Towards the Goal of HCV Elimination: UCSF ECHONorah Terrault, MD Professor of Medicine and Surgery...

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9/12/2016 1 Towards the Goal of HCV Elimination: UCSF Project ECHO Norah Terrault, MD Professor of Medicine and Surgery University of California San Francisco Direct acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have been transformative NOW 3’UTR 5’UTR Core E1 E2 NS2 NS4B NS3 NS5A NS5B p 7 NS5B NUC Inhibitors NS3 Protease Inhibitors NS5A Replication Complex Inhibitors NS5B NonNUC Inhibitors (NNI) 4 A HCV

Transcript of Towards the Goal of HCV Elimination: UCSF ECHONorah Terrault, MD Professor of Medicine and Surgery...

Page 1: Towards the Goal of HCV Elimination: UCSF ECHONorah Terrault, MD Professor of Medicine and Surgery University of California San Francisco Direct acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have

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Towards the Goal of HCV Elimination: 

UCSF Project ECHO

Norah Terrault, MDProfessor of Medicine and Surgery

University of California San Francisco

Direct acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have been transformative 

NOW

3’UTR5’UTR Core E1 E2 NS2 NS4BNS3 NS5A NS5Bp 7

NS5BNUC 

Inhibitors

NS3Protease Inhibitors

NS5AReplication Complex Inhibitors

NS5BNon‐NUC Inhibitors (NNI)

4 A

HCV

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Treatment is EasyFor Most patients:

•Regimens of low complexity

•Monitoring simple

•Side effects infrequent and easily managed

•Finite treatment duration – typically 12 weeks, can be as little as 8 weeks

Also easy for providers:

• Decisions regarding selection of regimens is getting simpler

• Monitoring simple

• Side effects infrequent and easily managed

• Biggest hurdle: getting insurance approval!

ScreenScreen

•Baby boomers

•Risk factors

Confirmation of InfectionConfirmation of Infection

•HCV RNA testing 

Staging and Readiness of Treatment

Staging and Readiness of Treatment

• Fibrotest/Fibroscan

•Comorbidities

•Adherence

Prescribe HCV therapyPrescribe 

HCV therapy

•Authorization

•Monitoring

• Insure adherence

Cure

The Path to Cure:Multiple steps multiple opportunities to “get lost”

At least 750,000 Californians with chronic HCV need to successfully navigate this pathway

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The HCV Care Cascade in 2014: Biggest gap lies in screening>750,000 in California

& Disease Evaluated

Among Screened Patients

Bourgi K, et al. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0161241. 

CDC and USPSTOne time screening of all persons born 1945‐65

PLUS

CDC:Risk based screening: Illicit drug use History of blood transfusion prior to 

1990 Percutaneous exposures via 

injections/infusions Unprofessional tattoos Children of anti‐HCV positive mothers HIV positive MSM

Increasing Burden of Patients with Advanced Fibrosis Among Baby Boomers

• 1990 77.6% F0/1;  cirrhosis =5%

• 2010  41.8% F0/1; cirrhosis =25% 

• 2020  cirrhosis = 37.2%  (predicted cirrhosis peak 2010‐2030)

Davis GL, Gastroenterology. 2010;138:513‐521.

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Prevalence of HCV By Year of Birth 

NHANES Data, 1988–1994 and 1999–2002

• Anti‐HCV prevalence among persons born 1945–1965: 3.25%

– 5‐times higher than among adults born in other years

Armstrong GL, et al. Ann Internal Med. 2006;144:705‐714. 

HCV Screening of Birth Cohort Increased After CDC Call to Action; Screening Rate Fell in Non‐

Boomers

Smyth C, et al. Abstract 1447 AASLD 2014

Nationwide Medivo Lab Exchange Database 

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Surveillance of Acute HCV Infection ‐ 2013

Estimated 29,000 new HCV infections

150%  increase since 2010

28 of 34 states reported increases  

66% of cases reported from 12 states 

CA, FL, IN, KY, MA, MI, NJ, NY, 

NC, OH, PA, TN)

KY has highest rate

Case Rates  61% report IDU

Equal Male (0.8): Female (0.7)

Highest rate 

By age 20‐29 years (2.0)

By race American Indian (1.7) and whites (0 82)

2.5‐fold Increase in New HCV Infections in the US  Epidemic Among Young Heroin Users

Regional doubling of first time heroin users 3 of 4 had history of prescription opioid abuse 

MMWR 2015Suryaprasad AG, Clin Infect Dis 2014:15;59:1411-9

CDC. Viral Hepatitis Surveillance --- United States, 2013

• ≤30 years of age•White•Non‐urban 

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The HCV Care Cascade in 2016: Biggest gap lies in screening

Bourgi K, et al. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0161241. 

& Disease Evaluated

Among Screened Patients

Integrated Health System in Southeast Michigan 2014‐2015

Improving Access Among Those Who Screen Positive

Improve patient education 

Referral

Self-referral options

Low wait times

Point-of-Care testing

Expanding Provider Pool 

PA/NP

Telemedicine

Project ECHO

Eliminating Provider Bias

Education regarding risk/benefit

Increased treatment rates

Can J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jun;23(6):421‐4.

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• Project ECHO empowers front‐line primary care professionals to provide the right care, in the right place, at the right time

• “One to Many” – A proven model to significantly increase access to specialty care

• Hubs & Spokes ‐ ECHO links expert specialist teams at an academic ‘hub’with primary care providers in local communities – the ‘spokes’ of the model

ECHO HUBTeam of Specialists

Hepatologists, NP/PAs, Pharmacists, Psychiatrist, Addiction Medicine

ECHO SPOKESPrimary Care and Other Providers

PATIENT REACH

What is UCSF Project ECHO?(Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes)

[email protected]: 415‐353‐4994       Fx: 415‐353‐2562     400 Parnassus Ave., Ste. 331 San Francisco, CA 94143

The “Spokes”

N=52

20 California Counties

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HOW IT WORKSECHO clinic

ECHO clinics are held on the 1st and 3rd and 5th

Wednesdays of every month from 11:30am‐1:00pm. 

A 15‐20 minute didactic presentation at the beginning of each ECHO clinic. 

Case presentations are given by the Spokes.   Each case is discussed and treatment recommendations  are offered by the Hub panel. Cases are also presented for follow‐up.

Wrap up ‐ take home messages.

ZOOM ‐Video Teleconference (VTC) 

Didactics*

Key Areas:

Screening and diagnostics HCV natural history and anticipated 

complications HCV treatment algorithms Managing treatment‐related 

complications Treatment of special populations Chronic liver disease management Other concurrent liver diseases Alcohol Fatty liver  Iron overload

*CME credit offered

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• 1‐800 access to liver/treatment specialists for “between clinic”questions

ECHO SPOKES

Wrap‐Around Support for Spokes

HCV 101 introduction to HCV In‐Person Immersion         

held quarterly

UCSF HCV ECHO clinics

twice monthly 

Goal: Longitudinal Mentoring of Spokes 

HCV Voice

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ECHO HCV Provider Evaluation (≥5 clinics) 

1=novice5=expert

ECHO HCV Provider Evaluation (≥5 clinics) 1=novice ‐‐ 5=expert

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The HCV Care Cascade in 2016: 2nd biggest gap lies in getting treatment

Bourgi K, et al. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0161241. 

& Disease Evaluated

Among Screened Patients

Integrated Health System in Southeast Michigan 2014‐2015

50% of patients seeing HCV 

provider are not treated

Improvements in the Care Cascade

% HCV RNA test % Referred to HCV Specialist % Attended Appt % Started Treatment

(1) reflex testing of anti‐HCV‐positive samples for HCV RNA; (2) annotation of laboratory results recommending referral to specialist clinics;(3) educational programs for primary care physicians and nurses;(4) the establishment of needs‐driven community clinics in substance misuse services.

Howes N, Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Jan 6;3(1):ofv218.

%

~50% drop off 

WHY? 

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Barriers to Treatment

Contraindications

Adherence

Undervalued Physicians

Payers

Patients

Access

Contraindications Were Frequent Reason for Lack of Treatment in Interferon Era

Kramer JR, et al. J Hepatol. 2012;56(2):320‐325. 

Type ofComorbidity

Comorbid Condition

% Ever with Diagnosis * 

Medical  HTN 63%

Diabetes 26%

Cirrhosis  12%

HIV 4%

Psychiatric Depression 56%

Anxiety 33%

PTSD 26%

Bipolar 12%

Schizophrenia 10%

Substance Abuse

Alcohol Use 55%

Illicit Drug Use 39%

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C‐EDGE CO‐STAR: Efficacy of EBV/GZR for 12 Wks in Persons Who Inject Drugs on Opioid Agonist Therapy

Data demonstrate support for treating HCV among subjects receiving Opiate Agonist Therapy

5 patients reinfected different viral detected at time of relapse based on phylogenetic analysis (PW8)

Dore G, Ann Intern Med. 2016 Aug 9.

Efficacy of DAA Therapy in Persons Who Inject Drugs on Opioid Agonist Therapy

Urine Drug Screens During Treatment

Despite drug use during treatment,96.5% of patients missed ≤3 doses of therapy over 12 wks

Dore G, Ann Intern Med. 2016 Aug 9.

C‐EDGE CO‐STAREBR/GZP X 12 wks

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Treating All Stages of Disease is Cost‐Effective and Averts Liver Complications

Initiating LDV / SOF treatment in F0-F1 or F2 as opposed to F3-F4 results in substantial savings per successfully treated patient (cost per SVR) and in lifetime costs.

COST PER SVR LIFETIME COSTS

Chahal HS, JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:65‐73 

Younossi ZM , APT, 2016

Restricted Access to HCV Drugs is Barrier in HCV Care Cascade

Do A, PLoS One 2015;10:e0135645

Cirrhosis 21.6%Decompensated cirrhosis 7.7%Liver transplant 17.7%

Initial Rates of Un‐approved by Disease Status

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HOW IT WORKSECHO clinic

Pharmacist: Key to ECHO Team

List of what the insurers “preferred” HCV drugs are

Check lists of what is needed for prior authorization

Template language for appeals

Knowing eligibility for PAP (patient assistance programs)

Experts on drug‐drug interactions (and best web‐sites to use)

Next Steps in HCV Elimination

Identify, train and supportHCV providers in every California county, urban and rural

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Summary HCV can be eliminated – goal is to do so by 2030

Many barriers along the cascade of care but screening is a major one

Some urgency in undertaking screening of baby boomers

Access to knowledgeable experts in HCV care is another barrier

UCSF HCV ECHO is building a community of HCV experts who can provide high quality care “locally”

Barriers to treatment remain but are diminishing

Few contraindications and adherence is high 

Treatment is cost‐effective across stages of disease

Authorization is time‐consuming – find ways to streamline

Be the HCV Champion in Your Practice, Your Community, Your County!

It  is a great opportunity to 

grow as a provider – acquire new knowledge 

and skills

HCV therapy saves lives –your patients need you to be an expert!

The UCSF ECHO team is really keen to support you in your care of patients!

It yields improved efficiency in 

managing HCV patients, including 

medication authorization

[email protected]