TP4 HIDROLOGIA.docx

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTEROFACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS

HIDROLOGÍA

TPNº4

HIDROMETRÍA



-A$"7# (e "+$+! 8/9-P.#5&$(*(+( 8/9

-Ve!#"*(+( (e! "+&"e 8/:9Aforo6 E &$ "#$%&$'# (e #e.+"*#$e , .#"e(*/*e$'# &e *.e$ +.+/e(*. "+&(+!e3Tipos de Aforo:- C#$ M#!*$e'e6 e/!e+(# e$ .;# (e !!+$&.+< "#$ "&.# (e +=&+ *$'&.&!e$"*+ , *$ ".&"e (e !;$e+ (e >&%#3- C#$ >#'+(#.e6 e./*'e$ !+ (e'e./*$+"*$ (e "+&(+!e e$ 5#./++.#?*/+(+3

- C#$ '.+@+(#.e &;/*"#6 #$ &'*!*@+(# e$ .;# (e /#$'++< (#$(e e!'*.+$'e e +%# , +.*+!e< "#$ "&.# (e +=&+ '&.&!e$'# , "#$ !e'e &e$# e'$ *e$ (e$*(#3L+ .e+!*@+"*$ (e !# +5#.# (*.e"'# e e! 5&$(+/e$'# (e! &e$5&$"*#$+/*e$'# (e !+ e'+"*#$e (e +5#.#3 E'+ /e(*"*#$e e .e+!*@+$+.+ #'e$e. !# &$'# $e"e+.*# +.+ "#$'.&*. !+ '+!+ (e =+'# #"#/.#+. & #$(+( &$+ e@ &e e e'$ ,+ &'*!*@+$(#< # '+/*)$ #. e!*$'e.) ee"*+! (e "#$#"e. (*.e"'+/e$'e e! "+&(+! (e &$ .;#< "+$+! #

/+$+$'*+! e$ e! /#/e$'# e$ &e e 7+"e !+ /e(*(+3

Condiciones:E! e/!+@+/*e$'# (e &$+ e'+"*$ (e +5#.# (ee "&/!*. "#$ !+ *=&*e$'e"#$(*"*#$e ')"$*"+ "#/# / */#.'+$'e619 C&.# .e"'# (e! .;#< +! /e$# +=&+ +..*+ (e !+ e"+!+ 8# !*/$;=.+5#9329 C+&"e *e$ (e$*(# '+$'# e$ e'*+%e "#/# +.+ (e+=&+. !+ +e$*(+

*$ (e#.(+/*e$'#

9 V ! *( ( ! * ! ' (* ' * *( ( *(9 7 * ! * ! ! * * (



Descripción del molinete

E &$ ++.+'# &e (+ !+ e!#"*(+( !#"+! (e! +=&+ + '.+) (e !+ /e(*(+ (e!

$/e.# (e .e#!&"*#$e (e !+ 7)!*"e3 B*"+/e$'e "#$*'e e$ &$+ e.*e (e"+@#!e'+ &e< */&!+(+ #. !+ e!#"*(+( (e! +=&+< =*.+$ +!.e(e(#. (e &$e%e +! "&+! '.+$/*'e$ &$ /#*/*e$'# "*."&!+.K &$ *'e/+ e!)"'.*"# e./*'e"#$'+. e! $/e.# (e .e#!&"*#$e 8N9 #. &$*(+( (e '*e/#< , e'e +!#. e.e!+"*#$+ "#$ !+ e!#"*(+( (e! +=&+ 8V9 &e e &*e.e 7+!!+.< "#$ &$+e"&+"*$ (e !+ 5#./+6

v=a+b . N

D#$(e + , "#$ "#$'+$'e +.+ "+(+ /#!*$e'e3

L+ &'*!*@+"*$ .+"'*"+ (e! /#!*$e'e e 7+"e $#./+!/e$'e (**(*e$(# !+&e."*e !*.e (e! '.+$e.+! (e! .;# e$ 8$ 19 +.'e< %+$(# $ &$'#< (e!# "&+!e e! .*/e.# e'+. /&, .?*/# + &$+ #.*!!+ , e! e=&$(# + !+#&e'+3 E$ "+(+ &$# (e e'# &$'# e *'+ e! /#!*$e'e + (*'*$'+.#5&$(*(+(e< "#$ !# &e e !#=.+ "#$#"e. !+ e!#"*(+( (e! .;# e$ N &$'#<(#$(e *e/.e N e /+,#. # /&, e?"e"*#$+!/e$'e *=&+! + $3

P+.+ e! "!"&!# (e! +5#.#< e .e"*$(e (e! (*&%# (e !+ *#'+"+ , e (**(ee! '.+$e.+! e$ 5+%+ e.'*"+!e< (e 5#./+ &e "+(+ &$+ (e e!!+< '*e$e"#/# /e(*+$+ e! e%e e.'*"+! (#$(e e "#!#"+ e! /#!*$e'e3 De e'+ /+$e.+e 5"*! "+!"&!+. !+ e!#"*(+( /e(*+ e$ "+(+ &$+ (e e'+ +!*"+$(# !#/)'#(# (e6

1 punto: v=v0,6h



Q=∑i=1

n

qi ,i +1

M"todo de a semisecci&n3 Se (**(e e$ $ e=/e$'# , e "+!"&!+$ !#

"+&(+!e +."*+!e +.+ "+(+ &$# (e e!!#3 Se '.++%+ "#$ !+ e!#"*(+( /e(*+, !+ .#5&$(*(+( (e "+(+ e.'*"+! , e '#/+ "#/# e! .e+ .e.ee$'+'*+ !+"#/.e$(*(+ e$'.e !+ /*'+( (e !+ (*'+$"*+ e$'.e !+ e.'*"+! +$'e.*#. , !+#'e.*#. + !+ &e ) e'e '#/+$(# "#/# .e5e.e$"*+ '+! "#/# e '.+'+ (e*$(*"+. e$ !+ =&.+3 De e'+ /+$e.+< !+ e"&+"*$ (e "+&(+! +.+ &$ e%e/!#

"&+!&*e.+ e.6

qi=v i . hi .( b i−1+b i

2 )Q=∑

i=1

n

qi

Aforos '%ímicos# M"todos de c$c%oSe ++$ e$ !+ +.*+"*$ (e "#$"e$'.+"*$ &e &5.e &$+ #!&"*$ +! e.e.'*(+ e$ &$ "+&"e< &e '.+$#.'+ &$ "+&(+! (e !;&*(# #. e=&$(#< e!"&+! e (ee+ /e(*.3E?*'e$ (# '*# 5&$(+/e$'+!e (e +5#.# &;/*"#< + +e.6

a) Aforo a r"(imen constante m"todo de in*ecci&n contin%a)

S * ( ; !! ( ! ' ' 819 ( ! ! '*



+# (e !+ $&e 7+'+ &e 'e./*$+< e #'e$(. &$+ e.*e (e /&e'.+<"&,+ "#$"e$'.+"*#$e C2< (*&%+(+ e$ &$ *'e/+ "+.'e*+$#< (+.$ &$+

"&.+ e$ 5#./+ (e "+/+$+< *e$(# !+ +"*+ !# '*e/# (e e?'.+""*$ ,!+ #.(e$+(+ !+ "#$"e$'.+"*#$e C2 (e "+(+ /&e'.+3 E! .e+ +%# e'+"&.+ e.< e$ e"+!+ +(e"&+(+< e! e# (e !+ +! +..#%+(+ +! .;# e$ !+e""*$ S13 E'+!e"*e$(# !+ e"&+"*$ (e "#$'*$&*(+( e$'.e S1 , S2

'e$(.e/#6

V .C 1= P=Q+T

C 2. dt

De.e"*+$(# V:T +! !+(# (e #(e/# e".**.6 P=Q C 2 . dt

De (#$(e e (e(&"e6

Q= P

C .d t

Aforos con -otadores# M"todos de c$c%o.E e! /)'#(# / .&(*/e$'+.*# +.+ 7+!!+. !+ e!#"*(+( /e(*+ (e &$+"#..*e$'e< e.# '+/*)$ e! / .*(# , &e .e"*+ (e /e$# e!e/e$'# ,.e+.+'*#3

E 7 * * * (* *



M%estra

0iem,o

Concent

N2) se() (3)

1 0 0<000

2 1 0<000

0 0<00

4 4 0<011

0 0<01J

0<02 J0 0<04

10 0<00

J 120 0<0

10 1 0<00

11 10 0<04

12 1 0<0

1 10 0<014 1J 0<0

1 210 0<01 22 0<0

1 240 0<0

1 2 0<0

1J 20 0<0

20 2 0 065



Q=q .

C 1

C 2=0,085

l

s .

150 g

l

0,065 gl=196,15

l

s

+)/atos

P=3000 g

V =6 l

∆ t =10 seg

Muestra 0iem,o Concent,

[Nº] se() [mg/l]

1 0 82 10 8

3 20 9

4 0 9

5 40 9

6 0 10

7 0 13

8 0 37



0 2 0 4 0 G 0 I 0 1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 G 0

1 I 0

00

1001020020000400Aforo '%imicoin*eccion instantanea)

0iem,os)

Concentracion m(3)

L+ "#$"e$'.+"*$ =!#+! (e !+ e""*$ (e /&e'.e# e6

C 2=∑i=1

n

C 2 i=1192 mg

l

E! "+&(+! +5#.+(# e6

Q= P

∆ t .∑C 2 i

= 3000000mg

10s .1192 mg

l

=251,67 l

s



QCD=a . QSC b

A!*"+$(# !#=+.*'/#6QCD=¿ lna+b . lnQ SC

ln ¿

E'+ e !+ e"&+"*$ (e &$+ .e"'+6 Y = A+ . !

D#$(e6

=∑i=1

n

( ! i . Y i )−(n . ´ ! . Y )

∑i=1

n

( ! i )2− (n . ´ ! 2 )

A=Y − . ´ !

Donde:{´ ! =

1

n.∑ ln QSC =0,61

Y =1

n .∑ ln QCD=0,19

n=114



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)a)

N° orden mes/año caudales

caudales

clasificados

Probabilida

d

36 S.87 21,54 712,00 0,000

35 Oct 35,79 391,00 0,028

34 Nov 49,30 357,00 0,056

33 Dic 83,61 335,00 0,083

32 Ene 107,68 320,00 0,111

31 Feb 210,09 319,00 0,139

30 Mar 31,88 235,00 0,167

29 Abr 77,91 191,00 0,194

28 Ma 184,75 175,00 0,222

27 !"n 16,47 167,00 0,250

26 !"# 16,79 140,00 0,278

25 A$o 24,60 0,027 122,00 0,306

24 S.88 35,37 110,00 0,333

23 Oct 51,31 107,00 0,361

22 Nov 75,38 102,00 0,389

21 Dic 147,80 79,20 0,417

20 Ene 453,95 73,80 0,444

19 Feb 665,09 71,40 0,472

18 Mar 376,89 56,90 0,500

17 Abr 316,71 52,00 0,528

16 Ma 201,64 50,30 0,556

15 !"n 112,96 48,60 0,583

14 !"# 28,50 46,70 0,611

13 A 23 65 0 079 41 60 0 639



0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.00

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

%&'( ) 414.69 e'*& +3.52 ' (

C%r=a Ca%daes Casi>cados

robabi#i-a- -e e'ce-encia

a"-a#e/

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

C%r=a cronoo(ica de ca%daes



Se "#$"!&,e &e e! "+&(+! e &"*e$'e +.+ e! "#$&/# 7&/+$#3

c) E! "+&(+! =+.+$'*@+(# +.+ +"'**(+(e +=.;"#!+ e6

P.#+*!*(+( ? 030 "=414.6 e−3.52 #

Q=35,28 m

3

s

E! "+&(+! =+.+$'*@+(# +.+ =e$e.+"*$ e!)"'.*"+ e6

P.#+*!*(+( ? 030 "=414.6 e−3.52 #

Q=71,33

m3

s

E! "+&(+! e?"e(e$'e +.+ .*e=#6

Qe#$.&iego=Qap .70−Qap .50−15

m3

s =35,28

m3

s −71,33

m3

s −15

m3

s

Qe#$.&iego=−51,05m

3

s

<) M"todo de Mannin(8Stri?er o de secci&n ,endiente



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C#/# C e (*'*$'# (e 06

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4 41<11 2,533 +0,181 +0,006

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J 1<4 2,520 +0,194 +0,007

10 <2 2,731 0,017 0,000

11 <2 2,551 +0,163 +0,004

12 <42 2,745 0,031 0,000

1 4<02 2,659 +0,055 0,000

14 1< 2,827 0,113 0,001

1 2<J 2,722 0,008 0,000

2 886 0 172 0 005



logQ=Qlog+* T . Qlog

log Q=2,714+3,33.0,137=3,17

Q1000=103,17=1479,11

m3

s

L+ .#+*!*(+( (e #"&..e$"*+ (e! /*/# e6

P=1

T

= 1

1000

=0,001

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4) M"todo de do+e Masa o ac%m%aci&n#AH

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