.

ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]\w

ae-¶c k`-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-]-Im-c-ap≈

Dƒ`-cW kzmX-¥ysØ hos≠-Sp-°m-

\p≈ Hcp ]cn-i-a-am-bn-cp∂p 1912˛se

ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]\w. F∂p-h-®m¬,

k -bpsS Dƒ -cW kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ ]Xo-

I-ambn ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]n®v ae-¶-c-˛-

A-t¥ymJym _‘w icn-bmb Zni-bn¬

\oß-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p Dt±-iyw. ]s£,

ae-¶-c-bnse Hcp hn`mKw AXn\p k∂-≤-

am-bn-cp-∂n-√. XpS¿∂v, ImtXm-en°m ]£w

At¥ymJym _‘sØ Hcp `c-W-L-S-\-

bn-eqsS hyh-ÿm-]n-X-am°pIbpw (1934)

AXnse \nb-a-ßƒ°p-hn-t[-b-ambn k`-

bpsS Dƒ`-c-W kzmX-¥ysØ ]cn-c-£n-

°p-I F∂ \ne-]mSp kzoI-cn-°pIbpw

sNbvXp. CXmWv C∂pw \mw XpS¿∂p

t]mcp∂ \ne-]m-Sv.

`c-W-L-S\ F¥p ]d-bp∂p?

1934˛¬ ae-¶c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

]mkm-°nb c-W-L-S\ \nb-am-\p-kr-X-ap-

≈-Xm-sW∂pw km[p-hm-sW∂pw \ne-

\n¬t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw 1958˛sebpw 1995

˛sebpw kp]ow tImSXn hn[n-I-fn¬ Ak-

∂n-Kv≤-ambn ]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠v. 1958˛se

k`m tbmPn-t∏m-Sp-IqSn Cu `c-W-L-S\

]mXn-b¿°okpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw AwKo-

I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS saXm-∑m-sc√mw

enJn-X-amb ]Xn-⁄-bn-eqsS CXn\p

Iogvs∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cm-Wv.

Cu `c-W-L-S\bn¬ ]mXo-b¿°n-kn-

s‚bpw ImtXm-en°bpsSbpw A[n-Im-c-

ßfpw c-Wm-Xn¿Øn-Ifpw hy‡-ambn ]d-

™n-´p-≠v. amX-a-√, 1958˛se k`mtbmPn-

∏n-s\-Øp-S¿∂v 1964˛¬ A∂sØ ]mXn-

b¿°okv ae-¶-c-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p

Xte-Zn-hkw At±-l-Øns‚ Xs∂ \n¿_-

‘-]-Imcw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s‚bpw ImtXm-

ent-°m-kn-s‚bpw A[n-Imc koa-Iƒ

]p\¿I-ao-I-cn-®p. AXn≥ ]Im-cw, ImtXm-

en-t°m-kns‚ A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-bn¬ \n∂v

a[y-]q¿∆ tZisØ Nne ]tZ-i-ßƒ Hgn-

hm-°p-Ibpw ImtXm-en-t°m-kns‚ A[n-

Imc koa C¥y-bnepw ]uckvXy ]tZ-i-

ß-fn-ep-ambn HXp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

`c-W-L-S-\ ]Imcw ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns‚ A[n-Im-c-ko-a-bn¬ ]th-in-°p-

tºmƒ ImtXm-en-t°mkpw ImtXm-en-t°m-

kns‚ A[n-Im-c-ko-a-bn¬ ]th-in-°p-

tºmƒ ]mXn-b¿°okpw ]c-kv]-c-ap≈

Adnhpw kΩXhpw tXSn-bn-cn-°-Ww. kJm

]Y-a≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv 2000˛epw 2004˛epw

2008˛epw ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂Xv Cu hyhÿ

]men-°m-sX-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv GI ]£o-

bhpw N -hn-cp-≤hpw kp]ow-tIm-SXn hn[n-

bpsS XnI™ ewL-\hpambn-cp-∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠m-Wv, Cu kµ¿i-\-ßsf ae-¶c

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` FXn¿Ø-Xv.

GI-]-£o-b-am-bn, AXmbXv ImtXm-en-

t°m-kp-ambn Btem-Nn-°m-sX, ]mXn-

b¿°okv A[n-Imc hn\n-tbmKw \S-Øm≥

]mSn√ F∂v kp]ow tImSXn ASn-h-c-bn´p

]d-™n- p-≈-Xm-Wv. ae-¶c k -bv°p-th≠n

]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v saXm-∑m-tcbpw a‰pw

hmgn-°m-\p≈ A[n-Im-ctam hyh-ÿ-Itfm

k`m `c-W-L-S-\-bn-en-√. ae-¶c Atkm-

kn-tb-j≥ sXc-s™-SpØv ]. kp∂-l-

tZmkv AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-hsc ImtXm-en-

t°mkv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ImtXm-

en-t°m-kns‚ kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn ae-

¶-c-bn¬ saXm-∑m-cmbn hmgn°mw F∂p

amXw. F∂p-h-®m¬, bmt°m-_mb ]£-

Øns‚ tXmakv ]Y-a≥ apX¬ Ctßm´v

ëAt¥ymJyíbn¬ t]mbn saXm≥ thj-

an´p Xncn-®p-h-∂-h-cmcpw Xs∂ \nb-am-\p-

krXw hmgn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-h-c√ F∂¿∞w.

C¥ym-cm-PysØ ]c-tam-∂X tImS-Xn-bpsS

hne-°p-Iƒ Im‰n¬ ]dØn CØcw \nb-

a-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-I hgn ]mXn-b¿°okv Cu

cmPysØ \nb-a-tØbpw tImS-Xn-tbbpw

sh√p-hn-fn-°p-I-bmWp sNbvX-Xv. \nba

ewL\w \S-Øp∂ Hcp hntZ-insb Cu

cmPyØv kµ¿i\w \SØn \nb-a-ew-

L\w XpS-cm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°mtam?

ae-¶-c-bnse ]≈n-Iƒ cn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv

1934 se k`m `c-W-L-S\b\p-k-cn-®m-bn-

cn-°-W-sa∂v kp]ow tImSXn ]Jym-]n-®n-

´p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v ae-¶cbn¬

ùXoI A[n-Im-c-ßƒ H∂pw Xs∂-bn√

F∂pw Hcn-°epw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂pw

tImSXn hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Bflob

A[n-Imcw t]mepw k`m `c-W-L-S-\-b-\p-

24

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


k-cn®p amXta ]mXn-b¿°okv hn\n-tbm-

Kn-°≥ ]mSp≈q F∂pw IqSn ]Jym-]n-®n-

cn-°p-∂p. ]s£, CsXm∂pw Iq´m-°m-sX,

\nb-a-ew-L\w XpS-cm\pw \nb-a-ew-L\w

\S-Øp∂ tIc-f-Ønse Xs‚ A\p-bm-

bn-Iƒ°v DtØ-P\w ]I-cm-\p-amWv

]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ëss«lnI kµ¿i\ísa¶n¬ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im¿

At±-lsØ kzoI-cn-°-Wtam?

ae-¶-c-bnse ]≈n-I-fn¬ A\-[n-Ir-X-

ambn ]th-in®v ]Jym-]-\-ßfpw a‰pw \S-

Øp-∂Xv Chn-SsØ hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-

K-Øns‚ AXr-]vXnbpw FXn¿∏pw £Wn®p

hcp-Øp-sa∂pw AXp-hgn Chn-SpsØ P\-

hn- m-K-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ kv]¿≤bpw tNcnXn

cnhpw aX-hn-tZz-jhpw krjvSn-°p-sa-∂p-am-

Wv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` Nq≠n-°m-´n-b-Xv.

\nb-a-hmgvNtbm ewL-\tamA`-nImayw?

SqdnÃv hnk-bn¬ A\y-cm-PyØp t]mIp

∂ Hcp hy‡n AhnsS aX-]-c-amb NS-ßp-

I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂Xntem Bcm-[\ \S-

Øp-∂-Xntem A√ hne-°p-≈-Xv. adn-®v, Cu

kµ¿i-\-ßtfm AXn-\nSbn¬ ]s¶-Sp-

°p∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfm ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂

]kvXm-h-\-Itfm ]Jym-]-\-ßtfm B

cmPysØ P\-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ hntZz-jhpw

kv]¿≤bpw A¥x-On-Zhpw Df-hm-°mt\m

h¿≤n-∏n°mt\m CS-bm-°p-sa-¶n¬ AØcw

kµ¿i-\-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn-°mtam F∂-XmWp

tNmZyw. CXp Nq≠n-°m-Wn®v tImS-Xnsb

kao-]n-®m¬ AXv acym-ZtISm-Iptam?

A\ym-b-Øn\pw \oXn-\n-tj-[-Øn-\p-sa-

Xnsc \ymb-]o-TsØ kao-]n-°pI F∂Xv

]≠pw C∂pw \nb-asØ A\p-k-cn®p

Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂ am¿§-am-

Wv. ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ kµ¿i-\-Øn-s\-

Xnsc Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im¿ tImS-Xnsb

kao-]n-®Xpw C°m-c-W-Øm-em-Wv. \nb-

asØ am\n-°p-∂-h¿°p th≠n-bp-≈-XmWv

F√m \nb-a-ßfpw. Hcp \nb-a-sØbpw am\n-

°mØ I≈\pw sIm≈-°m-c\pw Itø-‰-

°m-c\pw \nb-asØ ewLn-°m-\mWp

Xm¬]-cyw. AØ-c-°msc \nb-a-Øn\p

apºn¬ sIm≠p-h-cnI F∂-XmWv ]cn-

jvIrX kaqlw sNøp-∂Xpw sNtø-≠-Xpw.

A\p-Iq-e-amb tImSXn hn[n-I-fp-≠v.

]ns∂ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv \S-∏m-°n-sb-Sp-

°m-ØXv? icn-bmb tNmZyw. l¿Øm¬

hne-°n-s°m≠pw s]mXp ÿe-ß-fn¬

]pI-hen \ntcm-[n-®p-sIm≠pw a‰pw FX-

bmWp tImS-Xn-hn-[n-Iƒ! ]s£ ^ew

\mkvXn. Imc-W-sa-¥mWv? H∂p-In¬ \nb-

a-]m-e-I¿ IÆ-S-bv°p-∂p. As√-¶n¬ \nb-

a-]m-e-Icpw \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-Xm-°fpw \nb-a-

ew-L\w \S-Øp-∂-h¿°p Iq´p-\n¬°p-∂p.

Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im¿ F¥n\pw GXn\pw

tIkv sImSp-°p-∂-h-cm-sW∂p Nne¿. \nb-

asØ ]p√p-hne I¬∏n-°m-Ø-h¿s°-Xnsc

kzoI-cn-°m-hp∂ hyh-ÿm-]nX am¿§w

AXp-Xs∂bmWv; oj-Wntbm IS-∂p-I-b-

‰tam ]nSn-s®-Sp-°tem AI-atam A√.

AXp-sIm-≠mWv \mw A¥n-a-ambn F∂pw

hnP-bn-®n- p-≈-Xv.

""Im´p-I-≈≥ hoc-∏≥ Dƒs∏´ FXtbm

tIkp-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p! CsX√mw Xs∂

Abmƒs°-Xn-cmbn sImSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xp-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Abmƒ Hcp tIkp-t]mepw B¿s°-

Xn-scbpw sImSp-Øp-an-√. AXp-sIm≠v hoc-

∏s\ tijvT-\mbn Icp-Xmtam?'' ("ae-¶c

k -bnse I£n-h-g°v', m. aØmbn CS-

b-\m¬).

What the Highest Courts say :Royal Court Judgement, 1889

“....... the authority of the Patriarch hasnever extended to the governance of thetemporalities of the Church, which, inthis respect, has been an independentChurch.” (Para 347)

Supereme Court Judgment, 1995:

“The Patriarch of Antioch has no tem-poral powers over the churches”. ( Page162).

“The effect of the creation of Catholicateat Malankara and the 1934 Constitutionis that the Patriarch can exercise spiri-tual powers subject to the Constitution.”(Page 162).

“If would be reasonable to hold that,thereafter, the Patriarch cannot exercisethose powers unilaterally, ie, withoutreference to the Catholicos. He can ex-ercise those powers only in consultationwith the Catholicos ....... the Patriarch’spower to ordain Metropolitans now issubject to the Constitution of 1934.”(Page 71)

“The spiritual powers of the Patriarch ofAntioch can be exercised by theCatholicos in accordance with the Con-stitution (Page 162-163).

“Relationship between the two spiritualsuperiors, that is, the Patriarch of Antiochand the Catholicos of the East atMalankara is neither of superior or sub-ordinate but of two independant spiritualauthorities .......” (Page 166).

“The concept of subordinates among suchspiritual heads is out of place. They func-tion in the own sphere according to reli-gious canon” (Page 88).

“............ the power of the Patriarch mayhave been reduced to a vanishing point...... He does not and, indeed, never did,enjoy any temporal powers over theMalankara Church or its properties.”(Page 71-72).

“............ The Constitution framed in 1934by Malankara Association is valid” (Page162).

“............ The Patriarch has thereby ac-

cepted the revival of Catholicate and the1934 Constitution and gave up all or anyobjections they had on that behalf. Sev-eral members of this group (Patriarchfaction) including some of the defendants(metropolitans of Patriarch faction) hadaccepted the Constitution and took oathto abide by it. They cannot now turnaround and question the same.” ( Page72-73).

“All churches except those which are ofEvangelistic Association or Simhasana orSt. Mary are under the spiritual and tem-poral control of the Malankara Associa-tion in accordance with the 1934 Consti-tution” (Page. 163).

“............ The said Constitution also gov-erns the affairs of the Parish Churches andshall prevail “ ((S.C. Judgement 1995.Page. 73).

“............ In fact, if the figures given inthe Encyclopedia of Religion is anyguide, the numerical strength ofCatholicos in 1970 was more than thePatriarch.......” (Page. 167).

a

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 25

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

he-Xp-h-i-Øn\v Cw•o-jn¬ Right SideF∂m-Wt√m ]d-bp-∂-Xv. "Right'' F∂p

]d-™m¬ ""icn'' F∂¿∞w. At∏mƒ he-

Xp- mKw icn-bmb mKw F∂p-h-cp-∂p. CS-

Xp- mKw sX‰mb mKw F∂p hywKyw. Bcpw

CS-Xp-ssI-sIm≠v lkvX-Zm\w sNøn-√.

sIm®p-Ip- n-Iƒ cmhnse imTyw ]nSn®p Ic-

bp-tºmƒ AΩ-am¿ ]ndp-]n-dp°pw, ""C∂v

CS-Øq-Sm-Wt√m.'' CS-Xn\v C\nbpw im]-

tam£w Inń-bn- n-√. C\n H´p-In- p-I-bp-an√!!

]. k`-bnse Nne BNm-c-ßfpwhnizm-k-ß-fpw:

\ΩpsS k -bn¬ he-Xp-h-i-Øn\pw hS-

°p-h-i-Øn\pw AXp-ey-amb _‘-ap-≠v.

\mw tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v hn.

Ip¿_m-\-bnepw a‰p IqZm-i-I-fnepw kw_-

‘n-bv°p-tºmƒ tXmtWm-kn¬ (knw-lm-

k-\w) Ccp-∂p-sIm≠v I¿Ømhp \ap°v

A`n-ap-J-ambn \sΩ A\p-K-ln®p sIm≠n-

cn°p-∂-Xmbn lrZ-b-Øn¬ ImWWw.

At∏mƒ I¿Øm-hns‚ he-Xp-hiw hS-°m-

Wt√m. AXp-sIm-≠mWv he-Xp-h-ihpw hS-

°p-h-ihpw H∂p-X-s∂-sb∂p ]d-™-Xv.

Nne ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ t\m°q:

u hn. Ip¿_m\ ]c-ky-ambn Bcw-`n-

°p-∂-Xn\p apºv ""shfnhp \nd-t™m-cotim

\n≥sh-fn-hm¬...'' F∂ KoXw sNm√p-

tºmƒ hS-°p-h-isØ 6 sa-gp-Ip-Xn-cn-Iƒ

IØn-°p-∂p. ""shfn-hn≥ Xń¬ hkn°pw

]pWy-\n-t[...'' F∂p sNm√p-tºmƒ sX°p-

h-isØ 6 sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-Iƒ IØn-°p-∂p.

u hn. Ip¿_m\ XpS-ßp-∂Xp Xs∂,

""\ns‚ al-Xz-apZn°pw \mƒ \n¬°-W-a-

h¿ (a-cn-®p-t]mb hnizm-kn-Iƒ) he`mK-

Øn¬...'' F∂p sNm√n-s°m-≠m-Wv.

u Gh¬tK-teym≥ ]oTw Ign-bp-∂Xpw

hS-°p-h-i-amWv Ccn-t°-≠-Xv. AXp-t]mse

Dbn¿∏p apX¬ kz¿§m-tcm-lWw hsc 40

Znhkw Kvaq¿tØm (Np-h∂ ] n¬ s]mXn™

…o_mbpw AXns‚ X≠pw) \n¿_-‘-ambpw

aZv_-l-bn¬ hS-°p-h-i-amWv hbvt°-≠-Xv.

u tlma _en-b¿∏n-bv°p-∂-h≥ (]-gb

\nb-a-Im-e-Øv) Du\-an-√mØ _en-ar-KsØ

_en-]o-T-Øns‚ hS-°p-`m-KØv Adp-

t°Ww (te-hy. 1:11).

he-`msKteJ\w

_l-\m≥ tXmakv

u skJcym ]ptcm-ln-X≥ [q]w Im´p∂

thf-bn¬ amemJ _en-]o-T-Øn\p he-Øp-

h-iØp \n¬°p-∂-Xp-I≠v At±lw ]cn-

`-an-®p (eqt°m 1:11).

u kqØmdm \a-kvImcw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ

ipiq-j-°m-c≥ tXmtWm-knse sagp-Ip-

Xncn BZyw hS-°p-h-iØp IØn-®nt´

sX°p-h-iØp hcn-I-bp≈q; AXp-t]mse

BZyw hS-°p-h-isØ sNdnb aZv_-l-bn¬

Xncn IØn-®n´p amXsa sX°p-h-iØp

sN√p-I-bp-≈q. Kvaq¿tØmbn¬ (]m-Xn-t\m-

ºn¬ ÿm]n-°p∂ …o_m) Xncn IØn°p-

∂Xpw BZyw hS-°p-h-i-Øp-X-s∂. ]n∂oSp

Ip¿_m\ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ amXw sX°p-h-

iØpw IØn-°pw.

u hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ipiq-j-°m-c≥

[q] Ie-i-hp-ambn tXmtWm-kn\p apºn¬

]´-°m-cs‚ ]pd-In¬ Aev]w hS-t°m´p

amdn-\n¬°p-∂p. shfn-]mSp ]pkvX-I-Øn¬

knwlm-k-\-Øn\p he-Xp-h-iØv Hcp

ZqX≥ [q]w Imń-s°m≠p \n∂p F∂p-

≈Xv ChnsS A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv.

u amtam-Zo-km-bpw aqtdm-\pw Ip¿_m-

\bpw ssIs°m≠ ]n©p-Ip-™p-ßƒ apX¬

ipiq-j-°m¿, ] -°m¿, ta¬∏- -°m¿ hsc

Bcp Xs∂-bm-sW-¶nepw hn. aZv_-lm-bn¬

Ib-dp-∂Xv sX°p-h-i-Øp-Iq-Snbpw Cd-ßp-

∂Xv hS-°p-h-i-Øp-Iq-Snbpw BsW-∂p-

≈Xv i≤n-®n-´p-≠mhpat√m. knwlm-k-\-

Øn-en-cn-°p∂ I¿Øm-hns‚ he-Xp-h-i-

Øp-h∂v A\p-Klw ]m]n®v Cd-ßp-∂-

XmWv CXns‚ kmcmwiw.

u hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ ]´-°m-c-\m-sW-

¶nepw ipiq-j-°m-c-\m-sW-¶nepw [q]w hoip-

tºmƒ BZyw he-Xp- m-KsØ sNdnb aZv_

-lbv°p t\scbpw P\-ßƒ°p-t\sc hoip-

tºmƒ BZyw he-Xp-`m-K-tØ°pw BWv.

u kvXoIƒ ]pcp-js‚ he-Xp-`m-K-

ØmWv \n¬°p-∂-Xv. \ns‚ he-Øp- m-KØv

cm⁄n Hmô¿ X¶w AWn™v \n¬°p∂p

(k-¶o. 45:9).

u \ymb-hn-kvXm-c-as[y alm-]p-tcm-ln-

X-\mb Iø-^m-tbmSp ]d™p: C\n a\p-

jy-]p-X≥ k¿∆-i-‡s‚ he-Øp-`m-K-

Øncn-°p-∂Xpw BIm-i-ta-L-ßsf hml-

\-am°n hcp-∂Xpw \nßƒ ImWpw.''

hnizm-k-]-am-W-Øn¬ \mw sNm√p∂p:

""kz¿§-Øn-te°p Itcdn ]nXm-hns‚ he-

Øp- m-K-Øn-cp-∂-h-\pw...''

u a\p-jy-]p-X≥ Xs‚ tXP-t msS

kIe hnip≤ ZqX-∑m-cp-ambn hcp-tºmƒ

sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-Isf Xs‚ heØpw tImem-

Sp-Isf CSØpw \n¿Øpw. cmPmhp Xs‚

he-Øp-`m-K-Øp-≈-h-tcmSv Acp-fn-s®øpw:

Fs‚ ]nXm-hn-\m¬ A\p-K-ln-°-s∏- -h-sc,

hcp-hn≥...''

he-Øp-`m-KsØ I≈≥ ]dp-Zo-k-bn¬

Ccn-°p-sa∂v I¿Ømhp Ah-t\mSv t\cn´v

]d-™n-´p-≠t√m!

u tbip Xºp-cm≥ Xn_-cymkv IS¬Xo-

cØp h®p ]d™p: ""]S-Ins‚ he-Øp-`m-

KØp hoip-I. \nßƒ°p In´pw'' Ah¿

hoin. 153 a’yw Inń. (tbml 21).

u tbipInkvXp -hns‚ hnem-hn¬

\n∂pw c‡hpw sh≈hpw ]pd-s∏- p-sh-∂p

hmbn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ NnX-ß-fn¬ CXp

hesØ hnem-hn¬ \n∂m-sW∂p ImWp-∂p.

u timi∏m BtLm-jWw Ign™v ] -

°m-c≥ timi∏m Npcp-°n-bn´v hS-°p-h-i-

tØ°p kqjva-X-bpsS hbv°p-∂p.

u ta¬∏- -°m-cpsS I_-d-S°w aZv_-lm

-bpsS hS-°p-h-i-Øm-bn-cn-bv°-W-sa-∂p-≠v.

u k`m-]-kwKn ]d-bp-∂Xp i≤n-°p-

I: ⁄m\n-bpsS _p≤n Ahs‚ heØp

`mKØpw aqVs‚ _p≤n Ahs‚ CSØp

`mKØpw Ccn-bv°p-∂p. (k- m-]-kwKn 10:2).

u bnkm-tb¬ (bm-t°m-_v) hb- -

\mbn IÆv aßnb ImeØv tbmtk- ns‚

Cfb aI\mb F^-bo-an-s\ he-Xp-ssI-

sIm≠v A\p-K-ln®p. (DXv]Øn 48)

u hn. Ip¿_m\ ]Sn-™m-tdm v Fgps∂-

≈n®p sIm≠p-h-cp-tºmƒ ]´-°m-c≥ ""...

c≠p temI-ß-fnepw F∂p-sa-t∂°pw

D≠m-bn-cn-°-s´...'' F∂p sNm√n Imkmbpw

]oem-kmbpw Ipcn-im-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ]nW-®p-h-

bv°p-∂Xv A∏hpw ho™pw c≠-√, H∂m-

sW∂p hcp-Øp-hm-\m-sW∂pw ]mc-º-cyw.

]nb hmb-\-°m¿°v he-Xp- mKw Biw-

kn-°p∂p!!

a

26

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


F.Un. 52˛¬ am¿ tXmam-«o-lm, ]meq¿

Nm´p-Ip-f-ßc-bnse blqZ kn\-tKmKv cq]-

t`Zw hcpØn ssIkvXh tZem-h-b-am-°n-

b-tXmsS tIc-f-Ønse ssIkvXh NcnXw

Bcw- n-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ Cu \q‰m-≠p--Ifn¬ ssIkvXh

aX-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ \ne timN-\o-b-am-

bn-cp-∂p. ][m\ tZhm-e-b-ßsf tIµo-I-

cn®v JymXn t\Snb aev]m-\-am¿ Bh-iym-

\p-k-cWw sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]cn-

io-e\w \¬In-h-∂p. AXoh ]cn-an-X-amb

Cu aev]m≥ ]≈n-°q-S-ßƒ kpdn-bm\n

`mj-bn¬ Bcm-[-\-Iƒ \-S-Øp-hm≥ ]cn-

io-en-∏n-°p∂ If-cn-Iƒ amX-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]n≥hm-ßn-b-Xv. ho≠pw ap≥]-Xn-hp-t]mse

aev]m≥ ]mT-im-e-Iƒ kPo-h-am-bn. ]meq-

cn¬ Bcw-`n®v i‡n-s∏´ sshZnI ]cn-io-

e\w ItaW apf-¥p-cp-Øn, I≠-\m-Sv, A¶-

am-en, Ipdp-∏w-]Sn XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn-

te°v hym]°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1665 apX¬

tIc-f-ØnseØnb hntZi k`m-≤y-£-

∑m¿ Cu ]cn-io-e-\-ßsf t]m’m-ln-∏n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw hyh-ÿm-]n-

X-amb Hcp sshZnI ]cn-io-e-\-tIµw k -

bpsS kz]v\-ambn Ah¿ kq£n-®p. 18˛mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠m-w]-Ip-Xn-bn¬ ]meq¿

Nm´p-Ip-f-ßc CS-h-I-bnse C´q∏p aev]m≥

]g-™n-bnepw Nnd-f-bØpw sshZnI

Isf tN¿-Øp. BZy-_m-®nse hnZym¿∞n-

bm-bn-cp∂p Xms\∂v tIm´bw CSh-gn-°¬

]oen-t∏mkv IØ-\m¿ A\p-kva-cn-®n- p-≠v.

Imbw-Ipfw dºm≥ 1811 Xpemw 28˛\v A¥-

cn-®Xp sIm≠v sX°pw hS°pw Hmtcm ]Tn-

Ø-hoSv F∂v Bi-bhpw Dt]-£n-t°-≠-

Xmbn h∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv k -bpsS a[y-

ÿ-eamb tIm -bØv ]Tn-Ø-hoSv ]Wn-bp-

hm≥ dºm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.

]gb skan-\mcn ÿm]-I≥ Xs∂-bm-

bn-cp∂p ]n≥kn-∏mƒ. sXmgn-bq¿ InS-ß≥

Koh¿§okv am¿ ]oe-Ivko-t\m-kns‚ ta¬

t\m´w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ANn-tcW skan-\m-

cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ dh. tXmakv

t\m¿´s\ _nójv dkn-U‚ v G¿∏mSv

sNbvsX-¶nepw dºm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®-Xns\

XpS-¿∂v t\m¿´≥ Be-∏pgbn¬ Xma-kn-°p-

Ibpw tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ A≤ym-]-

\m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. saXm\-√mØ Hcmsf

hń-∏-W-Øns‚ ]eni Gev]n-®-Xn-s\-Xnsc

8˛mw am¿tØmΩm _nójv k¿°m-cn¬

]cmXn \¬In-b-Xns\ ØpS¿∂v Cu

dºm≥ ]g-™n-∏-≈n-bn¬h®v InS-ß≥ am¿

]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn¬ \n∂v am¿ Znh-∂m-

tkymkv F∂v ÿm\-\m-a-Øn¬ saXm-

t∏m-eoØm ÿm\w kzoI-cn-®p. CtXmsS

tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-

eo-Øm-bpsS Bÿm-\hpw Ac-a-\bpw

Xma-kn-bmsX k`-bpsS skI-t´-dn-tb‰pw

Bbn -Øo¿∂p. 1811˛se ae-bmfw

ss__nƒ ]kn-≤o-I-c-WsØ XpS¿∂v

(A∂v 4 kphn-ti-j-ßƒ amXta ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-®p-≈p) tijw thZ-]p-kvXI `mK-

ßƒ sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v ]pen-

t°m -ń¬ saXm≥ ]q¿Æ-ambpw

hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp. t\m¿´s‚ Xmakw

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ A\p-h-Zn-°mØXns\

XpS¿∂v dkn-U‚ns‚ \ockw aqew B

hnh¿Ø\w shfn®w I≠n-√. dºm-®≥

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkw

Bcw-`n-®p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ Cw•ojv

hnZym- ymkw Bcw- n® BZy-ÿm-]\w ]g-

b-sk-an-\mcn Bbn-cp-∂p. B h¿jw Xs∂

]cn -an -X -amb tXmXn¬ Hcp Nm∏¬

\n¿Ωn°phm\pw skan-\mcn ÿm]-I\v

Ign-™p. Cu hnh-c-ß-sf√mw sNdnbm≥

k`m- ÿm-]-\-ßƒ

tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ith

skan-\mcn F∂ Bibw ae-¶-c-bn¬ ]N-

cn-∏n-®p. sX°≥ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ ]Ya aev]m-

\mbn-cp∂ Imbw-Ipfw ]oen-t∏mkv dºm≥

]pen-t°m- n¬- C- q∏v aev]ms‚ skan-\mcn

kz]v\sØ ]n¥p-W-®p. Cu kz]v\w

bmYm¿∞y-am-°p-hm\mbn hń-∏-W-Øns‚

BbnsS e`n® ]eni hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-W-

sa∂ Ah-cpsS At]£ bmYm¿∞o-I-cn-

®v. dkn-U‚ns‚ ip]m¿i-bn-t∑¬ tIm´bw

]hr-Øn-bn¬ tKmhn-µ-]pcw Ic-bn¬ ao\-

®n¬ Bdns‚ XocØv ]Xn-\mdv G°¿

ÿew Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ dmWn Ic-sam-gn-

hmbn Hutk∏v (C´q∏v) dºms‚ t]cn¬

\¬In. 1814 s^_p. 15˛\v ]pen-t°m-ń¬

dºm≥ skan-\m-cn-bpsS inem-ÿm-]\w \S-

Øn 1815 am¿®n¬ ]Wn-]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. B

h¿jw Xs∂ BZy-_m-®n-te°v hnZym¿∞n-

skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]gb Zriyw

AhnsS sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ kpdn-bm\n `mj A`y-

kn®pw Bh-iy-amb Bcm-[-

\-I-a-ßƒ ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-Xn-

bpw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥

]cn-io-en-®p. h√-t∏mgpw

hym]m-c-°-∏ep-Iƒ hgn

kphn-ti-j-]-Nm-c-W-Øn-

\mbn h∂n-cp∂ t]¿jy≥,

A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ k`m-[y-£-

∑m-cpsS km∂n≤yw Cu

]mT-im-e-Isf kPo-h-am-°p-

sa-¶nepw lkz-k-µ¿i-\-

Øn\v tijw Ah¿ A]-

Xy-£-cm-Ip-tºm-ƒ Ah¿°v e`n® Dt∑-

jhpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu Zb-\ob Ah-ÿ-bpsS ]›m-Ø-

e-Øn-emWv t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ 15˛mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ skan\m-cn-Iƒ ÿm]n-®-Xv. ssIkv-

Xh kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-hn-en-cp∂ Dƒt∏m-

cp-Ifpw hnizmk sshhn-[y-ßfpw Ah-K-

Wn®v tIcf k` Cu skan-\m-cn-Isf Bt«-

-jn-®p. GXm\pw h¿jw sIm≠v ]m›mXy

ssien-bn¬ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°-s∏´ \qdvIW-

°n\v sshZn-I¿ Ah-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øn-

ßn. Zu¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ Cu skan-\m-cn-Iƒ

ae-¶c k`-bnse BZy-hn-`-P-\-Øn\v Ifw-

kr-jvSn-®p. 1599˛se DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kq∂-l-

tZmkv Cu hn`-P\w ]q¿Æ-am-°n. 1653˛¬

Iq\≥ Ipcnip ]Xn-⁄-tbmsS tdma≥

\pIw hen-s®-dn™-t∏mƒ Gsd \jvS-

tØm-sS-bmWv k` kzmX-¥yØn-tebv°v

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 27

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

PUvPn Fgp-Xnb k`m-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Ah-

km-\-am-bn-sIm-SpØ IØp-Iƒ (anj-W-dn-

am¿ Ab-®-Xv) hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. CS-h-I-

∏-≈nI-fnse IW-°p-Iƒ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-

bpsS Adn-hn\pw ]cn-tim-[-\°pw AwKo-

Im-c-Øn\pw th≠n tIm´bw ]gb skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ \evIp∂ ]Xnhv B h¿jw

Xs∂ Bcw-`n-®-Xmbn Ipdp-∏w-]Sn ]≈n-

bpsS Ncn-X-Imc≥ B-Øp-¶¬ Koh¿-Kokv

tImsd-∏-kvtIm∏ tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

ae-¶c k`-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬

\n∂mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp KŸ-im-

ebv°p ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Bcw-`w-Ip-

dn-®p. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ saXm-t∏m-eoØ

]pkvX-I-ßƒ°v tÃm°v cPn-Ã¿ Xømdm-

°n-b-Xm-bmWv anj-\-dn-am-cpsS tcJ-I-fn¬

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. C]-Imcw sshZnI

hnZym- ym-kw, Cw•ojv mjm hnZym- ym-kw,

Nm∏¬, KŸ-ime F∂nh 1815˛1816 Ime-

L-´-Øn¬ `mh-\m-]q¿∆w kwhn-[m\w

sNbvXp. 1816 \wh-_¿ 24˛\v B I¿Ω-

tbmKn Imew sNbvXp ]gb skan-\mcn

Nm∏-en¬ I_-d-S-°-s∏-´p. At±-l-Øns‚

175˛mw Nc-a-hm¿jn-I-Øn¬ "k`m-tPym-

Xn v' F∂ _lp-aXn \¬In BZ-cn-®p.

At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-tijw ]p∂X

Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv, tN∏mSv am¿ Znh-∂m-

tkymkv F∂o ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-

cpsS ImeØv anj-\-dn-am¿ skan-\m-cn-bpsS

]n≥kn-∏¬ ÿm\w kzb-tah Itø-¬°p-

Ibpw skan-\m-cn-bpsS `cWw Ah-cn¬

\n£n-]vX-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ItaW

Ah-cpsS s]m´-Ã‚ v D]-tZ-ißƒ°v

skan-\mcn thZn-bm-b-tXmsS k` AXn-s\-

Xnsc ]Xn-I-cn-®p. 1836 P\p-hcn 16˛\v

tN¿∂ amth-en-°c kn\Uv anj-\dn

_‘w hnt—-Zn-®-Xn-s\-ØpS¿∂v anj-\-dn-

am¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v ]n≥hm-ßp-Ibpw

1840˛se Xocp-am-\-]-Imcw (sIm®n≥

Ahm¿Uv) kzØp hn`-Pn®v ]ncn-bp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. (C°m-eØv t_°¿ s^≥,

s_bnen F∂n-h¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ NpaXe

hln-°p-Ibpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ÿm]n®

A®p-Iq-S-Øn¬ \n∂v ae-bmf ss__nƒ

]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.)

anj-\-dn-am¿ ]n≥hm-ßn-sb-¶nepw \ho-

I-c-W-kzm-[o\w skan-\m-cn-bnepw k`-

bnepw Xßn-\n-∂p. A°m-esØ skan-\m-

cn-bnse ][m\ aev]m≥ (]me-°p-∂Øv

F_lmw aev]m≥) \ho-I-c-W-Øns‚

t]cn¬ apS-°-s∏- p. skan-\m-cn-bnse ]T\w

CtXmsS \ne-®p.

h¿j-ß-fmbn apS-ßn-°n-S-∂ hń-∏-W-

Øns‚ ]eni H∂n®v e`n-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v

1870 CShw 4 apX¬ tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-

\m-cn-bn¬ sshZnI ]cn-io-e\w ]p\-cm-cw-

`n-®p. Abn-cq¿ sNdp-Isc ]oen-t∏mkv

aev]m\pw IS-hn¬ Iqc≥ ]utemkv aev]m-

\p-am-bn-cp∂p apJy A≤ym-]-I¿. skan-\m-

cn-bpsS ]h¿Ø\w \ho-I-cW kzm[o-\-

Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]q¿∆nI kpdnbm\n

°m¿°mbn Ip∂w-Ip-fw, shń-°¬, ]mºm-

°p-S, ]cp-ae F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ]pen-t°m-

ń¬ tPmk v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-

a≥ Xncp-ta\n Bcw-`n® skan-\m-cn-Ifpw

kam-¥-c-ambn ]h¿Øn-®p. ae-¶c k`-bp-

sS, 1873˛¬ ]cp-a-e-bn¬ tN¿∂ ]Ya ae-

¶c At m-kn-tb-js‚ £W-]Imcw

1875˛¬ ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pm-hns\ kµ¿in®v

A`y¿∞n-®-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v 1875˛¬ Bbneyw

Xncp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pmhv 1852˛se hnfw-_cw

]n≥h-en-®p. XpS¿∂v 1879˛¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv A©m-a≥ hmZn-bmbpw \ho-I-cW

]ÿm\w \bn® ]me-°p-∂Øv tXmakv

am¿ AØ-\m-tkymkv H∂mw ]Xn-bmbpw

\S∂ skan-\m-cn-t°-kn¬ Pbn-®-Xns\

XpS¿∂v am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-a≥

1885˛¬ \ho-I-cW saXm-\n¬ \n∂v

tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn ssIi-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

1886˛¬ tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn¬

sshZn-I-hn-Zym-`ymkw ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®p. h´-

t»cn¬ Koh¿Kokv aev]m\pw tIm\m´v

amØ≥ aev]m\pw Bbn-cp∂p apJy

A≤ym]-I¿. skan-\m-cn-bnse A≤ym-]-\-

Øn\mbn Xøm-dm-°nb t\m´p-Iƒ atXm-]-

tZ-i-km-cw, kpdn-bm\n H∂mw-]mTw F∂o

io¿j-I-ß-fn¬ C°m-eØv h´-t»cn

aev]m≥ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. c≠p aev]m-∑mcpw

tN¿∂v ap≥ Xp-_vtZ-\p-Iƒ At¥ym-Jy≥

amXr-I-bn¬ cq]-t`Zw hcp-Ønbpw Km\-

ßƒ tN¿Øpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. C°m-eØv

1886 sk]vXw_dnepw 1892 sk]vXw-_-dnepw

1895 \hw-_-dnepw 1901 G]n-enepw 1908

s^_p-h-cn-bnepw ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n

InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ tbmK-ßƒ

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ IqSn. an° tbmK-ßfpw

c≠pct≠-ap-°m¬ Znhkw \o≠p\n∂p.

1909 \hw-_-dn¬ A_vZp≈ ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns‚ A≤y-£Xbn¬ ChnsS tN¿∂

At m-kn-tb-j≥ tbmKw Xncp-am-\-sa-

Sp°msX ]ncn-™p. AXn\v tij-amWv

I£n-h-g-°p-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®-Xv.

1930 sk]vXw-_-dn¬ h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ BWv

ASpØ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ tbmKw ]g-b-

sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv AhnsS

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ tbmK-ßƒ tN¿∂n- n-√.

skan-\mcn ssIh-i-amb tijw ]pen-

t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n -tbm-sSm∏w sia-

hp≥am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkpw (kndn-b≥)

]gb skan-\mcn C∂v

IS-hn¬ am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkpw (tIm´-

bw) -]-g-b-sk-an-\m-cnsb Bÿm-\-am-°n.

1909 Pqsse 12˛\v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-

eoØ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv

Imew sNbvXp. Nm∏-ens‚ hS-t°-ap-dn-bn¬

I_-d-S-ßn. ssIhiw Inńb skan-\m-cn-

Nm-∏-ens‚ IqZmi At±-l-amWv \n¿∆-ln-

®-Xv.

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw ]n≥Km-

an-I-fp-sSbpw ImeØv I√m-t»-cn¬ ]p∂qkv

dºm≥, ]\-°¬ bmt°m_v aev]m≥, Ce-

hn-\m-a-T-Øn¬ aev]m≥, a´-bv°¬ Ae-

Ivkm-≠-tbmkv aev]m≥ F∂n-h¿ ][m\

Kpcp-°-∑m-cm-bn. I£n-h-g-°ns\ XpS¿∂v

]gb skan-\m-cn-bnepw tIm´bw Fw. Un.-

sk-an-\m-cn-bnepw (ÿm]-I≥ ]pen-t°m-

28

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


ń¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-a≥) amdn-

amdn sshZnI ]cn-io-e-\w \S-∂p.

^m. sI. tUhn-Uv, kn.sP kvIdnbm

aev]m≥, am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kv, m. hn.sI.

amXyqkv, tUm. am¿ sXtbm-^ntem-kv,

tUm. ]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv

F∂n-h¿ ]n≥kn-∏mƒam-cmbn tkh\w

sNbvXp. am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv ]n≥kn-

∏¬ Bbn-cns° 1965˛¬ (150˛mw h¿jw)

skdm-ºq¿ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bp-ambn A^n-

en-tb‰v sNbvXp. tUm. ]utemkv am¿

KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Imew kw -

h-_-lp-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1977˛¬ hS-°p-h-iØp

sIńSw ]q¿Ønbm-bn. 1980˛¬ am¿tØmΩm,

kn.F-kv.sF, skan-\m-cn-I-fp-ambn kl-I-

cn®v F^v.-F-^v.-B¿.-B¿.-kn. (Federated

Faculty of Research In Religious and Culture)

F∂ t]cn¬ _ncp-Zm-\-¥c ]T\w XpS-ßn.

1984˛¬ A¬amb thZ-imkvX ]cn-io-e\w

(Znhy -t_m -[ -\w) XpS -ßn. 1988˛¬

_p°vkv‰mfpw 1989˛¬ kwKo-X-hn-Zym-e-

bhpw (ipXn)-Xp-S-ßn. ^m. tUm. sI.Fw.

tPm¿PmWv Ct∏m-gsØ ]n≥kn-∏mƒ.

1990˛¬ skan -\m -cn -bpsS 175˛mw

hm¿jnIw ]mam-Wn®v k`m hn⁄m\-

tImiw F∂ Hcp d^-d≥kv KŸw ]kn-

≤o-I-cn®p 2000˛¬ kvarXn-k-ap-®bw F∂

t]cn¬ aq∂v \ne-I-fn-ep≈ sIńSw \n¿Ωn-

®p. Ah- b-Ym-Iaw ]. amXyqkv ]Y-a≥

_mhm, tUm. sXtbm-^n-tem-kv, tUm.

KntKm-dn-tbmkv F∂o ]n≥kn-∏mƒam¿°v

kvamc-I-ambn ]Xn-jvTn-®p.

Znhy-t_m-[\w

1984˛¬ Bcw- n-®p. \qdv IW-°n\v ]mtZ-

inI tIµ-ßƒ, Id -kvt]m -≠≥kv

tImgvkv, k¿ń- n-°‰v, Untπm-a, _ncp-Z-Xe-

ßƒ. ]Øp-hn-j-b-ßƒ hoXw Iao-I-cn®v

skan-\mcn A≤ym-]-I¿ Xøm-dm-°nb

]pkvX-I-ßƒ ]Imcw t_m[\w \S-

Øp∂p. ^m. Sn.sP. tPmjzm, ^m. kn.kn.

sNdn-bm≥, ^m. tUm. tPm¿Pv ]pen-t°m-

ń¬, m. tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿, m. tP°_v

amXyp F∂n-h¿ Npa-Xe hln-®p.

tkm^nb sk‚¿

1974˛¬ tUm. ]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-

tbmkv ]Wn-I-gn-∏n® Cu Ccp-\ne sIń-S-

ß-fn¬ Xma-k-ku-I-cyhpw ktΩ-f-\-lmƒ,

`£-W-im-e, Nm∏¬ F∂n-h-bp-ap-≠v.

kvarXn-a-µncw

2002 \hw-_¿ 25˛\v H∂-c-t°mSn cq]

Nn-e-h-gn®v \n¿Ωn®v DZvLm-S\w \S-Øn.

Kwò-c-amb aq∂p \ne-s°-ń-S-ßƒ. Hcp-\n-

e-bn¬ k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰nIƒ, c≠mw

\ne-bn¬ sse_-dn, aq∂mw \ne-bn¬

FIyp-sa-\n°¬ ]T-\-K-th-j-W-tI-µw.

k`-bnse ]pcm-X\ ]≈n-I-fpsS tcJm-Nn-

X-ßƒ Cu sIń-S-Øns‚ nØn-Isf Ae-

¶-cn-®-cn-°p-∂p.

"ipXn' kvIqƒ Hm^v en‰¿Pn-°¬ayqkn-°v

kwKoX A≤ym-]-I-\mb ^m. Fw.]n.

tPm¿Pv Ub-d-IvS¿ Bbn Kmb-I-kw-L-

ßsf "ipXn'-bn¬ dPnÃ¿ sNbvXv GtIm-

]n-∏n-®p ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

kmcq]y kvIqƒ Hm^v tkI´vB¿´v (Saroopya)

InkvXob Ie-Isf t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-

\mbn 2000˛¬ ]n≥kn-∏m-fns‚ D’m-l-

Øn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. FIyp-sa-\n-°¬

]mXn-b¿°okv ]. _¿Ø-tem-antbm H∂m-

a≥ 2000˛¬ skan-\mcn kµ¿in® thf-

bn¬ DXvLm-S\w sNbvXp. Iconography(InkvXo-b-Nn-X-I-e), tUmIyp-sa‚dn

^nenw \n¿ΩmWw F∂n-h-bn¬ ]cn-io-

e\w \¬Ip-∂p. ^n≥e-≠nse Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bp-ambn kl-I-cn®p NnX-I-

em-≤ym-]-I¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

FbnUvkv tcmKw, ]cn-ÿnXn \miw F∂n-

h-sb-°p-dn®p hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ \n¿Ωn®

tUmIyp-sa‚-dnƒ°v Ahm¿Up-Iƒ e`n-®p.

]mcojv anj≥

skan-\mcn A≤ym-]-I-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-

Øn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS sNdp-Kq-∏p-Iƒ

Ah-[n-°m-e-ß-fn¬ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ h-\-k-

µ¿i-\w, kphn-ti-j-tbm-K-ßƒ, ¢m p-

Iƒ, Iu¨k-enwKv XpS-ßn-bh \S-Øp-∂p.

CXc tkh-\-ßƒ

F^v.-F-^v.-B¿.-B¿.-kn., tUmIvS¿

Hm^v Xntbm-f-Pn, amÃ¿ Hm^v Xntbm-fPn

F∂n hnj-b-ßƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]Tn-∏n-

°p-∂p.

Pn.F-kv.-Sn.-F, _n.Un. F∂o tImgvkp-

Iƒ°p ]pdta sshZn-Isc _m®p-I-fmbn

]th-in-∏n®v C≥k¿∆okv tImgvkp-Ifpw

\SØn-h-cp-∂p.

DØ-tc-¥y-bn-te-°p≈ sshZn-Isc ]cn-

io-en-∏n-°phm≥ ]gb skan-\m-cn-bpsS Hcp

imJ-bmbn DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ \mK-∏q¿ skan-

\mcn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. DØ-tc-¥y≥ `mj-

Ifpw kwkvIm-chpw ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-hm≥

ChnsS kuI-cy-ap-≠v.

tIc-f -Ønse hnhn[ ]mtZ -inI

kmwkvIm-cnI [mc-Isf Dƒs°m-≈p-hm≥

sshZn-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-Isf ]m]vX-cm-°p-amdv

tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-bnse hnZym-

`ymkw hntI-µoI-cn-t°-≠nbn-cn-°p-∂p.

BZy-h¿j-hn-Zym¿∞n-Isf sImc-ń-bnse

kntbm≥ skan-\m-cn-bnepw c≠mw h¿j-

°msc Beph Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\m-cn-

bnepw aq∂mw h¬j-°msc ]cp-ae skan-

\m-cn-bnepw A`y-kn-∏n°p-hm≥ Aev]w

t¢iw kln-®m-sW-¶nepw k` ]h¿Øn-

®m¬ CSp-ßnb ]mtZ-inI Xmev]-cy-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v sshZn-I-sc tamNn-∏n-°m-\m-hpw.

]. ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS Bÿm\w

tZh-tem-I-tØ°v 1953˛¬ am‰n. Hmô-kp-

Ifpw Ahn-tSbv°v hntI-µo-I-cn®v amXr-I-

bm-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

sshZnI skan-\mcn k`-bpsS _p≤n-]-

c-amb kncm-tI-µ-am-Wv. Ipd-™-]£w

aq∂v kwL-S-\-Iƒ F¶nepw skan-\m-cn-

bpsS ta¬hn-em-k-Øn¬ Bcw- n®v AXXv

cwKsØ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS GtIm-]-\-th-

Zn-bmbn ]h¿Øn-°-Ww.

1. Xntbm-f-Pn°¬ kwL-S\: ssZh-

imkvX hnZ-Kv[-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS Kth-j-W-

Nn -¥-Iƒ Ah-X-cn -∏n®v AwKo-Imcw

t\Sp∂ Hcp thZn-bm-IWw AXv.

2. k`m-N-cn-X-hn- mKw: HutZym-Kn-I-amb

NcnXw cNn-°m≥ Bhpw-hn[w Kth-j-W-

ßƒ GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Cu kwL-S\

bXv\n-°-Ww.

3. en‰¿Pn-°¬ kwL-S\: Bcm-[-\m-

]-cn-jvIm-c-ß-sf-∏‰n hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm\pw

ip]m¿i-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-hm\pw ]m]vX-

cmb Bfp-Isf Cu _m\-dn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-

°-Ww.

C]-Imcw Bcw- n-®-Im-esØ∂t]mse

k`-bpsS lrZ-bhpw akvXn-j-°hpw F∂

ÿm\w tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn hos≠-

Sp-°-Ww 21˛mw \q‰m-≠nse I¿Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn-

Iƒ Bhn-j-°-cn-°p-hm≥ Npa-X-e-bp≈h¿

Cu hgntb Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv kzmK-Xm¿lhpw

A`n-e-j-Wo-bhpw Bbn-cn-°pw.

(teJ-I≥ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`-bnse ]apJ k`m-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw

KŸ-I¿Øm-hp-amWv. Xriq¿ kn.Fw.-F-

kv. sslkvIqƒ, Beph bp.kn. tImfPv

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

c≠p Uk-\n-tesd KŸ-ß-fpsS cN-bn-

Xmhv, ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-hn-

⁄m-\-tImiw apJy teJ-I≥, Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv ÃUn ss__n-fns‚ `mjm-hn-

Z-Kv[≥ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-

∂p.)

a

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 29

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

Bcpw XpW-bn-√m-sX-bm-bm¬\mw F¥p sNøpw?

]pcp-j≥ GI-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp \∂√

F∂p ssZhw I≠n v Ah\p X°-Xmb Hcp

XpWsb sImSp-Øp. F∂m¬ C∂v \mw

]e-hn[ Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬ XpW-bn-

√m-Ø-h-cm-Ip-∂p. ¿Øm-hn-s‚tbm mcy-bp-

sStbm hn-tbmK-Øns‚ thZ-\-bn¬ H‰-s∏-

Sp-∂-h¿, hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\pw ]pdw-tPm-en-

°p-ambn a°ƒ hoSp-hn´p t]mIp-tºmƒ

GIm-¥-X-bn¬ BIp-∂-h¿ XpSßn th¿

]m-Sns‚ ZpxJw t]dp-∂-h¿ \ap°p Np‰pw

[mcmfw D≠v. Xnc-t°-dnb B[p-\nI temI-

]cn-Xy-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ...AUz. A∂Ω Ipcy≥

Øn¬ kz¥-°mcpw kplr-Øp-°fpw ASp-

Øp-s≠-¶nepw Pohn-X-]m-X-bn¬ IqSp-Xepw

\mw X\nsb BWv.

tbip-In-kvXp- t]mepw H‰-s∏-S-ens‚

Xoh-th-Z\ Cu `qan-bn¬ h®v A\p-`-hn-

t°-≠n-h-∂p. K’-a-\-bn¬ Ahn-Sp∂v ]nSn-

°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ injy∑m¿ I¿Øm-hns\

Dt]£n®p-t]m-bn. k¿∆-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw

c£-°mbn Iqin-X-\m-b-t∏mƒ am\-h-temIw

apgp-h\pw Ahs\ ssIhn´p.

""Fs‚ ssZhta Fs‚ ssZh-ta, \o Fs∂

ssIhn- Xv F¥v'' F∂p tbip ssZh-tØm-

Smbn AXyp-®-Øn¬ \ne-hn-fn-®p. ]Xvsamkv

Zzo]ns‚ GIm-¥-X-bn¬ I¿Ømhv ZqX≥

apJm-¥ncw Ab®p Xs‚ injy-\mb tbml-

∂m\p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-h-bmWv shfn-]mSv

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

AXn-\m¬ \mw GIm-¥-X-bpsS hnß-ep-Iƒ

A\p-`-hn-°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hn\v

AXns‚ Bgw a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw.

Iw]yq- ¿, Sn.hn. XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ Nne¿

Xß-fpsS GXm-¥X Ipgn-®p-aq-Sp-∂p. a‰p-

Nn-e¿ aZy-Øn¬ A`bw tXSp-∂p. F∂m¬

Hcp InkvXym\n Cß-s\-bp≈ Ah-k-c-

ß-fn¬ Xf-cm-sX, ssZhw Adn-bmsX H∂pw

kw -hn-°p-∂n-s√∂pw Ahn-SpsØ AZ-riy-

I-c-ßƒ H∏-ap≠v F∂ Dd-∏nepw hniz-kn®v

apt∂m´p t]mIp-∂p.

""_ehpw ss[cy-hp-ap≈hcm-bn-cn-∏n≥;

\ns‚ ssZh-amb btlmh \nt∂mSp IqsS

teJ\w

Xepw F°m-ehpw kvacn-°-s∏-Spw. InkvXp-

hn¬ hf-cp-hm\pw k -bpsS hnizmk kwln

-X-bn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-hm\pw \ΩpsS `mhn

hmKvZm-\ßfmb Ip™p-ßƒ°v CS-bm-I-

s´. Bflob a\p-jys‚ ]tXy-IX Ah≥

kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw sFIy-Øn-s‚bpw A¥-

co£w krjvSn-°p-∂p F∂-XmWv.

F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hnP-b-I-c-

ambnØocp∂Xn\m-h-iy-amb ssZh-Ir-]- k-

ar-≤n-bmbn e`n-°-s∏-Spsa∂v Cu ]ÿm-

\-Øns‚ Ffnb Hcp ap≥ ]h¿Ø-I≥

IqSn-bmb Rm≥ lrZbwKa-ambn Biwkn-

°p-Ibpw ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXp-

t]msebp≈ \ΩpsS Bflob kwL-S-\-

Ifpw Ah-bpsS ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw Ah-bn¬

]s¶-Sp-°p∂hsc Bflo-b-cm-°n-Øo¿-

°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Is´ F∂pw ]m¿∞n-°p-

∂p. InkvXp-hn-ep≈ mhw \Ωn-ep-≠m-Ip-

hm≥ (^nen. 2:5) \ap°v ]cn-i-an-°mw.

Bflob ^ew ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ i‡-

amb ]ÿm-\-ambnØo-c-s´, Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv bph-P\ hnZym¿∞n ]ÿm\w.

(teJ-I≥ Fw.Pn.-H.-kn.Fkv.Fw. ap≥

tIµ- sshkv ]knU‚pw dn´. skbv¬kv

SmIvkv Hm^o-k-dpamWv.)

tPm¨ h¿Kokv tamtfØv, ASq¿

1908- ¬ aZmkv InkvXy≥ tImtf-

Pn¬ Bcw-`n® Iq´m-bva-bmWv Fw.-Pn.-H.-

kn.Fkv.Fw. Bb-Xv. ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUm

Ivkv k`-bpsS B≤ym-flnI ]ÿm-\-ß-

fn¬ ][m-\-s∏´ H∂mWv CXv. \ΩpsS k -

bnse bph-P-\-ßƒ°v Bflo-b-ambn Nn¥n-

°p-∂-Xn\pw hf-cp∂Xn\p-ap≈ Hcp thZn-

IqSn-bm-Wv. k`m kvt\ln-Isf kmaq-lnI

]Xn-_-≤-X-bn¬ Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu

]ÿm\w \¬Ip∂ t\XrXzw Gh¿°pw

Adn-hp-≈-Xm-Wv.

AN-©-e-amb ssZh-hn-izm-khpw ASn-

bp-d® k`m-kvt\-lhpw kwc-£n-°m\pw

hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ tkh\ XXv]-c-Xbpw,

ipiq-jbpw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw F√m-‰n-

\p-ap-]cn kXy-Øn\pw [¿Ω-Øn\pw \oXn-

°pw-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p∂ ]pXnb Xe-ap-

dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°m\pw CXv klm-bn-°p-

∂p. Bcm-[-\, ]T-\w, tkh\w F∂o e£y-

ß-tfmsS bph-P-\-ßƒ ]hr-Øn-I-fn-eq-sS

kaq-l-Øn\v amXr-I-bm-I-Ww.

Fw.-Pn.-H.kn.-F-kv.Fw. AXn‚ iXm_vZn

\nd-hn-em-Wv. iXm_vZn BtLm-j-Øns‚

`mK-ambn sNss∂-bn¬ t_mUvth sk‚ v.

tXmakv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv IØo-U-en¬

\n∂p≈ Zo]-in-Jm-bmX tUm. ]n.-kn. Ae-

Ivkm-≠¿ DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. hnZym¿∞n

]ÿm\w ]kn-U‚ v tUm. kJ-dn-bm am¿

sXtbm-^n-temkv Xncp-ta\n A≤y-£-X

hln-®p.

tIc-f-Øn¬ F√m Zm-k\ AXn¿Øn-

I-fn¬ IqSnbpw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Zo]-in-Jm-

bmX 2008 Unkw-_¿ 14 \v ]cp-a-e-bn¬

kam-]n-°p-Ibpw Unkw-_¿ 26 apX¬ 31

hsc AXn-[-\y-amb ]cp-a-e-bn¬ iXm_vZn

kam-]\ ktΩ-f\w \S-°p-I-bp-am-Wv.

hnZym¿∞n-]-ÿm-\-Ønse AwK-ßƒ

hnizm-k-Øn¬ hf¿∂p tkh-\-am¿K-Øn-

eqsS k`bv°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw \∑ ]I-

cp∂ \√ amXr-I-I-fmbn amd-Ww. a‰p-≈-

h¿°m-bp≈ kvt\l-hpw Icp-Xepw al-

Xz-Øns‚ e£-W-ß-fm-Wv. InkvXo-b-X-

bpsS alXzw ipiq-j-bm-Wv. bmt°m_v

ssZh-Øns‚ kºØpw Ckm-tb¬ ssZh-

Øns‚ \nt£-]hpw BIp-∂p-sh∂v k¶o¿

Ø-\-°m-c≥ ]d-bp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kº-

Ømb \mw kaq-l-Øn\v ]Imiw \¬Ip-

∂-h-cmbn ssZh-I-c-ß-fnse \nt£-]-ambn

amd-Ww. \ΩpsS k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ Cu

]ÿm\-tØmSv ImWn-°p∂ i≤bpw Icp-

Fw.-Pn.-H.-kn.-F-kv.-Fw. iXm_vZn \nd-hn¬teJ\w

a

30

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


tNmZyw (a) 1 iap-th¬ 18:10- ¬ C]-Imcw ImWp-∂p. ""]ns‰-Zn-hkw ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬ \n∂p≈ Zpcm-flmhv iu-ens‚ ta¬ h∂p. Ah≥ Ac-a-\-bv°p-≈n¬ `m¥-s\-t∏mse ]pe-ºn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw iu¬ Zmho-Zns\sIme sNøp-hm≥ ]e-h´w ian-®p.''ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v Zpcm-flmhv ]pd-s∏-Sptam? Aßs\ ]pd-s∏-´m¬ iuens\Ip‰w ]d-bm≥ Ign-bptam?

(b) ]pd-∏mSv 9:12, 10:20, 27, XpS-ßnbhmIy-ß-fn¬ ""ssZhw ^d-thms‚lrZbw ITn-\-am°n'' F∂v ImWp-∂p.""ssZhw ^d-thms‚ lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-am-°n-sb-¶n¬ bnkm-tb-ens\ ank-bo-an¬ \n∂v hnSp-hn-°m-Ø-Xn\v d-thms\Ip‰w ]d-bp-hm≥ ]‰ptam?

adn-bmΩ kmap-h¬, amaw-Kew

DØcw : ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v Zpcm-flmhv

h∂p-sb-∂-Xpw ssZhw lrZbw ITn-\-am-°n-

sb-∂Xpw Cu Imcy-ßƒ ]n∂oSv Fgp-Xn-

b-h-cpsS km£yw amX-am-Wv. Cu `mK-

ßƒ F_mb mj-bn¬\n∂v hnh¿Ø\w

sNbvX-Xn¬ h∂ sX‰p-I-fpw Fgp-Øp-Im-

cs‚ a\- n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Imen-I-amb

Nn¥Ifpw ap≥hn-[n-Ifpw tN¿∂mWv Cu

hn[-amb ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ [mcmfw thZ-`m-K-ßƒ

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p-≠v. AXp-hgn

kvt\l-hm-\mb ssZh-sØ, Icp-Wm-a-b-

\mb ssZh-sØ, ]Xn-Im-c-Øn-s‚, ssZh-

ambn ]gb \nb-a-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬

\ap°v tXm∂n-t∏m-Imw. CXv B ImeØv

\ne-\n∂ Nne sX‰mb [mc-W-I-fm¬ Fgp-

Øp-Im¿ kzoI-cn® sX‰mb kao-]-\-sØ-

bmWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øn¬ Zpcm-

thZ-hn-Nmcw

^m. tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv XÆn-t°m´v

flm-hn-√. ssZhw a\p-jy\v tZmjw hcp-

hm-\mbn Zpcm-flm-hns\ Ab-°p-I-bp-an-√.

Fs¥-∂m¬ Zpcm-flmhv ssZthjvSw sNøp-

I-bn-√. ssZh-ln-X-Øn\v hntcm[-am-bXp

amXta Zpcm -flmhv sNøp -Ibp -≈q.

F∂m¬ ]ns∂ iuens‚ Imcy-Øn¬

F¥mWv kw`-hn-®Xv?

1 iap 18:12-˛¬ btlmh iuens\ hn´p

amdn-t∏mbn F∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn -°p-∂p.

kmØm≥ a\p-jys\ ssZh-hn-tcm-[n-bmbn

]m]w sNøn-°p-hm≥ ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

∂p. ssZhm-flmhv AXn¬\n∂v (km-

Øms‚ i‡n-bn¬ \n∂v) \sΩ ImØp-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. eq°v 22:31; 2 sX 2:7˛

Cu `mKß-fn¬ XSp-°p∂ Bflmhv amdn-

t∏m-bm¬, A.]. 5:30¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse

kmØm≥ \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßsf ssIh-i-

am-°pw. Ctøm-_ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ kw`-hn-

®Xv Fs¥∂p t\m°p-I. ""\o Ah-∂pw

Ahs‚ hoSn-\pw Ah-\p≈ kI-e-Øn∂pw

Np‰pw then sIó-ń-√tbm'' F∂mWv

kmØm≥ ssZh-tØmSv ]d-bp-∂Xv (Ctøm.

1:1). iuen¬ \n∂v ssZhm-flmhv \oßn-t∏m-

b-t∏mƒ Ah\p Np‰pw ssZhw h®n-cp∂

kwc-£W hebw \jvS -amIpIbpw

kmØm≥ Ah-\n¬ ]th-in-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. iu¬ ssZh-I-ev]\ ewLn-®-Xn-

\m-emWv ssZhm-flmhv Ahs\ hn´p-am-dn-

b-Xv. ssZhm-flm-hns‚ km∂n≤yw \jvS-

am-Ip-∂n-S-sØ√mw Zpcm-flmhv Ib-dn-bn-cn-

°pw. CXmWv kw`-hn-®-Xv. C∂p kw`-hn-

®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpw CXp Xs∂-bm-Wv.

^d-thms‚ Imcy-Ønepw CXp Xs∂-

bmWv kw`-hn-®-Xpw. ssZhw ^d-thms\

ITn\-am-°n-b-X-√, kmØm≥ Ah-\n¬

IXrXzw \S-Øn-b-Xn-\m¬ Ah≥ ssZh-ln-

X-Øn\v FXn-cmbn ]h¿Øn-®-Xm-Wv.

bmYm¿∞yw Kln-°m-sX, ssZhw ^d-

thms‚ lrZ-bsØ ITn-\am-°n-sbs∂gp-

Xn-t∏m-b-Xv, Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ sX‰mb [mc-

W-aq-e-am-Wv. F_mb `mj-bn¬ ImZSv

(KADAD) F∂ ]Z-sØ-bmWv ITn-\-sa∂v

X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu hm°n\v

Kuc-hw, ITn -\w, L\w, DS -a -ÿ≥

Fs∂√mw A¿∞-ap-≠v. X¿÷n-a-°m-cs‚

ap≥hn-[n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb kao-]-\-ß-fpw,

""ITn\''am°nsb∂ ]tbm-K-Øn-\n-S-bm-°n-

bn- p-≠v. ssZh-Ir] \jvS-amb d-thm≥,

Xs‚ lrZ-b-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ DS-a-ÿ≥

(KADAD) BIp-I-bpw, kz¥ Xocp-am-\-

Øm¬ ssZh-I-ev]\ ewLn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. ChnsS KADAD F∂ hm°v

Owner (DS-a-ÿ≥) F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬

BWv X¿÷a sNtø-≠-Xv. AXm-bXv

Xocp-am\w sNøp-hm≥ ]q¿Æ kzmX¥yw

ssZhw d-thm\p \¬In-sb-∂-XmWv icn-

bm-bn-´p-≈-Xv. BI-b¬ d-thms‚ Xocp-

am-\-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ≥ (KADAD) Ah≥

amX-am-Ip-∂p. C]-Im-c-ap≈ A\-h[n

hm°p-Iƒ sX‰mbn X¿÷a sNø-s∏-ń-´p-

≠v. ]tXy-In®pw ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬.

Hm¿°pI! ssZhm-flm-hns‚ kwc-£Ww

\jvS-am-bm¬ AhnsS Zpcm-flmhv ]th-in-

°p-I-bpw AXp-hgn iuen-∂pw d-thm∂pw

kw -hn® \miw \ap°pw kw -hn-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. BI-bm¬ ]co-£-bn¬ AI-s∏-

Sm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ DW¿∂n-cp∂p ]m¿∞n-∏n≥.

ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v Zpcm-flmhv ]pd-s∏-Sptam?

a

a

t]mcp∂p. Ah≥ \ns∂ ssIhn-Sp-I-bn√,

Dt]-£n-°-bp-an-√'' (Bh. 3:6).

""\o b-s∏-tS≠ Rm≥ \nt∂mSp IqsS-

bp≠v. àn®p t\mt°-≠, Rm≥ \ns‚

ssZh-am-Ip-∂p. Rm≥ \ns∂ im‡o-I-

cn°pw, Rm≥ \ns∂ klm-bn°pw, Fs‚

\oXn-bp≈ hewssI sIm≠v Rm≥ \ns∂

Xmßpw'' (sbi 41:10).

s]‰Ω Dt]-£n-®mepw ssZhw \sΩ

ssIhn-Sn√ F∂ I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w

\ap°v GXv ]Xn-k-‘n-L- -Ønepw ss[cyw

\¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

Bizmkw Is≠-Øm≥ a‰p-≈-hsc

klm-bn-t°≠ Npa-Xe IqSn \ap-°p-≠v.

ssZhw [mcm-f-ambn \¬Inb A\p-K-l-ß-

fpsS kq£n-∏p-Im-cmb \mw a‰p a\p-

jy¿°pw kIe Poh-Pm -e -ßƒ°pw

Ahsb A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ hnX-

cWw sNøm\pw IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

""Hmtcm-cp-Ø\pw hcw e`n-®-Xp-t]mse

hnhn-[-am-bp≈ ssZh-Ir-]-bpsS \√ Krl-

hn-Nm-c-I-∑m-cmbn AXn-s\-s°m≠v At\ym

\yw ipiq-jn-∏n≥'' (1. ]tXm. 4:10).

\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fn¬

Dd®p \n∂p-sIm≠v teihpw Ass[-cy-s∏-

SmsX GIm-¥-Xsb AXn-Po-hn-°p-hm≥

C]mImcw ]m¿∞n°mw: I¿Øm-th, \o

Fs‚ GIm-¥-X-bn-ep≈ ip\y-Xsb

\nd°p-∂-h-\-mIp∂p F∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-

°p-∂p. \ns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ßsf hniz-kn-

°m≥ Fs∂ im‡o-I-cn-t°-W-ta.Hcn-

°epw Dt]-£n-°-bn-√-sb∂pw F√m \mfpw

Rß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≠v F∂p-ap≈ Ahn-

SpsØ hmKvZm\w Fs∂ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ [\y-\m-a-Øn¬

Xs∂. BtΩ≥.

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 31

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

IcpØp sXfn-bn® alm-k-tΩ-f\w

kao-]-Ime k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse Ahn-

kva-c-Wob Hcp alXv kw`-h-am-bn-cp∂p

2008 \hw-_¿ 16-˛\v tIm-´bw ]´-W-Øn¬

\S∂ ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS

alm-k-tΩ-f-\w. k`m a°-fpsS hnizm-k-

Zr-V-Xbpw kzmX-¥y-Xo-£vW-Xbpw HsØm

-cp-abpw kwL-SnX i‡nbpw A®-S-°hpw

hnfn-t®m-Xnb B henb Iq´mbva tIm´-b-

Øns‚ hoYn-I-fn-eqsS \nd-s™m-gpIn

_t -en-tbmkv tImtfPv Ku≠n¬ HØp

IqSn-b-t∏mƒ AXp krjvSn® Ae-Iƒ Zo¿

L-\mƒ tIc-fsØ ]I-º\w sIm≈n-°p-

hm≥ t]mcp-∂-Xm-bn.

c≠p t\´-ß-fmWv Cu ktΩ-f\w hgn

e`n-®-Xv. H∂v, AXp \oXn \ntj-[-Øn\p

Iq´p-\n¬°p∂ c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS IÆp

Xpd-∏n-°p-hm\pw hnL-SnX hn`mKØn\v Hcp

Xm°o-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-hm\pw DX-Ip-∂-Xm-bn.

c≠v, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m a°ƒ°v Xß-

fpsS Bekyw shSn-bm\pw Bfl-hn-izmkw

hos≠-Sp-°m\pw CS-bm-°n. AW-s]m- n-bm-

se∂t]mse ktΩ-f\ \K-dn-te-s°m-gp-In-

b hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Xnc-Ø-≈¬ Z¿in®

Hcmƒ°pw AXp sXm´p-sXm-´p-W¿Ønb

Bflm-`n-am-\hpw Afl-ss[-cyhpw ad-°m-

\m-hn-√.

almktΩ-f\w F¥n\p th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p?

v 1653-˛¬ \S∂ Iq\≥Ip-cnip k-Xy-Øn-

eqsS ae-¶c k` t\Sn-sb-SpØ kzXzhpw

kzmX-¥yhpw Xt±-iob-Xbpw Hcp hntZi

i‡n°pw ASn-bdhbv°n√ F∂m-h¿

Øn®p ]Jym-]n-°phm≥.

v ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bvs°-Xnsc

\S-°p∂ \oXn-\n-tj-[-Øn¬ ]Xn-tj-

[n-°p-hm≥.

v `mc-X-Øns‚ ]c-tam-∂X \oXn-]o-T-amb

kp]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bpsS 1995-˛se hn[n

Xo¿∏pw A\p-_‘ hn[n-Ifpw \S-∏n-

em°n°n´p-hm≥.

v AIa am¿§-Øn-eqsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-

ßƒ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw tI^m t]mse-

bp≈ Xoh-hmZn kwL-S-\bv°v HØmi

sNøp-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Zriy-am-[y-a-

ß-fpsS apºn¬ kam-[m\ \mSI-am-Sp-

Ibpw sNøp∂ I]S Bflo-b-Xsb

Xpd∂p Im´phm\pw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp

hm-\pw.

v \q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS ss]Xr-I-ap-≈Xpw A·n-

tim-[-\-bn-eqsS ]q¿∆]nXm-°-∑m¿ ssI

am-dn-Ø-∂-Xp-amb ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIv

kv k`-bpsS ImtXm-en°m knwl-k-\-

tØmSpw AXn¬ hmW-cp-fp∂ ]uckvXy

ImtXm-en-°mbpw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-

Øm-bp-amb ]. ImtXm-en-°m-_m-h-tbm

l-ß-sf-sb√mw AXn-Po-hn-®v Hcp e£-Øn-

tesd ae-¶c k`m-a-°ƒ tIm -bØv AWn-

\n-c-∂p. Ah¿ \n›-b-Zm¿Vy-tØm-sSbpw

XnI™ A®-S-°-tØm-sSbpw HØp-Iq-Sn-

b-t∏mƒ k -bpsS iXp-°ƒ amX-a√ AI

Øpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ kwi-bm-ep°fpw Nqfn-

t∏mbn F∂-XmWp kXyw.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS Iq‰≥ _m\-

dn\p ]n∂n¬ AWn-\n-c∂ saXm-t∏m-eo-

\oXn \ntj-[-Øn-s\-Xnsc Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS i‡n-]-I-S-\hpw ZrV-]-Xn-⁄bpw

k`m -hm¿Ø-Iƒ

Spw ]. F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZm-kn-

t\m-Sp-ap≈ `‡nbpw Iqdpw Dd-∏n®p

]Jym-]n-°p-hm≥.

v `mc-Xob ]mc-º-cyhpw tIc-f-Ø-\n-abpw

ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw kzXz-Øn\pw

kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw th≠n-bpw sshtZ-in-

Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-scbpw t]mcm-Sp∂

ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS \ne-

]m-Sp-Iƒ s]mXp-P-\-ßsf Adn-bn-°p-

hm\pw kl-I-cWw tXSp-hm-\pw.

ta¬]-d™ e£y-ßƒ ap≥\n¿Øn

Hcp ]Xn-tj[ dmenbpw ktΩ-f-\hpw \S-

Øp-hm≥ k`m t\XrXzw Xocp-am-\n-®-t∏mƒ

AXns‚ hnPb km[y-X-sb-∏‰n ]e¿°pw

ktµ-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k`-bv°p-≈n¬

t]mepw CØcw kwi-bm-ep-°-fp-≠m-bn-

cp∂p F∂Xv tJZ-I-c-am-Wv. AhnsS Ia-

k-am-[\ ]iv\-ß-fp-≠m-Im≥ km[y-X-bp-

s≠∂ Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fn¬ A`bw ]m]n-

®-hcpw C√m-Xn-√. F∂m¬ CØcw ktµ-

Øm-amcpw k`m-ÿm-\n-Ifpw dmen°p

t\XrXzw \¬In. Ah¿°p ]n∂mse k`m

amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bw-K-ßƒ k`m ]Xm-I-

I-fp-ta¥n apt∂m´p \oßn. A£-c-amem

Ia-Øn¬ A¶-amen Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂p

≈ hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p BZyw. apØp-

°p-S-Iƒ, ]Xm-I-Iƒ, in¶m-cn-ta-fw, _m‚ v

F∂nh dmen°v sshhn-[yhpw sImgp∏pw

Iq´n. ae-¶c k`-bpsS a™-∏-XmI \K-c-

saßpw ]mdn-°-fn-®p. kvXoIfpw bphm-°fpw

Ip´n-Ifpw amX-a√ ssI°p-™p-ß-fp-ambn

]s¶-SpØ \nc-h[n AΩ-amcpw dmen-bpsS

]tXy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]≈n-Iƒ°p t\sc-bp≈ IS-∂m-I-

aWw A\p-h-Zn-°n-s√∂pw `mcX-k-`-bmb

ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS kzmX

¥yw ImØp-kq-£n-°p-sa∂pw hnizm-kn-Iƒ

apZm-hm-Iy-ß-fn-eqsS ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬In.

tImSXn hn[n \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xnepw k -bpsS

kzØp-°ƒ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xnepw hogvN

hcp-Øp∂ k¿°m-cn-s\bpw k`m ktΩ-f-

alm-k-tΩ-f\ dmen \bn-®p-sIm≠v tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°mbpw

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw k`m t\Xm-°fpw

32

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


\-Øn\p s\lvdp tÃUnbw hn´p-sIm-Sp-t°-

s≠∂p \ne-]m-sS-SpØ tIm´bw \K-c-k-

`-bvs°-Xn-scbpw P\-k-©bw i_vZ-ap-

b¿Øn.

dmen-bpsS BZy-\n-c-Iƒ _t -en-tbmkv

tImfPv ssaXm-\n-bn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ XpS-

ßnb ktΩ-f\w c≠p-a-Wn-°q¿ ]n∂n-Sp-

tºmgpw Ahkm\ \nc Ãm¿ńwKv t]mbn

‚mb \mK-ºSw ssaXm-\-Øp-\n∂v Nen®p

XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n-√.

^m. Fw.-]n. tPm¿Pns‚ ]m¿∞\m

Km\-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v "ipXn-' Km-b-I-kwLw

Be-]n® ImtXm-en°m awK-f-Km-\-tØm-Sp-

IqSnbmcw- n® tbmK-Øn¬ tijvT \nbp‡

inI oj-Wn-Ifpw ]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw as‰mcp

k`-bpw Hcp-]t£ t\cn-ń-´p-≠m-hn-√. k-`-

bpsS kzmX-¥yhpw Xt±-io-b-Xbpw ImØp-

kq-£n-°p-hm≥ Poh≥t]mepw \¬In-b-h-

cp-≠v. Iq\≥Ipcnip kXy-Øn-eqsS Ac°n-

´p-d-∏n® kzmX¥yw ASn-bdhbv°n-s√∂pw

k` F°m-ehpw kam-[m\w ]n¥p-S¿∂n-

´p-s≠∂pw _mhm Xncp-ta\n ]Jym-]n-®p. ].

_mhm-bpsS BapJ hN-\-ßƒ°p tijw

DXvLm-S\ ]kw-K-Øns‚ _m°n-`mKw

apwss_ Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-enØm A`n-.

Koh¿Kokv am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n hmbn-®p.

ae-¶c k`sb Nhp- n-sa-Xn-°m≥ bmt°m-

_mb hn`m-K-sØtbm k¿°m-cn-s\tbm

∂-h¿°p Nq´p-]n-Sn-®p-sIm≠p k¿°m-cn\p

apt∂m´p t]mIm-\m-In-s√∂v A`n-hµy

Xncp-ta\n ]d-™p.

[m¿anI t_m[-ap≈ k¿°m-cmWp htc

-≠-sX∂v I≠-\mSv CuÃv Zm-k\ saXm-

t∏m-eoØm A`n. tUm. tXmakv am¿ AØm

-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]d-™p. k`bv°p

t\sc BI-a-Wßƒ \S-°p-tºmƒ ssI-

sIń t\m°n-\n¬°m-\m-hn-s√∂pw sNdp-

°p-sa∂pw A`n-hµy Xncp-ta\n ]Jym-]n-®p.

k`m skI-´dn tUm. tPm¿Pv tPmk-

^ns‚ ]kwKw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Bfl-

tcmjw ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn. ]oU-\-

ßfpw thZ-\-Ifpw kln-°m-\m-hmsX h∂-

t∏m-gmWv ktΩ-f\w hnfn-t°≠n h∂-

sX∂v At±lw ]d-™p. dh-\yq, -t]m-eokv

A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS HØm-i-tbmsS thm´v

e£y-am-°n-bp≈ ]h¿Ø-\-amWv k¿°m-

cns‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂p \S-°p-∂-Xv. ]s£,

25 e£-tØmfw hnizm-kn-I-fp≈ ae-¶c

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb \n m-c-ambn FSp-

°m-sa∂p Icp-sX-cp-sX∂v tUm. tPm¿Pv

tPmk^v ]d-™p. cmjvSob kzm[o-\-ap-

]-tbm-Kn®v k`-bpsS Hcp ]≈nbpw ]nSn-

s®-Sp-°m-sa∂v Bcpw Icp-X-≠.

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-

sa∂v Nne¿ ojWn apg-°p-∂p. F∂m¬

Ah¿ Hcp Imcyw a\- n-em-°-Ww. AXn\p

apXn¿∂m¬ a™n-\n-°c ]≈n-bpsS apI-

fn¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS sImSn

\mń-bn-cn-°pw, k`m skI- dn ap∂-dn-bn∏p

\¬In.

sshZnI SÃn tIm\m-´-®-s\-Xnsc h[

òjWn t]mepw apg-°n-bn-cn-°-bmWv adp-

]-£w. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` CXm ]Jym-

]n-°p-∂p, A®m, A®≥ H‰-bv°-√, A®s‚

ImtXm-en°m ]utemkv am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n A[y-£-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ktΩ-f\w

DZvLm-S\w sNbvX ]. _t -en-tbmkv am¿

tØmΩm ZnZntamkv ]Y-a≥ _mhm ae-¶-

c-bpsS kzmX¥yw Hcp hntZii‡n-°pw

ASn-bdhbv°n-s√∂v ]Jym-]n-®p. ]uc-kvXy

ImtXm-en-t°‰v ]¶p-h-bv°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂ H∂-

√. ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS apI-fn¬

ssZhw Xºp-cm-\-√msX a‰m-cp-an-√. F∏n-

kvt°m-∏-knbpw Utam-I-knbpw ktΩ-fn-

°p∂ k`sb Xf¿Øm≥ Hcp i‡n°pw

Ign-bn-√. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` F∂pw tImS-

Xn-hn-[n-Isf AwKo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. Hcp tImSXn

Xo¿∏p-I-sfbpw [n°-cn-®n- n-√. F∂m¬, \nb-

ahy-h-ÿnXn \S-∏n-em-°m≥ _m[y-X-bp≈

`c-W-IqSw AXn\p Xøm-dm-Im-ØXp tJZ-

I-c-am-Wv. cmPy-Øns‚ sI´p-d-∏n\p Xs∂

òj-Wn-bmWv Cu \ne-]m-Sv. k`bv°v

A¿l-amb \oXn \S-∏n-em°n-°n- p-sa-∂mWv

]Xo-£-sb∂v ]. _mhm ]d-™p.

Pohn-X-Øn¬ Xm≥ I≠ G‰hpw henb

P\m-h-en-bm-Wn-sX∂pw ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUm

Ivkv k -bpsS G‰hpw henb IcpØv Cu

hnizmkn kaq-l-am-sW-∂p-ap≈ Bap-J-

tØm-sS-bmWv ]. _mhm alm-k-tΩ-f-\-

Øns‚ DXvLm-S\ ]kwKw Bcw-`n-®-Xv.

Cu k` t\Sn-cn-ń-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse sshtZ-

Øp-°fpw kwc-£n-°pw.

tImSXn ]d-bp-∂Xp \S-∏m-°m-\p≈

\s´√v k¿°m¿ ImWn-®m¬ Cu k¿°m-

cns‚ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ k`m-]-iv\-Øn¬

kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v sNß-∂q¿ `Zm-

k\ saXm-t∏m-eoØ A`n. tXmakv am¿

AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]d-™p.

k¿°m¿ Imcy-ßƒ a\ n-em°n hcp-∂p-

s≠-∂mWp ]Xo-£. IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-

t°≠n hcpw. tImS-Xn-hn-[n-Iƒ ewLn-°p-

A®-S-°Øns‚ DØ-a -amXr-I-bmbn

ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m ktΩ-f\w

amdn. Hcp e£-Øn-tesd P\-ßfpw Bbn-

c-°-W-°n\p hml-\-ßfpw tIm´bw \K-

cØnse ktΩ-f-\-Øn\p h∂p t]mbn´pw

]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX ASp-°nepw Nn -

bn-ep-amWv dmenbpw ktΩ-f-\hpw \S-∂-Xv.

Bbncw thmf‚n-b¿am-cpsS ]q¿W-\n-

b-¥-W-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p dmenbpw ktΩ-

f-\hpw \S-∂-Xv. hnizmk kwc-£-W-

dmen Bcw-`n® \mK-ºSw ssaXm-\-Øp-

\n∂v _t -en-tbmkv tImtfPphsc Ccp-

h-iØpw thmf‚n-b¿am¿ AWn-\n-c-∂p.

A®-S-°w sXfn-bn® ktΩ-f\w]q°-fm¬ Ae-¶-cn® ]tXyI hml-

\-Øn-emWv ]. _mhm Xncp-ta-\nsb

thZn-bn-te°v B\-bn-®-Xv. k`-bnse

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw sshZn-Icpw

tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°-bpsS

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ap≥\n-c-bn¬ dmen \bn®

ImgvN AXy-]q¿∆-am-bn-cp-∂p. apØp-°p-

S-Ifpw ]oX-h¿Æ-]-Xm-I-Ifpw dmen°v

sImgp-t∏-In. k¿t∆m-]-cn, AW-s]m-ń-

sbm-gp-In-bm-se-∂-t]m-se-bp≈ Bth-i-

Ø-≈¬ k`-tbm-Sp≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

Iqdpw ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw hnfw-_cw sNøp-

∂-Xm-bn.

A\p-h-Zn-°n-s√∂v tijvT

\nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°m

]d-™p. ae-¶c k -bpsS

DS-a-ÿX ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m≥

Hcp hntZi i‡n-sbbpw

A\p-h-Zn-°n-√. Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`bv°v Bcp-

sSbpw k¿ń- n-°‰v Bh-

iy-an-s√∂v tijvT- Im-

tXm-en°m ]d-™p. GXp

]Xn-k-‘n-sbbpw ]oU-

\-sØbpw AXn-Po-hn®v

k -bpsS ]≈n-Ifpw kz

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 33

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

am¿tØmΩm k` A`n-\-µn®pae-¶-c-k- -bpsS kzXzhpw kzmX-¥yhpw

DZvtLm-jn-®p-sIm≠v \hw-_¿ 16-˛\v

tIm -bØv \S-Ønb hnizm-k-]-Jym-]\

dmen-sbbpw alm-k-tΩ-f-\-sØbpw

am¿tØmΩm k` ]Io¿Øn-®p. henb

saXm-t∏m-eoØ A`n-hµy nen-t∏mkv

am¿ IntkmÃw Xncp-ta\n Hm¿Ø-tUm

Ivkv k`-bpsS ]nXm-°-∑m-cmb tijvT

\nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m ]utemkv am¿

anen-Øn-tbm-kv, sIm®n Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥

A`n-hµy kJ-dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-

tbmkv F∂n-hsc kµ¿in-®mWv ktlm-

Zco k`-bpsS A`n-\-µ-\-ßƒ Adn-bn-®-

Xv. tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°mbpw

a‰pw ]mem-cn-h´w sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv hen-b-]-≈n-bn-ep-s≠∂dn™v

Xn¶-fmgvN (17-˛11-˛2008) D®-I-gn™v Xnc-

°n v Hcp kµ¿i\w \S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p

am¿ IntkmÃw henbXncp-ta-\n. H∂-

c-e-£-tØmfw hnizm-kn-Iƒ, s]mXp-P-

\-ßƒt°m KXm-K-X-Ønt\m XS- -ap-

≠m-°m-sX, thmf‚n-b¿am¿t°m t]meo-

knt\m Xe-th-Z-\- krjvSn-°msX, A®-

S-°-tØm-Sp-IqSn dmen \S-Øp-Ibpw

kab ¢n]vXX ]men-®p-sIm≠v alm-k-

tΩ-f\w h≥hn-P-b-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-

Xn¬ k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-scbpw a‰v kwLm-

S-I-scbpw henb saXm-t∏m-eoØ A`n-

\-µn-®p.

Ac-a-Wn-°q-dn¬ IqSp-X¬ t\cw

henb Xncp-ta\n kzX-kn-≤-amb \¿Ω-

Øn¬ Nmen®v Ipi-e-]-iv\-ßƒ \S-Øn.

hnImcn ^m. sI.‰n. ^nen∏v kµ¿i\

Ub-dn-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ssIsbm∏p

hmßp-Ibpw ]mem-cn-h´w hen-b-]≈n

kµ¿in-®-Xn¬ Intkmkv‰w Xncp-ta-\n-

tbm-Sp≈ CS-h-I-bpsS \µn Adn-bn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

˛ Ãm^v dnt∏m¿´¿

]n∂n¬ et£m-]-e-£-ß-fmb ae-¶-c-a-

°ƒ A®\v Hcp t]md¬t]mepw G¬°msX

A®s\ ImØp-sIm-≈pw F∂v. AXp-sIm≠v

A®≥ [oc-X-tbmsS \bn-®m-epw. ktΩ-f-

\-\-K-cnsb ]I-º\w sIm≈n® l¿jm-c-

h-tØmSpw Iø-Sn-tbm-SpIqSnbp-amWv ktΩ-

f\w Cu ]Jym-]-\sØ kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

shdpw 15 Znhkw sIm≠v CX-h-enb

Hcp P\-X-Xnsb Cu ktΩ-f-\-Øn-s\-Øn-

°m≥ Ign-™p. F∂m¬, ae-¶-c-bnse apgp-

h≥ Bfp-I-fp-sSbpw hnfn®p tN¿Øp≈

Hcp ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v kml-N-cy-ap-≠m-°-cp-

sX∂v k`m skI- dn ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬In.

]. _mhm Xncp-ta-\nbpsS Hcp I¬]\ amXw

aXn AØcw Hcp ktΩ-f-\-Øn-\v, At±lw

Iq´n-t®¿Øp.

ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS ]mc-ºcyw Bcp-sSXpw

tIm∏n-b-Sn-®-X-s√∂v XpS¿∂p ]kw-Kn®

sshZn-I-SÃn ^m. tUm. tPm¨kv G_-

lmw tIm\m´v ]d-™p.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb DW¿Øn-bXv

F¬.-Un.-F-^v. k¿°m-cns‚ A\o-Xn-bm-

sW∂v Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn amt\-P¿

^m. aØmbn CS-b-\m¬ ]d-™p.

alm-k-tΩ-f-\-Øns‚ ad-°m-\m-hmØ

khn-ti-j-X-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-

°n\p hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw ssItIm¿-

Øp-]n-Sn®p sNm√nb ]Xn-⁄. k -bpsS

kzmX-¥y-Ønepw Xt±-io-b-X-bnepw A`n-

dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n sNm√n-s°m-Sp-Øp.

]Xn-\m-bn-c-ßƒ D®-Øn¬ G‰p-sNm-√nb

]Xn⁄ Bth-i-s°m-Sp-ap-Sn-bn-emWv Ah-

km-\n-®-Xv.

k -bpsS DS-a-ÿ-X-bnepw D]-tbm-K-Øn-

ep-ap≈ tZhm-e-b-ßfpw a‰p ÿm]-\-ßfpw

°epw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. ktΩ-f\w GI-kz-

c-Øn¬ ]ta-b-ßƒ ]m m-°n.

A¬amb SÃn Fw.Pn. tPm¿Pv apØq‰v,

]nbm tP°_v F∂n-hcpw ]kw-Kn-®p.

A`n. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cmb amXyqkv

am¿ F∏n-∏m-\n-tbm-kv, Ipcym-t°mkv am¿

¢oΩo-kv, kJ-dnb am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbm-kv,

tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ Iqdn-tem-kv, ]utem-

kv am¿ ]t°m-an-tbm-kv, tUm. K_n-tb¬

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-kv, tUm. bqlm-t\m≥

am¿ Intkm-Ã-tam-kv, tUm. kJ-dnb am¿

sXtbm- n-tem-kv, \nbp‡ saXm-∑m-cmb

^m. Ão^≥, m. tUm. tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿,

^m. tUm. amXyp t__n, tUm. InÃ-s^m-

dkv dºm≥, b¬tZm dºm≥, ^m. tUm.

a¿t°mkv tPmk-^v, ^m. AeIvkv Zm\n-

b¬, k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩ-‰n-bw-K-ßƒ

I£nt\-Xm-°-fmb tPmk^v Fw. ]pXp-

t»cn Fw. -F¬.-F, Sn. -Fkv. tPm¨,

s]m^. Un.-sI. tPm¨, tP°_v tXmakv

Acn-Ip-]p-dw, tXmakv IpXn-c-h-´w, k`m

t\Xm-°-fmb ]n.-kn. G_lmw ]Sn-™m-

td-°-c, F.-sI. tXma-kv, Fw.-‰n. t]mƒ,

t]mƒ aØm-bn, ^m. tUm. Hm. tXma-kv,

^m. tUm. km_p Ipcym-t°m-kv, tUm.

tP°_v Ipcy≥ HmWm´v XpS-ßn-b-h¿

thZn-bnepw kZ- n-ep-ambn k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-

cp-∂p.

˛k-‰m^v ]Xn-\n[n

AI-a-am¿§-Øn-eqsS ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sshZn-I-scbpw hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw

a¿±n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xnepw AXp sNbvX-

h¿s°-Xnsc \nb-a-\-S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°mØ

A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS \njvIn-b-X-bnepw ]Xn-

tj-[n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ ]tabw hµy tXmakv

t]mƒ dºm\pw `‡n-]-tabw ap≥ k`m

skI-´dn tUm. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ Imc-bv-

am-\n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw AXn-s\-Xn-cmbn \n¬-

°p∂ kztZ-io-bhpw hntZ-io-b-hp-amb

GXv ]Xn-tema i‡n-I-sfbpw XI¿sØ-

-dn-bp-sa∂pw ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-

\sØ IÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-t]mse

Poh≥ sIm-SpØpw ]cn-c-£n-°p-sa-

∂pap≈ ]Xn⁄m hmNIw ]. kp∂-l-

tZmkv skI- dn A`n. amXyqkv am¿ tkth-

34

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


\oXn \ntj-[-Øn\pw t]meokv ]oU-

\-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw

k`m amt\-PnMv IΩn-‰n-bw-K-ßfpw D]-hm-

kw \S-Øn. sIm®n-bn¬ tIcf sslt°m-

SXn PwKvj-\n¬ HIvtSm-_¿ 24- \v \S-Ønb

D]-hmk kacw A\o-Xn°pw AI-a-Øn-

\p-sa-Xnsc Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS ]Xn-

tj-[-Øns‚ \mµn-bm-bn.

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb NhnńsaXn®p

apt∂m´p t]mIm-sa∂p k¿°m¿ Icp-X-cp-

sX∂v tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m

]utemkv am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n

ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬In. X¿°-ap-≈Xpw Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`bv°v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xp-amb

]≈n-I-fn¬ ]mXn-b¿°nkv _mhm-bpsS

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]th-in-°m-\p≈ bmt°m-

_mb hn`mKw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cpsS

iaw ]Xn-tj-[m¿l-am-Wv. k`bv°v Ah-

Im-i-s∏´ tZhm-e-b-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw

kwc-£n-°p-sa∂v At±lw ]d-™p.

sNß-∂q¿ `Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-en-Ø

A`n. tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n D]-hmkw DXvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

thm´v _m¶v cmjvSo-b-Øns‚ kΩ¿±-Øn-

\-Sn-s∏ v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -tbmSv A\oXn

Im -cp-sX∂v At±lw k¿°m-cn-t\mSv Bh-

iy-s∏-´p. k`bv°p cmjvSo-b-an-√. hnizm-

kn-I-fpsS cmjvSo-bsØ tNmZyw sNøp-I-

bp-an-√. F∂m¬ k` ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

hnizm-kn-Iƒ AWn-tN-cpw. hnizm-kn-Isf

ISpØ \S-]-Sn°p t]cn-∏n-°-cp-Xv. FdWm-

Ipfw Pn√bv°pw A∏pdw \nb-a-k`m afi-

e-ßƒ Ds≠∂p k¿°m¿ a\-kn-em-°-Ww.

Ac-a-\-I-fn¬ Ibdn kvXpXn hN-\-ßƒ

]d™ tijw hnizm-kn-Isf sXcp-hn¬

X√-cp-Xv. H∂m-bn-°-gn-™n-cp∂ hnip≤

am¿tØm-am-bpsS a°sf ]e-X-ń-em-°n-

bXp hntZi ta¬t°m-bva-bm-sW∂pw

]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS kµ¿i-\-Øn

epw AXmWp kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX∂pw A`n.

Xncp-ta\n Nq≠n-°m-ń. \oXn-]q¿∆-I-amb

kam-[m\ N¿®-Iƒ°v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k` k∂-≤-am-sW∂pw At±lw ]d-™p.

\oXn-\n-tj-[-Ø-ns\-Xnsc ]Xn-tj-[n-

°p-hm≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°v Ah-

Im-i-ap-s≠∂v I≠-\mSv CuÃv saXm-t∏m-

enØ A`n. tUm. tXmakv am¿ AØ-\m-

kn-tbmkv ]kvXm-hn-®p. k¿°m¿ \nb-a-

ew-L\w \S-Øp-∂-h¿°v Iq´p-\n¬°p-I-

bmWv. CXv A\o-Xn-bm-Wv. k¿°m¿ F√m

hn`mKw P\-ß-sfbpw Hcp-t]mse ImWWw.

tImSXn hn[n-Isf am\n-°p-Ibpw \S-

Øn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-I-bp-amWv

k¿°m¿ sNtø-≠-sX∂v k`m skI-´dn

tUm. tPm¿Pv tPmk v ]d-™p. Sqdn-Ãmbn

hcp∂ hy‡n \ntcm-[-\-ap≈ tZhm-e-b-ß-

fn¬ Ibdn \nb-a-ew-L\w \S-Øp-∂Xv

A\p-h-Zn-°m-\m-hn-√. k`-bpsS kzmX-¥y-

sØ l\n-°p∂ Hcp ]hrØnbpw Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k` AwKo-I-cn-°n-√, k`m skI-

´dn Iqń-t®¿Øp.

]Øp-an-\n-´p-sIm≠v Hcmsf hnip-≤-

\mbn ]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw a‰pw sNøp∂

coXn shdpw ]l-k-\-a-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-

s√∂v XpS¿∂p ]kw-Kn® \nbp‡ saXm≥

hµy. b¬tZm dºm≥ ]cn-l-kn-®p. H∂pw

c≠pw Znh-k-ßƒ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ ipiq-

j-I-fmWv CØcw I¿a-ßƒ°v Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k` A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xv. At\I

h¿j-ßƒ \ofp∂ ]In-b-bv°p-ti-j-

amWv ItØm-en-°m-k` Hcmsf hnip-≤-

\mbn ]Jym-]n -°m-\p≈ Xocp -am\w

t]mepw FSp-°p-∂Xv. Ah-scms° shdpw

a≠-∑m¿. ]Øp-an-\n- p-sIm≠v Hcmsf hnip-

≤-\m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ sN∏Sn hnZy-bp-≈-

t∏mƒ F¥n-\mWv Cu \o≠ Iao-I-c-W-

ß-sfm-s°? AXpw ho¬ sNb-dn¬ Ccp-∂p-

sIm-≠v!

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn amt\-P¿ m.

aØmbn CS-b-\m¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚

kµ¿i-\-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ \S-°p∂ I®-h-

SsØ Xpd-∂p-Im- n. Hcp ]mXn-b¿°okv ]£

IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n® Xs‚ amXr CS-h-I-

bmb ]≈n-°c ]≈n-bn¬ ]mXn-b¿°okp

hcp-∂-Xn\v okmbn Bh-iy-s∏- Xv 10 e£w

cq]-bm-Wv. CS-h-°m¿ \∂mbn ian-®n´pw

c≠-c-e£w cq] sImSp-°m-\p≈ kmº-

Øn-I-ti-jntb D≠m-bp-≈q. AXp-sIm≠v

]mXn-b¿°okv B ]≈n-bn¬ h∂n-√, CS-

b-\m-e-®≥ Iqń-t®¿Øp.

A`n. saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-am-cmb ]utemkv

am¿ ]t°m-an-tbm-kv, Ipcym-t°mkv am¿

¢oΩnkv, bql-t\m≥ am¿ Intkm-Ã-tam-kv,

kJ-dnb am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv, \nbp ‡

saXm-∑m-cmb InÃ-s^m-dkv dºm≥, sb¬

tZm dºm≥, m. a¿t°mkv tPmk^v, m.

Ão^≥, m. tUm. amXyp t__n, m. tUm.

tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿, k`m sshZnI SÃn m.

tUm. tPm¨kv G_-lmw tIm\m- v, k`m

t\Xm-°-fmb tXmakv IpXn-c-h´w XpS-ßn-

b-h¿ ]kw-Kn-®p. amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bw-K-

ßƒ, sshZn-I¿, Aflmb t\Xm-°ƒ XpS-

ßn-b-h¿ Fd-Wm-Ipfw sk. tacokv IØo-

U-en¬ \n∂v au\-Pm-Y-bm-bn-´mWv D]-

hmk thZn-bn-se-Øn-t®¿∂-Xv.

˛Ãm^v ]Xn-\n[n

\oXn \ntj-[-Øn\pw t]meokv]oU-\-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc D]-hmkw

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb Nhn-ń-sa-Xn-°m-sa∂p Icp-X-cp-Xv: tijvT \nbp‡ _mhm

k`m- hm¿Ø-Iƒ

A`n. tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\n D]-hmkw DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p. tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°mbpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-amcpw thZn-bn¬.

sshZn-Icpw k`m-t\-Xm-°fpwD]-hm-k-Øn¬

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 35

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS DS-

a-ÿ-Xbnepw ssIh-i-Øn-ep-ap≈ Beph

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\m-cnbpw ]≈nbpw

Itø-dm-\p≈ iaw tImS-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ Ah-

tl-f-\hpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-tbm-Sp≈ sh√p-

hn-fn-bp-ambn Icp-X-Wsa∂v tijvT \nbp‡

ImtXm-en-°m, A`n. ]utemkv am¿ anen-

Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n ]d-™p. CXns\

sNdpØp tXm¬]n-°m-\p≈ [m¿an-I-amb

IcpØv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bv°p-s≠∂pw

\nbp‡ _mhm ]d-™p. Xr°p-∂Øp

skan\mcn AS°w Hcp tZhm-e-bhpw hn´p-

sIm-Sp-°n-s√∂pw a‰pw bmt°m-_mb ]£-

Øns‚ tXmakv ]Y-a≥ \S-Ønb ]kvXm-

h\tbmSp ]Xn-I-cn -°p-I-bm-bn -cp∂p

tijvT \nbp‡ _mhm.

kp]ow tImS-Xn-bpsS \n¿t±-i-]-Imcw

bmt°m-_mb hn`mKw IqSn AwKo-I-cn®v

PÃokv afn-aTv \nco-£-I-\mbn \S-Ønb

2002 am¿®nse ae-¶c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

_ln-jvI-cn®p ]pXnb skmssk‰n cq]o-

I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ ]pXnb k`

Bcw- n-°p-I-bp-amWv bmt°m-_mb hn`mKw

sNbvX-Xv. Cßs\ H¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

bv°v FXn-cm-bn-Øo¿∂ hnL-SnX hn`m-K-

Øn\v k`-bpsS ]≈n-I-fn¬ Ah-Im-i-an-

√. I≠-\m-Sv, A¶-am-en, Zm-k-\-ß-fnse

]≈n-I-fn¬ ]th-in-°-cp-sX∂v ]≈n-t°m-

S-Xn-bp-sSbpw sslt°m-S-Xn-bp-sSbpw imiz-

X-\n-tcm-[\w ewLn-°p∂ hy‡n, A¶-

amen `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ saXm-t∏m-eoØ

BsW∂pw Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn kz¥-

am-sW∂pw a‰pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv A]-

k-‡-am-Wv.

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn kw_-‘n®v

CXp-hsc sImSpØ F√m tIkp-I-fnepw

]cm-Pn-X-cmb hnL-Sn-X-hn-`mKw Xoh-hm-Z-

]-c-amb \ne-]m-sS-Sp-°p-∂Xv \nb-a-k-am-[m-

\-\ne XI-cm-dn-em-°m-\p≈ a\x-]q¿∆ ia-

am-bn-´mWp Icp-tX≠sX∂pw \nbp‡

_mhm ]d-™p.

Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn

adp-]£w \nb-a-hy-h-ÿsb sh√p-hn-fn-°p∂p: tijvT ImtXm-en°m

ae-¶c h¿Kokv h[-t°kv:B£≥ Iu¨kn¬ cq]o-I-cn-®pae-¶c h¿Kokv sIme-t°kv kn.-_n.-sF. At\z-jn-°-W-sa∂v

tIcf sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS DØ-c-hp-≠m-bn \mtf-sd-bm-bn´pw At\z-

j-W-Øn¬ Imcy-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v kn.-_n.-sF. At\z-

j-W-Øn\p Iobm-flI ]n¥p-Wbpw klm-bhpw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw

At\z-jWw FXbpw thKw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ k¿°m-cn¬ kΩ¿±w

sNep-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-

Øn¬ B£≥ Iu¨kn¬ cq]o-I-cn-®p. k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bw-

K-am-bn-cp∂ h¿Ko-kns‚ Bdmw Nca hm¿jnI Zn\-Øn¬ (Un-kw-

_¿ 5) tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m ]utemkv am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ s]cp-ºm-hq-cn¬ \S∂ A\p-kva-cW

tbmK-Øn-emWv B£≥ Iu¨kn¬ cq]o-I-cn-®-Xv.

h¿Ko-kns\ h[n-®Xp hmSI sIme-bm-fn-I-fm-sW-∂p t]meokv

Is≠-Øn-sb-¶nepw apgp-h≥ ]Xn-I-sfbpw \nb-a-Øn\p apºn¬

sIm≠p-h-cm≥ CXp-hsc Ign-™n-ń-s√∂p tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-

en°m ]d-™p. kn.-_n.-sF. At\z-jn®p kXyw ]pdØp sIm≠p-h-c-

Ww. cmjvSo-bhpw a‰p kzm[o-\-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn®p tIkv tX®p am®p

If-bm≥ iaw \S-°p-∂p-≠v, At±lw Iqń-t®¿Øp.

k`m- hm¿Ø-Iƒ

shń-°¬ Zbdm: Pq_nen kam-]-\hpw kzoI-cW ktΩ-f-\hpw

HºXmw \q‰m-≠n-te°v Imeq∂n \n¬°p∂ shń-°¬ sk.

tXmakv Zb-dm-bpsS Pq_nen ktΩ-f-\hpw ].-]-cp-ae Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS \ma-Øn-ep≈ Ahm¿Uv ka¿∏-Whpw \nbp-‡-sa-Xm-

∑m¿°v kzoI-c-Whpw 2008 HIvtSm-_¿ 30 \v Zb-dm-bn¬ \nd™

kZ- n¬ \S-∂p. tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m ]utem-kv am¿

anen-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n A≤y-£X hln® ktΩ-f\w ].

ImtXm-en°m _mhm tamdm≥ am¿ _t -en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm

ZnZn-tamkv ]Y-a≥ Xncp-a-\- p-sIm-≠v DXvLm-S\w sNbvXp. ]cp-

ae Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \ma-Øn-ep≈ Cu h¿jsØ Ahm¿Uv

]ikvX \nb-a-⁄\pw ap≥ kp]ow tImSXn PUvPn-bp-amb

PÃnkv hn.-B¿. IrjvW-ø¿°v ]. _mhm ]Zm\w sNbvXp.

Ign™ h¿jw Cu Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-\m-bXv am¿tØmΩm k -

bpsS henb saXm-t∏m-eoØ nen-t∏mkv am¿ IntkmÃw Xncp-

ta-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ahm¿Un-s\-°p-dn®v sNß-∂q¿ Zm-k\ saXm-

t∏m-eoØm A`n. tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv hni-Zo-I-cn-®p.

ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ h®v ëshń-°¬ Zbdm \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS'

F∂ ]pkvXIw Fw.Pn. bqWnthgvkn‰n ap≥ sshkv Nm≥k-e¿

tUm. Pm≥kn Pbnwkv ]Im-i\w sNbvXp. shń-°¬ Zbdm ap≥

amt\-P¿ hµy sb¬tZm dºm\pw (\n-bp‡ saXm≥) ]ikvX k`m

KŸ-Im-c≥ Ipcy≥ tXmakpw tN¿∂v cNn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv ]kvXpX

]pkvXIw. sb¬tZm dºm®≥ ]pkvXIw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn.

XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ Zb-dm-bpsS sh_vssk‰v DZvLm-S\w ]n.-kn.

tXmakv Fw.-]n. \n¿∆-ln-®p. www.vettikaldayara.org F∂mWv

sh_vssk-‰ns‚ t]cv. k`m KŸ-Im-c≥ tPmbvkv tXm´-bv°mSv

sh_vssk‰v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn.

ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ h®v Ggp \nbp‡ saXm-∑m¿°v kzoI-c-Whpw

\¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. \nbp‡ saXm≥ ^m. Ão^≥ (C-t∏mƒ

kvtX^m-t\mkv dºm≥) adp-]Sn ]kwKw \S-Øn.

sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ Fw.-]n., Fw.-sI. km\p F∂n-h¿ Biwkm

]kw-K-ßƒ \S-Øn. PÃnkv IrjvW-ø¿ adp-]Sn ]kwKw sNbvXp.

t]mKmw sNb¿am≥am-cmb ^m. kÆn h¿§okv kzmKXhpw ^m.

G_lmw tP°_v \µn-]-Im-i-\hpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn.

shń-°¬ Zbdm

36

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


]cp-ae ]≈n-bn¬ \hw_¿ 4˛\v \S∂

`‡n-\n¿`-c-amb ipiq-j-bn¬ \nbp‡

saXm-∑m-cmb 5 sshZnI¿°v dºm≥

ÿm\w \¬In. ]. _tk-en -tbmkv

am¿tØm-Ωm ZnZn-tamkv ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-

en°m _mhmbpw tijvT-\n-bp‡ ImtXm-

en°m ]utemkv am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-

\nbp‡ saXm-∑m¿°v dºm≥ÿm\w \¬In

ta-\nbpw apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-cm-bn-cp-∂p. \mep

aWn-°q¿ \o≠ Ip¿_m\ at[ybmWv

ÿm\m-`n-tjI NS-ßp-Iƒ \S-∂-Xv.

\nbp‡ saXm-\mb ^m. Ão^s\

tkvX^m-t\mkv dºm≥ F∂pw ^m.

a¿t°mkv tPmk-^ns\ tPmk^v dºm≥

F∂pw ^m. amXyp t__nsb aØmbn

dºm≥ F∂pw m. AeIvkv Zm\n-b-ens\

Ae-Ivk-¥-tbmkv dºm≥ F∂pw ^m.

tPm¨ ]Wn-°sc bqlm-t\m≥ dºm≥

F∂pw t]cp-I-fn-emWv A`n-jn-‡-cm-°n-b-

Xv. euIn-I-X-Iƒ shSn™v k -tbmSpw P\-

tØmSpw hnt[-bXzw ]m]n-°p-∂-Xns‚

kqN-I-ambn \nbp‡ saXm-∑m-cpsS apSn

apdn-®p. XpS¿∂v Xe-bn¬ ak-\]vk [cn-

∏n-®p. ]. ImtXm-en°m _mhm Ah¿°v

XSn-°p-cn-ip-Iƒ \¬In. XymK-Øn-s‚bpw

kl-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]Xo-I-am-bmWv Ipcn-ip-

\¬In-b-Xv.

\nbp‡ saXm∑m¿ XpS¿∂v ]. ]cp-

ae Xncp-ta-\n -bpsS I_-dn -¶¬ [q]-

]m¿∞\ \S-Øn. hnizm -kn -Iƒ°v

Bio¿∆mZw \¬In.

k`-bnse saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw

sshZnIcpw ipiq-j-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.

[mcmfw hnizm-kn-Iƒ NS-ßn¬ k∂n-ln-

X-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

saXm≥ ÿm\m-tcm-lWw s^_phcn

19˛\v ]pXp-∏-≈n ]≈n-bn¬ \S-°pw.

k`m- hm¿Ø-Iƒ

\hm-`n-jn-‡-cmb dºm≥am¿ ]. ImtXm-en°m _mhm-tbm-sSm∏w

tIcf sslt°m-SXn BIvSnMv No^v

PÃnkv _©-an≥ tIminsb ]m‰ v\m

sslt°m-SXn No^v PÃokmbn \nb-an-®p.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw sk. tacokv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

IØo-U¬ CS-h-Imw-K-am-Wv.

Bdm-´p-]pg Xmg-tØ-SØv Ipf-™n-s°m-

ºn¬ sI.H. tImin-bp-sSbpw kmdm-Ω-bp-sSbpw

aI-\mb PÃnkv _©-an≥ tImin 1996 P\p-h-cn-bn-emWv tIcfm

sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ PUvPn-bmbXv. `mcy: ao\m tImin, a°ƒ:

cq]m, civan.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw Nn‰q¿ tdmUv cmP-Xn-e-In¬

sI.kp-tc-µ -tam-l≥ (51) tIcf sslt°m-

SXn PUvPn-bmbn \nb-an-X-\m-bn. ]ndhw aW-

°p∂w Ipf-ti-cn¬ ]tc-X-\mb AUz. sI.hn.

Ipcym-t°m-kns‚ aI-\m-Wv. 1980 apX¬

]mIvSokv Bcw- n-®p. tIc-f-Ønse bqWn-th-

_©-an≥ tImin]m‰v\m sslt°m-SXn No^v PÃnkv

hm¿Øbpw hy‡nbpw

sI. kptc-µtaml≥tIcf sslt°m-SXn PUvPn

2008 \hw-_-dn¬ apwss_ \K-c-Øn¬

\S∂ `oI-cm-I-a-WØn\nc-bm-b-h-cpsS Iq´-

Øn¬ k`mw-K-amb h¿Kokv tXmakpw (jmPn

/42) Dƒs∏- n-cp-∂p. tlm´¬ XmPva-l¬ ]me-

knse ^pUv B≥Uv _hvtd-Pkv kq∏¿

sshk-dmb h¿Kokv tXmakv 25 h¿j-ambn

XmPnse Poh-\-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

]Ø-\w-Xn´ Pn√-bn¬ aÆm-dc°p-f™n hmg-°p-∂-Øv ]tc-

X-\mb hn.hn. tXma-kns‚bpw tKkn-bp-sSbpw aI-\m-Wv. ]nXm-

hns‚ ac-W-tijw IpSpw_w Beph bp.kn. tImfPv IWn-bm-

wIp∂p "Ir]' bnem-bn-cp-∂p ÿnc-Xm-a-kw. `mcy: Fgp-a-‰q¿

sIm‰≥IpSn-bn¬ kp\p. a°ƒ shkven, ssd\¬.

kwkvImcw apwss_ ZmZ¿ sk. tacokv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ \S-∂p.

`oI-cm-I-a-W-Øn-\n-c-bmbnk`mw-Khpw

gvkn-‰n-I-fn¬ F¬.-F¬.-Fw.-˛\v Db¿∂ am¿°p t\Sp-∂-h¿°p

_m¿ Iu¨kn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb kz¿W-sa-U-en\v A¿l-\m-

bn. knhn¬, Inan-\¬ tIkp-I-fn¬ 28 h¿jsØ A`n-`m-jI

]cn-N-b-ap-≠v.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw sk. tacokv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv IØo-U¬

]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-am-Wv.

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 37

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

A`n-hµy ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mƒ]gb skan-\mcn ÿm]-I≥ k`m

tPymXnkv ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿

Zoh∂mtkymkv c≠m-a≥ Xncp-ta-\nbpsS

192-˛mw Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mfpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

skan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏mfpw Z¬ln `Zm-k\

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw AJne temI k`m

Iu¨kn¬ ]kn-U‚p-am-bn-cp∂ tUm.

]usemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS 12-˛mw Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mfpw kwbp-‡-

ambn tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn Nm∏-en¬

2008 \hw-_¿ 18 apX¬ 24 hsc sIm≠m-

Sn. \hw-_¿ 12 \v tUm. ]usem-kv am¿

KntKm-dn-tbmkv satΩm-dn-b¬ ]`m-jWw

s]m^. tUm. Umscmƒ _nbm‚ v ]gb

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. \hw-

_¿ 16 \v hn. Ip¿∫m-\m-\-¥cw \nbp‡

saXm≥ ^m. tUm.Fw. tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿

s]cp-∂mƒ sImSn-tb‰v \n¿∆-ln-®p. \hw-

_¿ 23 \v ^m. kPn Aa-bn¬ A\p-kva-

cW ]`m-jWw \S-Øn. \hw-_¿ 24 \v ].

ImtXmen-°m -_m-h-mbpsS apJy Im¿Ωn-

I-Xz-Øn¬ hn. aq∂n-t∑¬ Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-

®p. XpS¿∂v, ]pkvXI ]Im-i-\w, ]Z-£n-

Ww, hmgvhv, t\¿® hnfºv F∂nh \S-∂p.

]pen-t°m- n¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv II (1740˛1816)ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØ, ]gb skan-\mcn ÿm]-I≥

Ip∂w-Ipfw ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xd-hm- n¬

P\n-®p-. C´q∏v F∂v t]cn-´p. sshZnI ]T-

\-Im-eØv Ip¿∫m\Iahpw k¶o¿Ø\

]pkvX-Ihpw kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ \n∂v ]cn-`m-

j-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ip∂w-Ipfw Nnd-fbw ]≈n-

bn¬ Hcp a¬]m≥ ]mT-ime Iao-I-cn®v

sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]Tn -∏n -®p.

Aßs\ C´q∏v a¬]m≥ Bbn.

1798˛¬ Sn∏p kp¬Øms‚ AXn-I-a-

ßƒ ImcWw NnX-dn-tbm-Snb kpdn-bm\n

InkvXym-\n-Isf ss[cy-s∏-SpØn Ip∂w-

Ip-fØpw ]g-™n-bnepw blqZ amXr-I-

bn¬ \K-chpw Aßm-Snbpw kwhn-[m\w

sNbvXv AhnsS ]m¿∏n-°p-Ibpw c≠n-

SØpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ ]≈n-Iƒ ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Sn∏p kp¬Øm≥ A·n-

°n-c-bm-°nb B¿Øm-‰p-]≈n hos≠-SpØv

]p\¿ \n¿Ωn-®p. \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS

ae-bmf ]cn-`m-j-bn¬ Imbw-Ipfw ^nen-

t∏mkv dºms\ klm-bn-®p. ]m¿∞-\bpw

D]-hm-khpw Aev]m-lm-chpw PohnX Ia-

am-°n. a¬]m≥ h-\-ß-fn¬ HXpßn \n∂n-

cp∂ sshZnI skan-\mcn hnZym- ym-ksØ

km¿∆-XnI taJ-e-bn-te°p ]nSn -®p -

b¿Øn. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-ksØ

XInSw adn-°p∂ hntZi ssIkvXh

ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf \J-in-Jm¥w FXn¿Øp.

tUm. ]usemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØFd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn¬

XSn-°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n-®p. 1959 P\p-h-cn-

bn¬ siΩm-i\pw 1962 \h.2˛\v Iio-»-bp-am-

bn. 1975 s^_p 16˛\v \nc-WØp h®v saXm-

\mbn hmgn-°-s∏- p. U¬ln Zm-k\Øns‚ Npa-

Xe \¬In.

_meyØnse Ia -amb k`m -Po -hnXw

hy‡nXz cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\v klm-b-I-c-am-bn. ae-

¶c k`bnse Hcp km[m-cW hnizm-kn, sshZn-

I≥, saXm-t∏m-eoØ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ hy‡n-

apZ ]Xn-∏n®p. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂v _n.-F., Fw.-

Un, Fkv.-‰n.-Fw. _ncp-Z-ßƒ, HmIvkvt^m¿Uv,

P¿Ω-\n-bnse KnKdn Hm^v \n m C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

F∂n-h-bn¬ Kth-j-Ww, skdm-ºq-cn¬ \n∂v

tUmIvS-td-‰v, djy, lwK-dn, sNt°m-t…m-hmIy

F∂n-h-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂v HmW-ddn tUmIvS-td-‰v XpS-

ßn-bh Ic-ÿ-am-°n. FtXym-]y≥ NI-h¿Øn

slbven sk-em-kn-bpsS skI- dn, AJne temI

k`m Iu¨kn-ens‚ ]kn-U‚ v, Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bpsS B[p-\nI

]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿Zoh-∂m-tkymkv II

kzmX¥y t]an -bmb a¬]m≥

"B¿Øm‰v ]Sn-tbme' F∂ k`m kzmX-

¥y-Øns‚ am·m-°m¿´ sNºp-X-In-Sn¬

hs´-gp-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn®v 1806 ˛¬ Bdmw

am¿tØm-Ωmbv°pw i‡≥ Xºp-cm\pw

\¬In.

tIm´-bØv \mep-sI-ńs‚ amXr-I-bn¬

sshZnI skan-\mcn \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw

1815˛¬ 25 hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]th-in-∏n®v

]h¿Ø\w Bcw- n-°p-Ibpw C´q∏v dºm≥

AXn-s‚ ÿm]I ]n≥kn-∏mƒ Bhp-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

1815 am¿®v 21˛\v sXmgn-bq-cns‚ InS-ß≥

Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kn¬ \n∂v

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv F∂ ÿm\-t∏-cn¬

saXm-t∏m-eoØ Bbn. XpS¿∂v ae-¶c

saXm-t∏m-eoØ F∂ ÿm\hpw cmP-

Iob hnfw-_cw hgn Ic-ÿ-am-°n. ]gb

skan-\m-cnsb ae¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-

bpsS HutZym-KnI Bÿm-\hpw k -bpsS

skI-´-dn-tb‰pw B°nØo¿Øp. k¿°m-

cn¬ Ct±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ kzm[o\w

hgn Rmb-dmgvN s]mXp Hgnhp Znh-k-ambn

]Jym-]n-°-s∏- p. k¿°m¿ Hmô-kp-I-fn¬

BZy-ambn InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v \nb-a\w

e`n-®Xpw 1816˛¬ F√m knhn¬ tImS-Xn-

I-fnepw Hmtcm InkvXy≥ PUvPnsb \nb-

an-°p-hm≥ `cW ]cn-jv°m-c-ta¿s∏-Sp-Øn-

bXpw ]pen-t°m- n¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS

]cn-i-a-^-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂

52 ]≈n-I-tfmSpw tN¿Øv Hmtcm kvIqƒ

("]≈n-°qSw') Bcw-`n-°p-hm\pw k¿°m-

cn¬ \n∂v DØ-c-hp-t\Sn.

1816 \hw-_¿ 24 \v Imew sNbvXp.

tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn Nm∏-en¬ I_-

d-S-°n.

k`m- hm¿Ø-Iƒ

tUm. ]usemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv

38

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


inev]n-bpw ]n≥kn-∏mfpw, \mj-W¬

Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v N¿®kv sNb¿am≥,

k`m kp∂-l-tZmkv skI- dn F∂n-ßs\

hnhn[ ]Z-hn-I-fn¬ ]tim-`n-®p.

P¿Ω≥, ^©v, Cw•ojv, Awlm-cn°v,

ae-bmfw F∂o mj-I-fn¬ At\Iw KŸ-

ßƒ cNn-®p. Zm¿i-\n-I≥, Nn¥-I≥, ssZh-

im-kvX-]-fin-X≥, FIyp-sa-\nÃv, _lp-

`mjm ]fin-X≥ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ temI

]i-kvX≥. tkmhn-b‰v em≥Uv s\lvdp

Ahm¿Uv Dƒ∏sS Ccp-]-tXmfw cmPym-¥c

_lp-a-Xn-Iƒ e`n-®p. tIm -bsØ tkm^n

bm sk‚¿, Znhyt_m[\w ]T\]≤-Xn,

ipXn kvIqƒ Hm^v en‰¿Pn-°¬ ayqkn-Iv,

tIm´bw sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]pXnb

sI´n-S-ßƒ, Xe-t°mSv _me-`-h-\w, sF.-

‰n.-kn. F∂n-hbpw U¬ln Zm-k\ tIµ-

hpw At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv.

A¥m-cmjvS Xe-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-

®n- p≈ \nch[n hn⁄m\ tImi-ß-fnepw

who is who- Ifnepw At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-

N-cnXw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

1996 \hw-_¿ 24˛\v U¬ln-bn¬ Imew

sNbvXp. tIm´bw sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bn¬

I_-d-S-°n.

A¿ao-\n-b≥ ]mXo-b¿°o-kv _mhm ae-¶-c-bn¬

A¿ao -\n -b≥ k`-bpsS Xe-

h\mb kp]ow ImtXm-en°m ]. Itc-

°n≥ c≠m-a≥ ]mXo-b¿°o-kns‚

C¥ym kµ¿i\w Ip¿∫m\ kwk¿§-

ap≈ A¿ao-\n-b≥ k`bpw ae-¶c

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bpw XΩn-ep≈

D‰ _‘-Øn\v Icp-tØ-Ip-∂-Xm-bn.

sIm¬°-Ø-bn-tebpw sNs∂-bn-

tebpw A¿ao-\n-b≥ kaq-l-Øns‚

300- mw hm¿jn-Im-tLm-j-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-

Sp-°m≥ C¥y-bn-se-Ønb ]. Itc-

°n≥ c≠m-a≥ _mhm 2008 \hw. 5

apX¬ 8 hsc ae-¶c kµ¿in-®p.

\hw-_¿ 5 \v s\Sp-ºm-t»cn hnam-

\-Øm-h-f-Øn-se-Ønb A¿ao-\n-b≥

]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ tijvT \nbp‡

ImtXm-en°m ]utem-kv am¿ anen-Øn-

tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

kzoI-cn-®p. tIm´-bØv k`m Bÿm-

\-sØ-Ønb A¿ao-\n-b≥ _mhm ].

_t -en -tbmkv am¿tØmΩm

ZnZntamkv ]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m

_mh-bp-ambn IqSn-°mgvN \S-Øn.

]nt‰-Zn-hkw Itc-°n≥ _mhmbv°v

tIm´bw amΩ≥ am∏nf lmfn¬ Hcp

]uckzoI-c -Ww \¬In. ae-¶c

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS ]c-tam-

∂X _lp-a-Xn-bmb "Zn Hm¿U¿ Hm v

sk‚ v tXmakv' XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ ].

ImtXm-en°m _mhm At±-l-Øn\p

kΩm-\n-®p. C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`-bp-ambn IqSp-X¬ kl-I-cn®v

]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂pw Ccp-k-`-Ifpw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘hpw kulm¿±hpw

h¿≤n-∏n-°p-sa∂pw A¿ao-\n-b≥ k`m

Xe-h≥ ]d-™p.

\hw-_¿ 2 \v cmhnse ]cp-ae

]≈n-bn¬ A¿ao-\n-b≥ _mhm hn.

Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n-®p. XpS¿∂v ]cp-ae

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bnse AwK-ß-

fm-Wv. IqSmsX CXc ap≥ tkmhn-b‰v

dn∏-ªn-°p-I-fnepw temI-Øns‚

hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-ep-ambn 10 e£-

tØmfw A¿ao-\n-b≥ k`mw-K-ß-fp-

≠v . Cu 50 e£w A¿ao -\n -b -

°mcpsSbpw k`m ]nXm-hmWv kp]ow

ImtXm-en°m Itc-°n≥ c≠m-a≥

]mXn-b¿°o-kv. A¿ao-\n-b-bnse

F®v -an -bm-Uvkn-\n -emWv kp]ow

ImtXm-en-°-mbpsS Bÿm-\w.

kp]ow ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS Iogn¬

bcq-i-te-anepw CkvXmw-_q-fnepw

Hmtcm ]mXo-b¿°okv D≠v. e_-\-

\nse B‚n-en-bmkv Bÿm-\-am°n

skeo-jym-bnse A¿ao-\n-b≥ ImtXm-

en°m Fs∂mcp kzX-¥-ÿm\n IqSn-

bp-≠v.

]e-Im-e-ß-fn-embn ae-¶-c-bn¬

h∂ hntZi k`m-≤y-£-∑mcn¬ Nne¿

A¿ao-\n-b≥ k`mw-K-ß-fmbncp∂p.

tIc-f-hp-ambn \S-∂n-cp∂ hntZi

hym]mcØn¬ kPoh ]¶m-fnØw

hln® A¿ao-\n-b≥ hym]m-cn-Iƒ aqe-

amWv CXv km[y-am-b-Xv.

A¿ao-\n-b-bnse hkv°≥ ImtXm-

en°m 1963 ¬ ae-¶c k` kµ¿in-®n-

cp-∂p.

A¿ao-\n-b-°m¿ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬

]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

sh≈w Ie¿-ØmsX ho™p-]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p. tbip InkvXp-hns‚ P\-\-

hpw amtΩm-Zo-kbpw H∂n®v P\p-hcn

6\v BtLm-jn-°p-∂p.

C¥y-bn¬ sIm¬°-Ø-bn¬ Hcp

i‡-amb A¿ao-\n-b≥ kaq-l-ap-≠v.

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv saUn-°¬ anj≥ Bip-]-Xn-

bnse Im≥k¿ sIb¿ sk‚-dns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w

\n¿∆-ln-®p. \hw-_¿ 8 \v tIm´bw ]gb skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ ipXn kv°qƒ Hm v ayqkn-°ns‚ dnt°m¿UnwKv

ÃpUntbm DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. At∂-Zn-hkw tIme-

t©cn saUn-°¬ anj≥ Bip-]-Xnbpw ]. Itc-°n≥

_mhm kµ¿in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

temIsØ ]pcm-X\ k`-I-fn¬ H∂mWv A¿ao-

\n-b≥ k`. hn. X±m-bn, hn. _¿Ø-tem-antbm F∂o

As∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ A¿ao-\n-bbn¬ kphn-tijw Adn-

bn-®p-sh∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. F.-Un. 301 ¬ A¿ao-

\nb temI Ncn-X-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ BZysØ

ssIkvXh cmPy-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

tkmhn-b‰v dn∏-ªn°v Bbn-cp∂ A¿ao-\nb 1991

¬ kzX-¥-cm-Py-am-bn. P\-kwJy GI-tZiw 40 e£w.

_lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw A¿ao-\n-b¬ As∏mkvX-enIv

kp]nw ImtXm-en-t°mkv ]. Itc-°n≥ c≠m-a≥

]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm

k`m- hm¿Ø-Iƒ

a

a

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 39

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

kJ-dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv ImcpWy \nebw

sIm®n kl-I-cW saUn-

°¬ tImtf -Pn\v kao]w

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS

sIm®n `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ B`n-

ap-Jy-Øn-ep≈ kJ-dnbm am¿

At¥m-Wn-tbmkv ImcpWy

\nebw 2008 \hw-_¿ 17˛\v

tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°

]utemkv am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

CtXm-S-\p-_-‘n®p \S∂ s]m

XpktΩ-f\w sIm®n `Zm-k\

saXm-t∏m-eoØ A`n. kJ-

dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

tcmKn -Iƒ°p≈ kuP\y

acp∂p hnX-c-W-Øns‚ DZvLm-

S\w tUm. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ

Fw.-]n. \n¿∆-ln-®p.

Imcp-Wy-\n-ebw h¿°nwKv

]kn -U‚ v ^m. sska¨

tPmk v kzmKX ]kwKw \S-

Øn. _m_p kn. tPm¿Pv (t]m-

PIvSv I¨ho-\¿ / k`m amt\-

PnwKv IΩn-‰n-bw-Kw) ImcpWy

\nebw t]mPIvSv Ah-X-cn-∏n-

®p. Fw.-F¬.-F. amcmb F.-Fw.

bqk-^v, sI. _m_p F∂n-

hcpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, tIm˛-

Hm-∏-td-‰ohv saUn-°¬ tImtf-

P-[n-IrX¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Biw-

k-I-f¿∏n-®p. ImcpWy \nebw

ap≥ h¿°nwKv ]kn-U‚ v m.

sI.-Sn. ^nen∏v IrX-⁄X

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn.

A`n. kJ-dn-bm -am¿ At¥m-

Wn-tbmkv Xncp -ta-\n -bpsS

jjvTn-]q¿Øn-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v

At±-l-Øn\p sIm®n `Zm-k-

\-Øns‚ Hcp D]-lmcw F∂

\ne-bn-emWv Imcp-Wy-\n-ebw

hn`m-h\w sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. c≠p-

tImSn cq] samØw sNehp

]Xo-£n-°p∂ Cu ]≤Xn If-

a-t»-cn-bn-ep≈ sIm®n tIm -Hm-

∏-td-‰ohv saUn-°¬ tImtf-

Pn\p kao-]-Øm-bn-´mWv \n¿

Ωn-°p-∂Xv. CXns‚ Xm¬°m-

enI ]h¿Ø-\-amWv saUn-

°¬ tImtf-Pn-\-Sp-Øp≈ sI´n-

S-Øn¬ \hw-_¿ 17˛\v Bcw-`n-

®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

saUn-°¬ tImtf-Pnepw

sIm®n ]tZ-i-Øp≈ CXc

Xm¬°m-enI AwK-Xz-Øn\v

1000 cq]bpw APoh-\m¥ Aw

K-Xz-Øn\v 10,000 cq]bpw ÿm

]-\ßƒ°v 5000 cq]bpamWv

AwK-Xz-\n-c°v. kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

]W-amtbm sN°p-h-gn -tbm

\¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (Chequemay be drawn in favour ofëZacharia Mar AnthoniosKarunya Nilayamí to flexi A/c.No.205 - 237, Union Bank of In-dia, Panampilly Nagar Branch,Cochin - 682 036.)

hnemkw: H.G. Zacharia MarAnthonios, Sion Seminary,Koratty East P.O, Chalakkudy,

Bip -] - Xn -I -f nepw

NnIn -’-°mbn F

Øp∂ tcmKn-Iƒ°pw

klm-bn-Iƒ°pw Xma-

k-ku-Icyw, `£-Ww,

acp -∂p -Iƒ F∂nh

kuP-\y-ambn \¬IpI

F∂-XmWv ImcpWy

\ne-b-Øns‚ ][m\

e£yw. Imcp Wy\ne-

b-Øns‚ \S-Øn-∏n -

\mbn AwKXzw hgnbpw

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ hgnbpw

kmº-ØnI klmbw

\¬Imhp -∂ -Xm -W v .

Thrichur Dist. Pin- 680 308,

(t^m¨: 0480˛2732023, 2734818)

At\z -j-W-ßƒ°v h¿

°nwKv ]kn-U‚ v m. sska¨

tPmk-^p-ambn _‘-s∏-Sm-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. (Mob : 9447010386)

ImcpWy \ne-b-Øns‚

c£m-[n-Imcn ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k -bpsS

]c-am -≤y-£≥ ]. ImtXm-

en°m _mhm- Xn-cp-ta-\nbpw

]kn-U‚ v sIm®n `Zm-k\

saXm-s∏m-eo-Ø-bp-am-Wv.

˛Ãm^v ]Xn-\n[n

tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m ]utemkv am¿ anen-Øn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta\n ImcpWy \nebw DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p. hµy Fw.hn.

tPm¨ tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-∏m, A`n. kJdnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-

tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ, m. kJ-dnbm, hµy amXyqkv ]pfn-aq-

´n¬ tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm∏m F∂n-h¿ kao-]w.

^m. sska¨ tPmk^v kzmKX ]kwKw \S-Øp-∂p. A`n.

kJ-dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ, sI. _m_p

Fw.F¬.-F., tUm. sk_m-Ãy≥ t]mƒ Fw.]n., F.Fw.

bqk^v Fw.F¬.-F. _m_p kn. tPm¿Pv F∂n-h¿ thZn-bn¬.

]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n® ImcpWy \nebw Xm¬°m-enI tIµw

`Zm-k-\ -hm¿Ø-Iƒ

40

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


"Cu Ffn-b-h-cn¬ Hcph\v sNbvXXv

F√mw F\n-°m-Ip∂p sNbvX-Xv.' F∂-cp-

fn-s®bvX tbip-X-ºp-cms‚ ]t_m-[\w

kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

k`-bpsS sIm®n `Zm-k\w Poh-Im-cpWy

taJ-e-I-fn¬ A`n-\-µ-\o-b-amb ]cn-i-a-

ßƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ap≥]v Bcw-

`n® ]≤-Xn-Iƒ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw

]pXn-bh Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Nne Im¬sh-

∏p-Iƒ CubnsS \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. efn-

X-Po-hnXw sIm≠v amXr-I-bmb A`n-hµy

kJ-dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-

\n-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ°v sshZn-Icpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw

\n¿tem-`-amb klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ßƒ

\¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

1. hn. l∂m hr≤aµncw

Aco-]mew a¿Ø-a-dnbw h\n-Xm-k-am-P-

Øns‚ Npa-X-e-bn¬ ]mb-amb kvXoI-

fpsS kwc-£-Wm¿∞w \S-Øp∂ Cu

Imcp-Wy-Pm-eIw

Poh-Im-cp-Wy-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb Im¬sh-∏p-Iƒ

tIµ-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ 12- ¬ ]cw kvXoIƒ

D≠v. knÃ¿ ssit\m-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬

\S-Øp∂ hn. l∂m hr≤-a-µncw ]mh-s∏´

kvXoIƒ°v kt¥m-j-I-c-ambn hm¿≤Iyw

Nne-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p-∂p.

2. sia-hq≥ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkvNmcn-‰-_nƒ SÃv

]T-\-Øn¬ ka¿∞cpw F∂m¬ kmº-

Øn-I-ambn _p≤n-ap- -\p- -hn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v okv, ]T-\kma-Kn-Iƒ,

NnIn’ XpS-ßn-b-hbv°v klmbw \¬Ip-

∂p. sIm®n Zm-k-\-Øns‚ 125- mw hm¿jn-

I-Øn¬ Zm-k-\-Øns‚ ]Ya saXm-t∏m-

eo-Øm-bpsS kvac-W-°mbn Bcw- n® ]≤-

Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. `Zm-k-\-Øns‚ sX°pw

hS°pw Bbn Ct∏mƒ 100 hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ°v klmbw \¬Ip-∂p. D]-cn-]-T-\-

Øn\pw klm-b-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. ]^.

G_lmw tImin (]S-ap-Iƒ sk. tPm¨

Z _m]v‰nÃv ]≈n) CXns‚ Npa-X-e-Iƒ

\n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.

3. ImcpWy ssKU≥kv sk‚¿

\n¿≤-\-cmb tcmKn-Iƒ°v NnIn-’-

°mbn kmº-Øn-I-k-lmbw \¬IpI

F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS ]h¿Øn-°p∂ ]≤-

Xn-bm-Wn-Xv.

hS-°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ sNºq°mhv

sk‚ v tXmakv ]≈n hnImcn sI.-hn.

tPmk^v A®\pw sX°≥ taJ-e-bn¬

sska¨ tPmk^v A®\pw ta¬t\m´w

hln-°p-∂p.

4. ImcpWy saUn-°¬ dnen^vsk‚¿, Xriq¿

Xriq¿ apfwIp-∂ØpImhv saUn-°¬

tImtf-Pn-\-Sp-Øv, \n¿≤-\-cmb tcmKn-

Iƒ°v kuP-\y-ambn acp∂v hnX-cWw \S-

Øp∂ ]≤-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. X¬°mew hmSI

sIń-S-Øn¬ BsW-¶nepw Fgc sk‚ v

ÿew Hcp sk‚¿ ]Wn-bp-hm-\mbn hmßn-

bn-´p-≠v. tPm¨ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ A®≥

CXn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂p.

5. B¿ZX dnen^v sk‚¿

sIm®n `Zm-k-\ bph-P-\-]-ÿm\w

sX°≥ taJ-e-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ Fd-

Wm-Ipfw P\-d¬ tlmkv]n-‰-en\v kao]w

2005 Unkw-_¿ amkw 27- mw XobXn Bcw-

`n® ]≤-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. \n¿≤-\-cmb tcmKn-

Iƒ°v kuP\y acp∂v hnX-c-W-hpw

Im≥k¿ tcmKn-Iƒ°v Ffn-b-tXm-Xn¬

kmº-ØnI klm-bhpw \¬In-h-cp-∂p.

sska¨ tPmk^v A®≥ I¨ho-\¿

Bbn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

6. Imcp-Wy-\n-ebw ˛ If-a-t»cn

A`n-hµy kJ-dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-

tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 60- mw P∑-Zn-\m-tLm-

j-Øn¬ sX°≥ taJ-e-bnse ]≈n-Iƒ

tN¿∂v \¬Inb P∑-Zn\ kΩm-\-amWv

""kJ-dn-bm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv Imcp-Wy-

\n -ebw.'' \n¿≤-\-cmb tcmKn -Iƒ°v

kuP\y £-Ww, acp-∂v, Xma-kw, F∂nh

hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ _rlXv ]≤-Xn-bm-Wn-

Xv. H∂-c-t°mSn cq] CXn\v sNehv ]Xo-

£n-°p-∂p. 40 sk‚ v ÿew Imcp-Wy-\n-

e-b-Øn-\mbn hmßn-bn-´p-≠v. kmt¶-XnI

Imc-W-ß-fm¬ AhnsS ]Wn Bcw-`n-°p-

hm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ If-a-t»cn

tIm∏-td-‰ohv saUn-°¬ tImtf-Pn\v kao-

]w hmSI sIń-S-Øn¬ 2008 \hw-_¿ 17-

˛mw XobXn ImcpWy \ne-b-Øns‚

]h¿Ø\w Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn XpS-ßn.

acp∂v hnX-cWw Bcw-`n-®p.

A`n-hµy kJ-dn-bm am¿ At¥m-Wn-

tbmkv Xncp-ta\n CXns‚ ]kn-U‚pw

k`m amt\-PnMv IΩn-‰n-bwKw _m_p kn.

tPm¿Pv I¨ho-\-dpw Ipcp-hnf h¿Kokv

skI- -dnbpw ]^. sFkIv Sj-ddpw m.

sska¨ tPmk^v h¿°nwKv ]kn-U‚pw

Bbn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

^m. sska¨ tPmk^v

2008 \hw-_¿ 12 sh≈n-bmgvN

sshIn v Fd-Wm-Ipfw ssh.-Fw.-kn.-F.,

ssh.-U-ªyp,-kn.-F, F∂n-h-bpsS B`n-

ap-Jy-Øn¬ FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ InkvXp-

akv Itcmƒ ]cn-]mSn kwL-Sn-∏n-®p.

kwLm-S-Isc IqSmsX ]mem-cn-h´w

sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb

]≈n, Fd-Wm-Ipfw sk. tXmakv

I¬Zmb ]≈n, kn.-F-kv.-sF. CΩm-\p-

th¬ ]≈n, Fd-Wm-Ipfw sk. tacokv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv IØo-U¬, Cfw-

Ipfw sk. KntKm-dn-tbmkv Hm¿Ø-tUm

Ivkv ]≈n, amaw-Kew sk. tacokv Iv\m

\mb ]≈n, Cfw-Ipfw Pdp-ktew am¿

tØmΩ ]≈n, F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈

Kmb-I-kw-L-ßƒ Itcmƒ Km\-ßƒ

Be-]n-®p. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS

I≠-\mSv shÃv Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ A`n.

amXyqkv am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv saXm-

t∏m-eoØ InkvXp-akv ktµiw \¬In.

YWCA ]kn-U‚ v h’ DΩ≥ kzmKXw

Biwkn-°p-Ibpw ssh.-Fw.-kn.-F.,

]kn-U‚ v _m_p kn. tPm¿Pv IrX-

⁄X ]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

FIyq-sa-\n-°¬InkvXp-akv Itcmƒ

2nd Death Anniversary17-1-2009

Mrs. Aleyamma John(Kunjamma) Retd. Teacher

Molethu,Adoor, Pathanamthitta Dist.

W/o John Varghese Molethu

ëALWAYS IN OUR HEARTSí-Sorrowing Family

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 41

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

]pWykvarXn h¿Æ\ 2008]pWy t«mI-\mb tUm. ]usemkv am¿

KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 12-˛mw Nca

hm¿jn-I-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]mem-cn-h´w

tXPkv HmUn-t‰m-dn-b-Øn¬ 2008 \hw-_¿

24 -\v "]pWy-kvarXn h¿Æ\˛2008 F∂ t]cn¬

A\p-kva-cW ktΩ-f\w \S-∂p. sIm®n Zm-

k\saXm-t∏m-eoØ A`n. kJ-dnbm am¿

At¥m-Wn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n A≤y-£X

hln-®p. ]kn≤ hm‹nbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\p-

amb kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv apJy-]- m-jWw

\S-Øn. Pohn-X-Øns‚ henb A[ym-b-ßsf

Hcp hcn-bn¬ hnh-cn-°m≥ Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂

]Xn- m-im-en-bm-bn-cp∂p tUm. ]usemkv am¿

KntKmdntbmkv F∂v kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv

]d-™p. kz¥w Pohn-XsØ ac-W-tØm-S-Sp-

-∏n® A]-I-S-I-c-amb Akp-JsØ Pohn-X-

Øns‚ ]pXnb Ah-ÿ-bmbn I≠v kzoI-

cn-°p-I-bmWv Xncp-ta\n sNbvX-Xv. a\p-jys\

thm´p _m¶mbn amXw ImWp∂ C∂sØ

kmaq-lnI Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ a\pjy a\- p-Iƒ°v

Bflob NnIn’ hn[n-°m≥ sI¬∏p≈

k\ymknhcy-\mbncp∂p am¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-

sk∂v At±lw A\p-kva-cn-®p.

apwss_ `Zm-k-\-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-Øbpw

Xe-t°mSv ]n.-Fw.-Pn. SÃv ]kn-U‚p-amb

A`n. Koh¿Kokv am¿ Iq-dn-temkv Xncp-ta\n

am¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-kns\ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv

k -bpsS bi v temI-sa-ºmSpw Db¿Ønb

]nXm-hmbn hnti-jn-∏n-®p. At±-l-Øns‚

\maw A\-iz-c-am-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ Hcp kvamcIw

P∑-\m-ń¬ D≠m-th-≠-Xns‚ BhiyIX

am¿ Iqdn-temkv Nq≠n-°m-ń. AØcw Hcp

kvamcIw \n¿Ωn-°m-\p≈ Btem-N-\-Iƒ

tUm. kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv apJy ]`m-jWw \S-Øp-∂p. ^m. sI.Sn. ^nen∏v, ^m. tUm.sI.Fw. tPm¿Pv, A`n. kJ-dnbm am¿ At¥m-Wn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ, A`n. Koh¿Kokvam¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØ, t]mƒ aW-en¬ F∂nh¿ thZn-bn¬.

tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°mbv°v Ffw-Ipfw ]≈n-bn¬ kzoI-cWwFfw-Ipfw sk. KntKm-dn -tbmkv ]≈n

kzX¥ CS-h-I-bm-b-Xn-\p-tijw BZy-ambn

tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m ]utemkv am¿

anen-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n 2008 \hw-_¿ 29 \v B

]≈n kµ¿in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]≈n `mc-hm-ln-

Ifpw hnizmkn kaq-lhpw tijvT _mhmbv°v

`‡ym-Z-c-]q¿∆-amb hc-th¬∏p \¬In. hnImcn

hµy ]pfn-aq-ń¬ amXyqkv tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-∏m,

kl-hn-Imcn m. kJ-dnb amXyp, SÃn Ipcp-hnf

h¿Kokv I√q-∏-d-ºn¬, skI- dn sI.-ssh. tPm¿Pv

sI¶n-tcØv F∂n-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tijvT

_mhmsb ]≈n-b-¶-W-Øn-te°v kzoI-cn-®m-\-

bn-®p.

\hw_¿ 30 Rmb-dmgvN cmhnse tijvT

_mhm-- ]-≈n-bn¬ hnip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-b¿∏n-°p-

Ibpw AXn¬ \qdp-I-W-°n\v hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]s¶-

Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.tijvT \nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°msb sshZn-Icpw ]≈n `mc-hm-ln-Ifpw

tN¿∂p ]≈n A¶-W-Øn-tebv°p kzoI-cn®m\-bn-°p-∂p.

`Zm-k-\ -hm¿Ø-Iƒ

XpS-ßn-°-gn-™-Xmbn At±lw shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øn. tIm´bw sshZnI skan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏mƒ

^m. tUm. sI.-Fw. tPm¿Pv Xs‚ BapJ ]kw-

K-Øn¬ am¿ KntKm-dn-tbm-kns‚ Xnf-°-am¿-

∂ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ FSp-

Øp-Im-ń. sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bpsS B[p-

\nI inev]n IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-sb∂v

sI.Fw. tPm¿P-®≥ ]d-™p.

]X-]-h¿Ø-I≥ t]mƒ aW-en¬ tUm.

]usemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-bmkv Xncp-ta\nbpam-

bp≈ hy‡n-_-‘-sØ-°p-dn®v A\p-kva-cn-

°sh Ipń-I-tfmSv Af-h‰ kvt\l-ap-≠m-bn-

cp∂ hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta\n F∂v t\cn-

-dn-hp≈ Imcyw Nq≠n-°m- n. k -bnse anÃn°v

]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ s]Sp-Øm-hp∂ Hcp k\ymkn

hcy-\m-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-sb∂v t]mƒ aW-

en¬ A`n-]m-b-s∏-´p.

]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

hen-b-]-ffn hnImcn m. sI.-Sn. nen∏v kzmK-

Xhpw ^m. tUm. Sn.-]n.-G-en-bmkv IrX-⁄-

Xbpw ]d-™p.

sIm®n `Zm-k-\-Ønse sX°≥ taJe

]≈n-I-fp-sSbpw Xe-t°mSv ]cp-ae am¿ KntKm-

-dn-bkv satΩm-dn-b¬ Nmcn-‰-_nƒ SÃn-s‚bpw

kwbp‡ B`n-ap-Jy-Ønembn-cp∂p "]pWy

kvarXn h¿Æ\ 2008' kwLSn-∏n-®-Xv. ktΩ-

f-\-Øn¬ ASpØpw AI-sebpw \n∂p-ambn

\qdp-I-W-°n\v sshZnI tijvT¿, k`mw-K-

ßƒ F∂n-h¿ timXm-°-fmbn FØn-bn-cp-

∂p.

tUm. ]usemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv

42

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿ ]cp-a-e-bn¬

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and-dns‚ hnti-jm¬ ]Xn A`n. Intkm-Ã-tamkvsaXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v \¬In-s°m≠v A`n. HkvXm-Øn-tbmkvXncp-ta\n ]Im-i\w \S-Øp-∂p.

CS-hI -hm¿Ø-Iƒ

"tPm¿Pnb≥ and-dn's‚ ]. ]cp-a-e-Xn-cp-ta\n hnti-jm¬]-

Xn-∏ns‚ ]Im-i\w Bbn-c-ßƒ Xnßn-\n-d™ hnizmkn kaq-l-

Øn-\p-ap-ºmsI ]cp-ae ]≈n-bn¬ h®v \S-∂p. ]cp-ae s]cp-∂m-

fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v 2008 \h. 3˛\v cmhnse hn. Ip¿_m\ at[y

ko\n-b¿ saXm-t∏m-eoØm A`n. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-

tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bmWv ]Im-i-\-I¿Ωw \n¿∆-ln-®-Xv. \ncWw

`Zm-k\ saXm-t∏m-eoØm A`n. bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ Intkm-Ã-

tamkv Xncp-ta\n, sshZnI tijvT¿, k`m t\Xm-°ƒ XpS-ßn-b-

h¿ k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

tPm¿Pn-b≥an-d¿ k`m-X-e-Øn¬ Npcp-ßnb Imew sIm≠v

Gsd i≤-]n-Sn-®p-]-‰nb ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ambnØo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p

F∂v ]Im-i\w \n¿∆-ln-°sh A`n. HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-

ta\n FSpØp ]d-™p. ]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

hen-b-]-≈n-bpsS Hcp al-Ø-c-amb Im¬sh-bv]mWv tPm¿Pn-b≥

and¿ F∂v Xncp-ta\n Nq≠n-°m- n.

XpS¿∂v hnti-jm¬ ]Xn-∏ns‚ tIm∏n-Iƒ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

CS-bn¬ hnX-cWw sNøp-I-bp-≠mbn. AXy-[nIw Bth-i-tØmsS

bp≈ kzoI-c-W-amWv and-dn\p e`n-®-Xv. [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ hcn-°m-

cmbn tNcpIbp-≠mbn. ]X-]-h¿Ø-I\pw Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\p-amb

t]mƒ aW-en¬ tPm¿Pn-b≥ anddns\ k`-bnse G‰hpw at\m-l-

chpw ]uVhpw CuSp‰Xpamb ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ambn hnti-jn-∏n®p.

]e sshZn-Icpw hnizm-kn-Ifpw tPm¿Pn-b≥ and-dns\ k -bnse G‰hpw

A`n-am-\-I-c-amb ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-bn- mWv NnXo-I-cn-®-Xv. Hcp CS-

hI∏≈n°v CX ap¥nb coXn-bn¬ Hcp ]kn-≤o-I-cWw Cd-°p-

hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂v ]ecpw A¤pXw Iqdp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

]cp-a-e-s∏-cp-∂m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v and-dn\v ]≈n-]-cn-k-cØv

Hcp ]tXyI Ãmƒ \S-Øp-hm≥ A\p-aXn e`n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn

F∂Xv Cu ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v e`n® Hcp AwKo-Imcw IqSn-

bm-Wv. ]kvXpX Ãmƒ kµ¿i-I-cpsS BI¿j-W-tI-µ-ambn

amdn F∂Xv it≤-b-am-Wv. ˛Ãm^v ]Xn-\n[n

C¥y-bpsS Imh¬ ]nXm-hmb hn. am¿

tØmΩm «olm-bpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp -∂mƒ

Unkw_¿ 20˛21 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ ‡n-\n¿ -c-ambn

sIm≠m-Sn. CZw-]-Y-a-am-bn- mWv hn. «olm-bpsS

Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mƒ hn]p-e-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfmsS

]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

henb]≈n-bn¬ \S-Øn-b-Xv. Unkw_¿ 20˛\v

sshIn´v k‘ym ]m¿∞-\-sb-Øp-S¿∂v a≤y-

ÿ-]m¿∞-\, [ym\-]-kwKw F∂n-h-bp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. 21˛\v hn. Ip¿_m-\bv°v ^m. Sn.sP.

tPmjzm apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

ae-¶c k` Pqsse 3˛\v hn. am¿-tØmΩm

«olm-bpsS ZpIvtdmt\m s]cp-∂mƒ sIm-≠m-

Sp-∂-Xns‚ A\u-NnXyw tPmjzm®≥ Xs‚

]kw-K-at[y Nq≠n-°m-´n. ae-¶c k`sb

hn. tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mƒkw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Pqsse 3˛\v bmsXmcp

]k-‡nbpw ]m[m-\y-hp-an-√. hn. «olm-bpsS

Xncp-ti-jn∏v ssaem-∏q-cn¬ \n∂v FtU- m-bn-

te°p sIm≠p-t]m-b-Xns‚ Hm¿Ω-bmWv Pqsse

3. \ΩpsS k`-bpsS hnizm-khpw Iao-I-c-W-

hp-a-\p-k-cn®v hn. «olm c‡-km-£nXzw hln®

Zn\-amb Unkw_¿ 21˛\mWv ]m[m-\yw,

tPmjzm-®≥ ]d-™p. k` CXp \S-∏m-t°-≠-

Imew sshIn. ]. Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-

en°m _mhm CXp kw_-‘n®v I¬]-\-

t]mepw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]s£

]n∂oSv AXp \S-∏n-em-ImsX t]mbn, tPmjzm-

®≥ Nq≠n-°m-´n.

s]cp-∂m-fns‚ mK-ambn ]Z-£nWw, t\¿®-

hn-fºv F∂n-h-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

CS-hI hm¿Ø-Iƒ

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿ ]h¿Ø-I¿ ]cp-ae ]≈n A¶-W-Ønse Ãmfns‚ apºn¬

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 43

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

hncp∂p hoń¬ t]mIp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ

hnem-]-`-h-\-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂Xv \√-Xv. (k-

`m-]-kwKn 7:2).

]. k`-bpsS ]mcn-jvan-j≥ ]h¿Ø-\-

Øns‚ mK-ambpw A`n-. HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-bn¬ \n∂v

]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m≠pw ]mem-cn-h´w

sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Hm¿ØtUmIvkv CS-h-I-

bn¬ Bcw- n® kvt\l-k-µ¿i-\-Øn\v Hcp

hb- v.

tcmKn-I-tfmSpw Ai-c-W-tcm-Sp-ap≈ ]cn-

ip≤ k`-bpsS Icp-X-en-s\-∏‰n CS-hI

Kuc-h-ambn Nn¥n-®Xv ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv k`-bpsS ko\n-b¿ saXm-t∏m-

eo-Øbpw anj≥ t_m¿Uv ]kn-U‚p-amb

tUm. Koh¿Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \hXn BtLm-j-th-f-bn-

em-Wv. 2007 Unkw-_¿ 16- mw XobXn ]mem-

cn-h´w sk.tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n-

bn¬ \S∂ kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ CS-hI H∂-

S¶w At±-l-Øns‚ hnizmk XojvW-X-

sbbpw k`m -kvt\ -l-sØbpw Poh-

ImcpWy ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw BZ-cn-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. AXns‚ e-ambn CS-h-I-bn¬

CS-hI hm¿Ø-Iƒ

kvt\l-k-µ¿i\wHcp ]pØ≥ DW¿-hp-≠m-Ip-Ibpw tcmKn-

I-fmbn Bip-]-Xn-bnepw hk-Xn-bnepw Ign-

bp∂ CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fmb ktlm-Z-c-ßsf

kµ¿-in-t°-≠Xv G‰hpw Bh-iy-sa∂

Nn¥ hnizm -kn -I-fn¬ D≠m-hp -Ibpw

sNbvXp.

Cu kµ¿i\ ]cn-]mSn Bcw-`n-®-t∏m-

gmWv s]mXpsh kmº-Øn-I-ambn D∂-Xn-

bn¬ \n¬°p∂ AwK-ß-fp≈ Cu CS-h-

I-bn¬ t]mepw hf-sc-b-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ

tcmKm-Xp-c-cmbn thZ-\-bnepw ]bm-k-

Ønepw Ign-bp∂ Imcyw t\cn v Kln-®Xv.

]n∂oSv ]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv ]≈n Hcp

hen-b-]-≈n-bmbn Db¿Ø-s∏-´-ti-jhpw

]q¿∆m-[nIw wKn-bmbn kvt\l-k-µ¿i\w

XpS¿∂p.

F√m sh≈n-bm-gvNbpw sshIp-t∂cw

4 aWn apX¬ 6 aWn-h-sc-bp≈ ka-bØp

hnIm-cn-b®s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ At©m

Btdm CS-h-Imw-K-ßƒ ap≥Iqń Adn-bn-

®-Xn-\p-tijw tcmKnsb kµ¿in-°p-I-

bmWv ]Xn-hv. Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ t\cw tcmKn-

tbm-sSm∏w Nne-h-gn-°p∂ AwK-ßƒ _‘p-

an-Xm-Zn-I-fp-ambn kw`m-jn-°p-Ibpw Ah-

cpsS thZ-\-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]m´v, thZ-hm-b-\, ]m¿∞\ F∂n-hbpw

kµ¿i-\-k-a-bØv \S-Øp-∂p.

amc-I-amb tcmK-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-cm-b-

h¿, AwK-ssh-Ieyw kw`-hn-®--h¿, ImgvN,

tIƒhn, \jvS-s∏-´-h¿, Ne-\-i‡n \jvS-

s∏ v InS-°-bn¬ Xs∂ Ign-bp-∂-h¿ F∂n-

ß-s\-bp≈h-tcm-Sp-Iq-sS-bp≈ HØp-tN-c¬

Hcp Bflob A\p-`hw Xs∂-bm-sW∂v

kvt\l-k-µ¿i-\-Øn¬ ÿnc-ambn ]¶p-

tN-cp-∂-h¿ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. imco-cn-

I-amb _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ ImcWw ]≈n-bn¬

FØn Bcm-[-\-bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm≥ Ign-

bmØ tcmKn-Iƒ°pw Ahsc ipiq-jn-

°p∂ _‘p-°ƒ°pw kvt\l-k-µ¿i\w

\¬Ip∂ kwXr]vXn hf-sc-bm-Wv. Xßƒ

Bbn-cn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Bizmkw ]I-

cm≥ Bflob ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ Xßƒ°p-

s≠∂v Adn-bp-∂Xv Ah¿°v ss[cyw ]I-

cp-∂p.

a≤yÿ ]m¿∞\

i\n-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ k‘ym-\-a-kvIm-c-Øn-

\p-tijw ]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv hen-b-]-≈n-bn¬ \S-∂p-h-cp∂

tcmKn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]tXy-I-amb

a≤yÿ ]m¿∞\ At\-I¿°v Bizmkw

]I-cp∂ ipiq-j-bm-Wv. \nßƒ°v tcmK-

im¥n htc-≠-Xn\p Hcp-h-\p-th≠n Hcp-h≥

]m¿∞n-∏n≥ F∂ hN\w (bm-t°m_v 5:16)

hnizm-kn-I-fmb Ghcpw ]men-°m≥ IS-s∏-

´-h-cm-Wv. Ãm^v ]Xn-\n[n

]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv hen-b-]≈n sh≈n-bm-gvN-I-

fn¬ \S-Øp∂ kvt\l-µ¿i-\hpw i\n-

bm-gvN-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ a≤y-ÿ-]m¿∞-

\bpw a‰n-S-h-IIƒ°pw amXr-I-bm-Wv.

\n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, hy‡n-]-c-ambpw

IpSpw-_-]-c-ambpw D≈ ]iv\-ß-fn¬

amXw kZm-k-a-bhpw BIp-e-Nn-Ø-cmbn

Ign-bp∂ P\-ß-fpsS FÆw tIc-f-

Øn¬ b-\m-I-amw-hn[w IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p-∂p. am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb

tcmK-ßƒ°v CXv hgn-sX-fn-°p-∂-Xmbn

Kth-j-W-ßƒ sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≠v. \Ωn-

te°v Xs∂ Npcp-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂ Cu Zb-

\ob Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v tam-N\w ]m]n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kn≤u-j[w IqSn-bmWv

kvt\l-k-µ¿i-\w. amk-Øn¬ Hcn-°-

se-¶nepw kvt\l-k-µ¿i\ Soan-s\m∏w

tN¿∂v CS-h-I-bnse a‰v IpSpw-_-ßƒ,

hn-ti-jn®pw tcmKm-h-ÿ-bnepw _p≤n-

ap-ń-epw Bbn-cn-°p-∂-hsc k-µ¿in-°p-

∂Xv imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-

b-hp-amb H´-\-h[n A\p-K-l-ßƒ°v

CS-bmIpw F∂Xv CXn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp∂

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A\p-`-h-km-£y-am-Wv.

tPmen-bn¬ \n∂v hnc-an®v hni-a-Po-

hnXw \bn-°p-∂-h-cpsS amXw Npa-X-e-

bmbn kvt\l-k-µ¿i\w amd-cp-Xv. bphXo

bphm-°fpw amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw Ipń-Ifpw

hepXpw sNdp-Xp-amb ]Z-hn-bn-en-cn-°p-

∂-hcpw F√m-hcpw tN¿∂mte CS-h-I-

bpsS kvt\l-k-µ¿i\w ]q¿Æ-am-Iq.

hen∏ sNdp∏w t\m°msX hnizm-kn-

Iƒ ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw ]¶p-

sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂ Hcp henb IpSpw-

_-amWv CS-hI F∂v \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-

°p∂ Hcp al-Ømb ipiq-j-bmWv

kvt\l-k-µ¿i-\w. Ahn-sS-bmWv ssZhw

A\p-K-l-ß-fpsS amcn s]øn-°p-∂-Xv.

CXp-t]mse a‰n-S-h-I-Iƒ°v A\p-I-

c-Wo-b-amb Fs¥-¶nepw amXrI \nß-

fpsS CS-h-I-bn-ept≠m? Ds≠-¶n¬

Rßƒ°v Fgp-Xp-I: A\p-K-l-am-cn,

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿, sk‚ v tPm¿Pv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb]≈n, ]mem-cn-

h-´w, sIm®n˛682 025.

A\p-I-c-Wob amXr-I-Iƒ

A\p-K-l-amcn

I ¬ ° ´

PmZh-]q¿ bqWn-

th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n

∂pw \yqtdm kb

≥-kn¬ tUmIvS-

td‰v _ncpZw CS-

h-ImwKw sadn\

h¿Ko-kn\v e`n-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]mem-cn-h´w sk.

tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hen-b-]≈n

CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fmb (sk. tacokv

^manen bqWn-‰v) amØ≥ ]Sn-°¬

‰n.-C. h¿Ko-kn-t‚bpw kqkn-bp-tSbpw

]pXnbpw tImg-t©cn sXt°-ae

]m≠ym-e-bv°¬ tSmWn-bpsS mcy-bp-

am-Wv.

tUmIvS-td‰p e`n®p

44

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


GEORGIAN KIDStemI-Ønse G‰hpw henb sXc-s™-Sp∏v

]nb-s∏´ Ipń-I-sf,

Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy cmPy-Øn-emWv \mw

Pohn-°p-∂-sX∂v \nß-fn¬ an°-h¿°pw

Adn-bmw. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ P\-ß-fm¬

sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]Xn-\n-[n-IfmWv

P\-ßƒ°p-th≠n cWw \S-Øp-∂Xv. Cu

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Isf sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂

s]mXpsXc-s™-Sp∏v sshImsX \ΩpsS

cmPyØv \S-°m≥ t]mIp-I-bm-Wv. kzX¥

C¥y-bpsS BZy-X-e-apd t\Xm-°ƒ kzmX -

¥y-k-acw \bn-®-h¿ Bbncp-∂p. hnZym`ym -

khpw t\Xr-Xz-Kp-Whpw Ic-ÿ-am-°nb

tijw cmjvSo-b-Øn-se-Ønb-hcmbn-cp-∂p

Ah¿. \n¿`m-Ky-sa∂p ]d-b-s´, ]n∂oSph∂

t\Xm-°ƒ ]ecpw kacw cmjv- So-b-Øn-en-

d-ßm-\p≈ Ipdp-°p-h-gn-bm°n t\Xr-\n-c-bn-

se-Øn-b-h-cm-Wv. A[n-Imc Zp¿hn-\n-tbm-

Khpw Agn-a-Xnbpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w FØn.

cmjvSob ]h¿Ø-\sØ P\w shdp-Øp.

F∂m¬, adn-®p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw

D≠v. cmjvS-]Xnamcm-bn-cp∂ tUm. sI.B¿.

\mcm-b-W≥, tUm. F.]n.sP. A_vZpƒ

Iemw, ][m-\-a¥n tUm. a≥tam-l≥

knwKv XpS-ßnb t]cp-Iƒ \nßƒ°v kp]-

cn -Nn -X-ß-fm-Wv. hnZym-`ym-k-Ønepw

]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e-I-fnepw D∂-X-amb hnP-

b-ßƒ ssIh-cn-®-Xn-\p-tijw cmjvSo-b-

Øn¬ FØm-\n-S-bm-b-h-cm-Wn-h¿. sImSn

]nSn®pw XΩn-e-Sn®pw Imep-hm-cnbpw IpXn-

Im¬ shń-bp-sams° ]m¿ń-]-h¿ Ø\w

\S-Øp-∂-h¿°v kz]v\w ImWm≥ t]mepw

Ign-bmØ ÿm\-ßƒ BWv C-h¿°p

e`n-®-Xv.

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Cu cmPyØv henb

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬In-bn- p≈ cmPy-kvt\-ln-

Iƒ BWv. kzmX-¥y-k-ac t]mcm-fn-Ifpw

tZiob t\Xm-°fpw \ap-°p-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

cmjvSo-bhpw am‰-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-Wv.

kacw hgn-F∂pw t\Xm-hm-Im≥ km[n-°p-

sa∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. D∂X hnZym- ym-khpw

]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ cmPym-¥c AwKo-

Im-chpw t\Sn-b-h¿ mhn-bn¬ IqSp-X-embn

cmjvSob t\Xr-\n-c-bn¬ htc-≠-Xp≠v. hn.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ tPmk- v, tami, Zm\n-

tb¬ XpS-ßnb t\Xm-°-sf-∏‰n \mw hmbn-

°p-∂p-≠v. ssZh-Øn¬ Bi-bn-®-Xp-

sIm≠v D∂-X-amb ]Z-hn-bn¬ Ah¿ tim`n-

®p.

ssZhm-i-b-ap≈ t\Xm-°ƒ D≠m-

bmte cmPy-Øn\v ]ptcm-KXn D≠m-Iq.

⁄m-\hpw t\Xr-Xz-Kp-W-hp-ap≈ bphm-

°ƒ \ΩpsS k -bn¬ \n∂pw Db¿∂p hc-

Ww.

""Hcp-h≥ B≤y£-ÿm\w BK-ln-°p-

∂p-sh-¶n¬ \√ the- B-K-ln-°p-∂p''- (1

XntamØn 3:1). P\m-[n-]Xy ]Inb

(Democratic process) a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v

G‰hpw ]‰nb ka-b-amWv Cu Ce-£≥

Imew. Hmtcm cmjvSob ]m¿ń-bpw P\-ß-

fpsS ]n¥pWtXSn-bmWv sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬

a’-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnP-bn®v A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-

Øn-bm¬ F¥mWv sNøm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-

sX∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ ]I-S-\-]-XnI

(Election Manifesto ) Hmtcm ]m¿ńbpw

]pd-Øn-d-°pw. hm¿Øm am[y-a-ß-fn¬

\n∂v ]m¿ń-I-fpsS t\Xm-°∑m-sc ]‰nbpw

afi-e-ß-sf-]-‰nbpw (Constituencies)\nßƒ°v hnh-c-ßƒ e`n-°pw. \nß-fpsS

afi-e-Ønse ]N-c-W-co-Xn-Ifpw a‰pw

ki≤w \nco-£n-°p-I. Nne ]X-ßƒ Ce-

£≥ ssKUp-Iƒ ]pd-Øn-d-°m-dp-≠v.

cmjvSob X¥-ßfpw a‰p kmaq-ly-amb

hyh-ÿn-Xn-Ifpw sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-eØv

IqSp-X¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-Spw. `mhn-bn¬

]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂ Adn-hp-Iƒ Bbn-cn°pw

Ch. \nßƒ°v kz¥-ambn ]T-\-Øn\v

klm-b-I-c-amb Ce-£≥ t]mP-IvSp-Iƒ

sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ amXm-]n-

Xm-°≥amcpw A≤ym-]-Icpw \nßsf

klm-bn°pw.

temIØnse G‰hpw henb sXc-s™-

Sp-∏mWv C¥y-bn¬ \S-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv.

Cu sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Im-eØv \nß-fpsS

hy‡nXz hf¿®°pw kmaqly t_m[-

Øn\pw D]-Im-c-]-Z-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ t\Sp-

∂-Xn\v ian-°-W-sa∂v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°-s´.

\nß-fpsS kz¥w

Btcm¨ A¶nƒ

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 45

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

tkmW¬ k¨tU kvIqƒkl-]mTy a’cw

Beph Xr°-

∂Øp skan-\m-cn-bn¬

\-S∂ k¨tU kvIqƒ

tkmW¬ a’-c-Øn¬

(Bdp Zm-k-\-ßƒ XΩn

-ep≈ a’-cw) sIm®n

`Zm-k-\-Ønse ]mem-cn-

h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb

]≈n k¨tU kvIqfn¬ \n∂pw PqWn-

b¿ hn`m-K-Øn¬ kaq-l-Km\w H∂mw

ÿm\-Øn\v Fkv. Aizn≥, Fsse≥

tdm_¿´v, A∂ tXma v F∂n-h¿

_me-˛-_m-enImkam-P -Iema’cwXncp-h√ Fw.-Pn.-Fw. lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvI-fn¬ \S∂ AJne ae-¶c _me-˛-

_m-enImkam-P- I-em-a-’-c-Øn¬ sIm®n `Zm-k-\sØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®p ]mem-cn-h´w

sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb]≈n-bn¬ \n∂p ]s¶-SpØ Fkv. Aizn≥ PqWn-

b¿ hn`mKw ]kwK a’-c-Øn¬ H∂mw ÿm\hpw Fsse≥ tdm_¿´v kwKo-X-Øn\p

c≠mw-ÿm-\hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°n.

kn._n.-F-kv.-C. Item-’-h-Øn¬ "F' tKUv hSIc-bn¬ \S∂ 15-˛-m-aXp kwÿm\ CBSE

Item-’-h-Øn¬ Ip®p-∏p-Sn, \mtSm-Sn-\r-Øw, `c-

X-\m-Syw- F∂o C\-ß-fn¬ Im‰-Kdn \men¬ bYm-

Iaw H∂v, c≠v, aq∂v ÿm\-ßƒ CS-h-ImwKw

_nt\mbv _©-an≥ "F' tKtUmSp IqSn Ic-ÿ-

am-°n. k¨tU kvIqƒ 8˛mw ¢mkv hnZym¿-∞nbpw

CS-h-Imw-K-ß-fmb kn.-hn. _©-an-s‚-bpw Nn∂-Ω-

bp-sSbpw ]pX-\p-am-Wv. (St. Paul’s Family Unit, Kaloor).

A∂ tXma v, Fkv. Aizn≥,Fsse≥ tdm_¿´v

A¿l-cm-bn. ko\n-b¿ hn`mKw ]kwKw a’-c-Øn¬ H∂mw-ÿm\w t\mb-en≥ tPmkpw

s]mXp-hn-⁄m-\-Øn\p c≠mw-ÿm\w InÃn≥ Ir]m tPmWpw Ic-kvX-am-°n. sIm√Øp \S∂ ktlm-Zb kn.-_n.-

F-kv.-C. kwÿm-\-Xe Item-’-h-Øn¬

ae-bm-fw ]kwK-Øn\v Fkv. Aizn≥

H∂mw ÿm\w t\Sn. Aizn≥ k¨tU-

kvIqƒ 7˛mw ¢mkv hnZym¿∞nbpw sk.

tXma v ^manen bqWn‰v AwKw tUm.

ioaXn PntPm-bpsS ]pX-\p-am-Wv.

Aizn\v H∂mwÿm\w

GEORGIAN KIDS

t\mb-en≥tPmkv

CS-hI hm¿Ø-Iƒ

]m-em-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hen-b-]≈n Kb-IkwLw Inkvakv Itcmƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.(heØv) _me-km-ln-Xy-Im-c≥ tPmb≥ Ipa-cIw Inkvakv ktµiw \¬Ip-∂p.

C‚¿N¿®v k¨tUkvIqƒ a’-c-w

Fd-Wm-Ipfw ssh.-Fw.-kn.-F.-bn¬

\S∂ C‚¿N¿®v k¨tU kvIqƒ a’-c-

Øn¬ PqWn-b¿ hn`m-K-Øn¬ kwKo-X-

Øn\v Fkv. Aizn≥ H∂mw ÿm\hpw

Fsse≥ tdm_¿ v c≠mw ÿm\hpw t\Sn.

kaq-l-Km-\-Øn\pw hmtZym-]-I-cW kwKo-

X-Øn\pw H∂mw ÿm\hpw hmtZym-]-I-c-

W-an-√msXbp≈ kwKo-X-Øn\v aq∂mw

ÿm\hpw ]mem-cn -h´w henb]≈n

k¨tU kvIqƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°n.

k¿t§m-’-h-Øn¬ hnPbwAJne tIcf _meP\-k-Jyw 2008 k¿t§m-

’-h-Øn¬ bqWn-b≥ Xe-Øn¬ IYmcN-\, ]Zy-

]mcm-bWw F∂n-h-bv°v H∂mw ÿm\-hpw taJ-

em-Sn -ÿm-\-Øn¬ IYmcN \bv°v c≠mw

ÿm\hpw ]Zy -]m -cm -b -W-Øn\v aq∂mw

ÿm\hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°nb InÃn≥ Ir]m

tPm¨. k¨tU kvIqƒ 8˛mw ¢m v hnZym¿∞n-InÃn≥

Ir]m tPm¨

\n-bm-Wv. Ff-a-°c sk. Ão^≥kv man-en-bq-Wn-‰w-K-ß-fmb

tPm¨ h¿Ko-kn-s‚bpw tPmfn-bp-sSbpw aIfmWv.

_nt\mbv_©-an≥

In-kvakv Itcmƒ 2008

46

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿


\ncymXcmbn

24-˛10-˛2008: Ieq¿ Atim-Im- tdm-Un¬

km\nb A∏m¿´p -sa‚ n¬ ^nen∏v

tPmWns‚ amXmhv H‰-sØ-ßn¬ I¬]-\-

bn¬ kn.-]n. sdbv®¬ (78) \ncym-X-bm-bn.

kwkvImcw tN∏mSv sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv ]≈n skan-tØcn-bn¬ \SØn.

(Family Details in Parish Directory Sl. No.

388).

27-˛10-˛2008: Ieq¿ tZim-`n-

am\n tdmUn¬ IWn-bm-¥

h√Øv sI. tXmakv

tPm¿Pv (in¬]n _m_p,

70) \ncym-X-\m-bn. kwkv-

Imcw ]mem-cn-h´w sk‚ v

tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb]≈n

skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ \S-Øn. (Dir. Sl. No. 508).

10-˛12-˛2008: ]mem-cn-h´w

t\m¿Øv P\Xm tdmUv ISp-

°c hoń¬ Fw.-sI. tXma-

kns‚ `mcy AΩnWn (79)

\ncym-X-bm-bn. kwkvImcw

]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hen-b-]-≈n- skan-tØ-cn-

bn¬ \S-Øn. ( Dir. Sl. No. 492).

15.12.2008: ]mem -cn -h´w

ssh.Fw.-sP. tdmUn¬ Xpº-

t»-cn¬ _m_p Sn. tPm¿-

Pns‚ amXmhv Gen-bmΩ

tPm¿Pv (83) \ncym-X-bm-bn.

kwkv-Imcw hmI-Øm\w

sk. tPm¨kv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hen-b-

]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ \S-Øn. (Dir. Sl. No. 70)

19.12.2008: Ieq¿ F¬.-F- v.

kn. tdmUv \nhym-\-K-dn¬

]pt√-en¬ kn. ]m∏-®≥

(66) \ncym-X-\m-bn. kwkv-

Imcw ]mem-cn-h´w sk.

tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

hen-b-]-≈n skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ \SØn. (Dir.

Sl. No. 372)

20.12.2008: shÆe Xøn¬

hoń¬ h¿Kokv kmap-h¬

(62) \ncym-X-\mbn. kwkv-

Imcw amth-en-°c ]Øn-

®nd sk. tPm¨kv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv hen -b -] -≈n

skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ \S-Øn. (Dir. Sl. No. 556)

hnhm-ln-X-cmbn

10-˛11-˛2008: ]mem-cn-h´w ]h¿lukv

tdmUn¬ sI.-sF. h¿Ko-kn-s‚bpw tacn-bp-

sSbpw aI≥ Zo]phpw Hm®-¥p-cpØv Im´m-

t»cn hoń¬ sI.-F-kv. tPmkn-s‚bpw

tPmfn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tXPbpw ]mem-cn-

h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

henb]≈n-bn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

16- 11- 2008: CS-∏≈n t]mtW-°c Noc≥

hoń¬ sIm®p-Ip-™-s‚bpw X¶-a-Wn-bp-

sSbpw aI≥ Zn\phpw t]mtW-°c ssa-

\m´p hoń¬ ^m≥kn-kn-s‚bpw t__n-

bp-sSbpw aIƒ tkmWbpw ]mem-cn-h´w

sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb]-≈n-

bn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

17-˛11-˛2008: \yqtbm¿°v sk. ta-cokv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-amb

hµy ]utemkv BZmbn tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm-

∏-bp-sSbpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aI≥ sI≥kpw

vtfmdnU sk. KntKm-dn-tbmkv Hm¿Ø-

tUmIvkv ]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-amb ^m.

tPm¿Pv tPmWn-s‚bpw tacn-bp-sSbpw aIƒ

dmWnbpw ]mem-cn -h´w sk. tPm¿Pv

Hm¿Ø--tUmIvkv henb]≈n-bn¬ hnhm-ln-

X-cm-bn.

17- 11- 2008: Gcq¿ ssI∏p-g-Ip-∂n¬ sI.-

hn. h¿Ko-kns‚bpw tamfn-\bp-sSbpw aIƒ

\nabpw ]¥fw FIvk¬ \-S-°mhn¬

^nen∏v tImin-bp-sSbpw kpte-J-bp-sSbpw

aI≥ sjtcmWpw ASq¿ CΩm-\p-h¬

a¿tØmΩm ]≈n-bn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

23- 11- 2008: ]mem-cn-h´w acq-tIm-bn-°¬

]tc-X-\mb Fw.-sI. Cu∏-s‚bpw efn-X-

bp-sSbpw aI≥ kpPnØpw ]mem-cn-h´w

πmhp-¶¬ ]n.-sP. tP°-_n-s‚bpw timim-

Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ sPbvkpw ]mem-cn-h´w

sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb]-

≈n-bn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

24-˛11-˛2008: Xr°m-°c hmg°me Ing-

t°-SØp sI.-‰n. Ipcy-s‚bpw Beo-kn-s‚-

bpw aI≥ A\nepw sNss∂ a¿tØmΩm

kndn-b≥ ]≈n CS-h-I-bn¬ ]tc-X-\mb sI.-

Pn. kmap-h-en-s‚bpw sXsc-k-bp-sSbpw

aIƒ Pqenbpw Fd-Wm-Ipfw sk. tacokv

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv IØo-U-en¬ hnhm-ln-X-

cm-bn.

24- 11- 2008: Xr°m-°c sNºp-ap°v sadn-

Un-b≥ Km¿U≥kn¬ tXmakv amXyp-hn-

s‚bpw A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥ kµo]pw

]pXp-ae ap√-t»cn Ing-t°-Xn¬ Fw.-ssh.

X¶-®-s‚bpw sdbv®-en -s‚bpw aIƒ

Sn≥knbpw ]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø

-tUmIvkv henb]≈n-bn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

29-˛11-˛2008: ]mem-cn-h´w sk. tPm¿Pv

Sth-gvkn¬ ]tc-X-\mb em_n tPmWn-

s‚bpw sdbv®-en-s‚bpw aIƒ \n n\pw

Im™n-c-∏≈n I√q¿ AUz. sI.-sF.

tPm¿Pn-s‚bpw efn-X-bp-sSbpw aI≥

G_lmw tPm¿Pv I√qcpw tIm´bw kn.-

F-kv.-sF. tlmfn Sn\n‰n IØo-U-en¬

hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

28- 12- 2008: CS-∏≈n kar-≤n-\-K¿ IØm-

SØv sI.kn. Koh¿Ko-kn-s‚bpw eoem-Ω-

bp-sSbpw aI≥ tPm¨ h¿Kokpw sIm√w

\√n-e πmhn-e -πmk h-\n¬ ssh. tPm -

k-s‚bpw euen-bp-sSbpw aIƒ tdmjv\n

F¬U tPm¨kWpw ]mem-cn-h´w sk.

tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv henb ]≈n-bn¬

hnhm-ln-X-cmbn.

28- 12- 2008: a™p-Ω¬ s_tY¬ Noc≥

hoń¬ kn.sI. kmap-th-en-s‚bpw sagvkn-

bp-sSbpw aIƒ tam\n-jbpw shkv‰v aßm-

´v a-≠p-ºm≥ hoń¬ Fw.kn. cmP-s‚bpw

Hma-\-bp-sSbpw aI≥ hnt\mZpw shÃv

aßm´p sk. KotKm-dn-tbmkv ]≈n-bn¬

hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

29-˛12-˛2008: ]mem-cn-h´w N°p-¶¬

tdmUn¬ Ip∂pw -]p -dØp G_lmw

tPm¿Pn-s‚bpw kmdm-Ω-bp-sSbpw aI≥

tPm¿Pv G_-lmapw Acphm ]mew

ss]\pw-ap- n¬ slh≥t^m¿Uv FtÃ-‰n¬

tP°_v sNdn-bm-s‚bpw SnPn-bp-sSbpw

aIƒ hoWm kmd tP°_pw ]mem-cn-h´w

sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hen-b-]-≈n-

bn¬ hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn.

]nb hmb\°m¿°v,\nßfpsS cN\Iƒ, A`n]mb-

ßƒ, \n¿t±ißƒ, ]XnIcWßƒF∂nh ]q¿Æamb hnemkw, t^m¨\º¿ F∂nh klnXw Ab®p Xtc≠-XmWv. ISemkns‚ Hcp ]pdØp amXwFgpXpI. cN\Iƒ InkvXob˛thZ-]pkv-XI˛-Bflob˛k`mkwº‘amb GsX-¶nepw H∂pambn _‘ap≈hbm-bncn°-Wsa∂v Hm¿°pat√m. Abt°≠ hnemkw:

The Editor, Gerogian Mirror

C/o St. George Orthodox Valiyapally,Palarivattom, Cochin-682 025

Ph: 0484-2346096,email: [email protected]

cN\Iƒ ]kn≤oIcWtbmKy-amtWm F∂p \n¿Æbn°m\p≈ hnth-N\m-[nImcw FUnt‰mdnb¬ t_m¿Un¬\n£n]vXambncn°p∂p.

˛C-S-hI hm¿Ø-Iƒ: ]n.F. tPm¿Pv

2009 P\p-hcn ˛ am¿®v 47

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿

St. George Orthodox Valiyapally, PalarivattomBcm-[\m kabw

Rmb-dmgvN ]`m-X-\-a-kvIm-cw ˛ cmhnse 6.30\vRmb-dmgvN hnip≤ Ip¿∫m\ ˛ cmhnse 7.30\

c≠mw i\n-bmgvNbpw amdm-\mb s]cp-\m-fp-I-fnepw hn.Ip¿∫m\ ˛- cmhnse 6.45\vF√m Znh-khpw k‘ym-\-a-kvImcw ˛ ssh-In´v 6.30\v

F√m i\n-bm-gvN-I-fnepw ˛ k‘ym \a-kvIm-csØ XpS¿∂v tcmKn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ a≤yÿ ]m¿∞\

sk. tPm¿Pv Hm¿ØtUmIvkv henb]≈n, ]memcnh´w

2009 P\p-hcnP\p-hcn 1 hymgw \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns‚ tNem-I¿Ωw.

hnenb am¿ _t -en-tbmkv, am¿ KotKm-dn-sbmkv F∂o aev]m-∑m-cpsS Hm¿Ω.B≠m-cw`w.

P\p-hcn 3 i\n ]. Koh¿§okv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS Hm¿Ω (tZh-tem-Iw).Iq\≥Ipcnip kXy-kva-c-Wm-Zn-\w. (a´m-t©cn sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]≈n).

P\p-hcn 4 Rmb¿ saXm-k-\-Zn\wP\p-hcn 6 sNm∆ Z\lms]cp-∂mƒP\p-hcn 26 Xn¶ƒ ]. _t -en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS Hm¿Ω

(im-kvXmw-tIm-´), ]utemkv am¿ AØm\mtkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsSHm¿Ω (Bephm Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\m-cn)

2009 s^_p-hcns^_p-hcn 2 Xn¶ƒ amb¬sØm. A`n. ]sXmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-sbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Hm¿Ω

(I≠-\mSv I¿tΩ¬ Zb-d). aq∂p t\mºv Bcw-`w, [ym\w.s^_p-hcn 3 sNm∆ aq∂p-t\mºv [ym\ws^_p-hcn 4 _p[≥ aq∂p-t\mºv [ym\ws^_p-hcn 5 hymgw aq∂p-t\mºv hoS¬s^_p-hcn 8 Rmb¿ sImls\ (BNm-cy-∑m-cpsS Hm¿Ω)

BZy-^-e-ti-Jc s]cp-∂mƒ (hm¿jnI skbn¬)s^_p-hcn 15 Rmb¿ B\osZ (hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Hm¿Ω). CS-hI Zn\w.B≤ym-floI kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw

IpSpw-_-bq-Wn-‰p-I-fp-sSbpw kwbp‡ kwKaw.s^_p-hcn 22 Rmb¿ sImØns\ Rmb-dm-gvN- (-t]-Øq¿sØ)s^_p-hcn 23 Xn¶ƒ ae-¶c k`m- m-kp-c≥ ]. h -t»-cn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta\nbpsS Hm¿Ω

(]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn)hen-b-t\mºv Bcw-`w, iq_vt°ms\m ipiq-j,tXmakv am¿ a°m-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Hm¿Ω (tZh-tem-Iw)

hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ßƒ

2009 am¿®vam¿®v 1 Rmb¿ IpjvT-tcm-Kn-bpsS Rmb-dmgvNam¿®v 8 Rmb¿ ]£-hm-X-°m-cs‚ Rmb-dmgvNam¿®v 13 sh≈n kphn-ti-j-tbmKw Bcw`wam¿®v 14 i\n CShI [ym\w kphn-ti-j-tbmKwam¿®v 15 Rmb¿ Iv\m\mb°mcn-bpsS aI-fpsS Rmb-¿

kphn-ti-j-tbmKw kam-]\wam¿®v 18 _p[≥ ]mXn t\mºvam¿®v 22 Rmb¿ Iq\n-bpsS Rmb-dmgvNam¿®v 25 _p[≥ hN-\n-∏p-s]-cp-∂mƒam¿®v 29 Rmb¿ Ipcp-Ss‚ Rmb-dmgvN. k`m-Zn\w

2009 G]n¬G]n¬ 3 sh≈n \mev]Xmw sh≈n-bmgvNG]n¬ 4 i\n emk-dns‚ i\n-bmgvNG]n¬ 5 Rmb¿ Hmim\ Rmb-dmgvNG]n¬ 9 hymgw s]klm hymgmgvNG]n¬ 10 sh≈n ZpxJ- sh≈nbmgvNG]n¬ 11 i\n ZpxJ i\n-bmgvNG]n¬ 12 Rmb¿ Dbn¿∏pRmb-dmgvNG]n¬ 19 Rmb¿ ]pXp-Rm-b-dmgvN

In

kv

a

kv

I

tcm

ƒ

2008

tPm¿Pn-b≥ and¿ MISSION STATEMENTmarthoman.tv/georgianmirror/georgian.pdfChief Editor: 94468...

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