Tower crane

WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATIONFARID AFFENDY B. MOHD. FAIZAL

MOHD. SHAZWAN B. SHERIDAN

MUHAMMAD RUZAINI B. M. HARON

YESSI FAUZIAH BT. MARWAN

MDM. ROSNAH BT. ABD. RAHMAN (OSH 2213)

INTRODUCTION : TOWER CRANE

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY (OSH 2213)

Tower cranes often give the best

COMBINATION of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings.

The construction crew uses the tower

crane to LIFT MATERIALS such as steel, concrete, large tools and generators.

Tower CRANE is a jib or boom crane mounted on a tower structure, demountable or permanent, including both horizontal and luffing jib types.

Tower cranes are commonly employed in

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY for the movement of materials .

INTRODUCTION : TYPES OF TOWER CRANE


Luffing Jib Tower Crane

Hammerhead Tower Crane

Self-Erecting Tower Cranes

INTRODUCTION : ERECTION OF TOWER CRANE


TOWER CRANE : COMPARTMENT




COMPARTMENT

FUNCTION

Base Bolted to a large concrete pad that supports the crane

Mast (tower) Connected to the baseGive the tower crane its height

Operator’s cab Cab at the top of the tower from which the operator manipulates the crane.

Counter jib Metal lattice that supports the ballast.

Counter jib ballast Concrete mass attached to the counter jib to balance the weight of the jib and its load.



COMPARTMENT

FUNCTION

Main winch / motors

Provide means to lifts the load, along with the control electronics that drive it.

Jib tie Metal cable that distributes the tension.

Crane runaway Girders along and under which the trolley runs.

Jib Metal lattice that pivots on the tower and lifts and extends the hoisting system.

Hoisting rope

Durable cable of variable length for manipulating loads.

Hoisting block

System of pulleys that work with the trolley pulley to improve leverage to lift heavy loads.

TOWER CRANE : HAZARDS


HAZARDS ACTIVITY

Fall from height Carrying out inspectionMaintenanceWorking from suspended platforms

Slip, trips and falls Carrying heavy or bulky loads on wet ground.

Falling object During carrying and moving loads

Electrocuted Defective installations and equipment

Lighting Strike Working during rough weather

Heat Stress Exposed to strong sunlight

TOWER CRANE :


BASIC PROCEDURE

Plan and prepare for lifting

Conduct pre-operational routine checks

Conduct post start up checks

Maneuver crane

Perform the lift

Shut down and secure crane

TOWER CRANE : BASIC PROCEDURE


Plan and prepare for lifting

Site specific work instructions

•Supervisor brief to crane operator, slinger, signaller and who involve with crane work regarding job task. (load and where to move?)

Identify site specific hazards

•Crane will not be operated in unsafe condition.•Eg; high voltage lines, excessive temp. , pedestrian traffic.

Safety requirements

•Safety Helmet – falling object•Puncture resistant gloves•Safety glasses

Appropriate Load •The weight of the load is correctly estimated in consultation with associated personnel.



Conduct pre-operational routine checks

Prior to operation, equipment and site area

•Operator verify path/direction of crane travel is free from debris/stored equipment and walk the path before load is engaged.

Ground/base has been certified

•Authorized personal will inspect the base of crane and certified if it safe.

Counterweights/outriggers and stabilizers

•Balance with the load (consult by s/visor)•Average tower crane – 20 Tons if load 18 Tons according to verified load plan.

Routine pre-operational equipment checks

•Lifting accessories must be safe & thoroughly examined by a competent person every 6 months.



Conduct post start up checks

Operating radius is clear of obstruction

•Signaller - relaying the signal from the slinger to the crane operator.

•Directing the safe movement of the crane.

Attachments, movements and control functions

•Lifting beams•Telescoping coil grabs•Automatic ingot•Magneting lifiting devices•Slab tongs

The operating, emergency controls and safety devices

•Operating and emergency controls and safety devices are located and identified

•Correct operation tested in accordance with prescribed procedures.

Defects and damage are reported

• Inspect slings, shackles, and ropes before and after use. Inform Supervisor.



Maneuver crane

Radius of loads •Radius is planned to minimize danger to people and facilities in accordance with the plan.

•Unbalanced load – unsafe – create additonal strain and stress on crane.

Crane Operators. •Ensure that people involved in any lifting operation are competent to carryout their work safely.

•Activities are co-ordinated with riggers/doggers



Perform the lift

Load characteristics

•Load well secured and properly balanced in the sling or lifting devices.

•Visible to the Crane’s operator

Traffic flow and work area conditions

•Signaller – aware particular care at cross aisles, doorways, and other location where pedestrians may step into the path of travel of the crane.

Crane controls and functions

•Test all operator pendant controls for safe operation.

Monitoring systems and alarms

•Sound a horn or warning signal – approaching potential high traffic areas.



Shut down and secure crane

•Crane is shut down •Crane will stop the operation once in order of supervisor.

•Only competence person is allowed.

Plant, tools and equipment are cleaned, checked, maintained and stored

• Authorized repair personnel is permitted to inspect and maintain according manufacturer’s.

Work area has been cleared • Perform housekeeping within the path of travel of the crane.

The crane and equipment is correctly stowed and secured

• Proper storage and maintenance of all cables, chains, nylon ropes, slings and lifting devices

TOWER CRANE : ACCIDENT CASE• September 2011 - A tower crane fell

onto three residential houses in Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia

• Causing fatal to a Chinese man while his family suffer major injuries

• Minor damage to a nearby commercial building

• The tower crane was used on the site of a new 20 floor hotel on the opposite side of the street from the affected home,

• Failure of the crane's foundation and weather condition(strong wind)

TOWER CRANE : ACCIDENT CASE

• 3 February 2009 at about 3.00pm at a construction site, Ayer Keroh Melaka.

• Collision of two tower cranes of luffing and hammerhead types.

• During the incident, the luffing tower crane was lowering down concrete formwork structures into the transporter lorry while the hammerhead tower crane was slewing.

• Both cranes were operating adjacent to each other when part of their working radius and crane height overlapped with one another.

• Mainly caused by insufficient safety clearance distance for both cranes that led to the collision.

• Failure of the employer to consider the planning, management and traffic control of tower crane operation.

Tower crane

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