Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una política de competitividad...

8/1/2019 Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una poltica de competitividad industrial sostenible(Ing)/ Iraunkorra den lehiakortasun industri

1/98

AMYZC@K%AC%KIYZI! 36%39-


2/98

^meec`ri

Vm|crf~

^y~vc`kcbai

@kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~

Xma`np

@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~

mj @kfy~vrp Nmyknà Xcrv @

Likirc jrcei|mro

3+

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai


xma`np

@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~ mj@kfy~vrp

Xcrv @@ C

ÊI~! @kkmzcv`mk ckf Lrm|vd

2+

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai


xma`np

@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~ mj

@kfy~vrp

Xcrv @@ B

Vrck~jmrecv`mk ckf Ri~myrni%

`kvik~`zi @kfy~vrì~

>+


3/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v ziki~~ Xma`np

@~~yi~ xcxir vm IY E`k`~vir~ mj @kfy~vrp Nmyknà

Xcrv @

Likirca jrcei|mro

Naìkv7 E`k`~vri fi a,Inmkmeì! fi~ XEI! fy Nmeeirni

itvrìyr iv fi~ Vindkmamlì~ kmyziaai~ fy Lmyzirkieikv

\caamk

INMRP^ Bry~~ia~ KZ `k xcrvkir~d`x |`vd @FIC Nmk~yav KZ

Bry~~ia~! 34vd

Gyki 2838


4/98

INMRP^ Bry~~ia~ KZ

Ryi Gm~ixd @@! 0%3>

3888 Bry~~ia~

Bial`ye

V />2 $82 4060

J />2 $82 2%8699686996


5/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 9

Vcbai mj nmkvikv~

Xrijcni Ykfirap`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~

xma`np 34

3+6 Vm|crf~ ck myva`ki jrcei|mro jmr ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~

Xma`np 23

3+6+3 @kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vrck~jmrecv`mk 23

3+6+2 Iaieikv~ mj ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np 29

3+9 Oip ei~~cli~ 24

Ckkit7 IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np7 bcnolrmykf! ykfirap`kl `~~yi~ ckf oip nmknixv~ >3

3+3 @kvrmfynv`mk >3

3+2 Maf zir~y~ ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np >3

3+> Vdi ~nmxi mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np >>

3+6 Xma`np jmr `kfy~vrp mr xma`np jmr ikvirxr`~i= 63

3+9 @kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~ 6>

3+: @kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv 64

3+


6/98


7/98


^y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np7nmkvitv! ndcaaikli~ ckf jyvyri f`rinv`mk~+

3+3 @kvrmfynv`mk

@k 288

xma`np3 c~ ~iv myv `k vdi 2889 Nmeeyk`ncv`mk mk ck `kvilrcvif cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`caxma`np

2

`v |c~ cbai vm xm`kv vm rcvdir bik`lk nmkf`v`mk~ ykfir |d`nd `k likirca!

`kfy~vrp `~ dicavdp ckf fpkce`n! nmkvr`byv`kl ~yb~vckv`caap vm lrm|vd ckf gmb~ `k vdi

Nmeeyk`vp+ Jcvijyaap! vdi ~yb~isyikv j`kckn`ca ckf inmkme`n nr`~`~ dc~ dcf c frcecv`n

èxcnv mk Iyrmxick `kfy~vrp! |`vd `kfy~vr`ca myvxyv jcaa`kl bp crmykf mki%j`jvd ckf

iexampeikv `k eckyjcnvyr`kl finric~`kl bp crmykf vik xirnikv+ \dài vdiri cri

nyrrikvap ~`lk~ mj èxrmzieikv `k vdi inmkme`n ~`vycv`mk! vdi xrm~xinv~ jmr c rivyrk vm

~y~vc`kif lrm|vd riec`k jrclài! kmv aic~v fyi vm vdi xmmr ~vcvi mj xyba`n j`kckni~ vdcv dc~

caricfp aif vm ecgmr xrmbaie~ `k Lriini ckf ~vàa vdricvik~ mvdir Eiebir ^vcvi~+

Mki jicvyri mj rinikv izikv~ dc~ biik vdi rcx`f vrck~e`~~`mk mj xrmbaie~ cnrm~~ f`jjirikv

cric~ mj vdi inmkmep! jyrvdir rizica`kl vdi itvikv ckf fixvd mj `kvirfixikfikni vdcv `~

`kdirikv `k inmkme`n lambca`~cv`mk+ \dcv bilck c~ c dmei%amck~ nr`~`~ `k vdi Y^ sy`noap

~xricf vm vdi j`kckn`ca ~invmr `k Iyrmxi+ @k vyrk! c~ nrif`v ecroiv~ |iri ~syiiwif ckf

by~`ki~~ ckf nmk~yeir nmkj`fikni jiaa! vdi rica inmkmep ~ayexif+ \`vd inmkme`n

lrm|vd ~vcaaif! vdi rixirny~~`mk~ dczi ~xricf jrme vdi xr`zcvi vm vdi xyba`n ~invmr+ \dài

xma`np ecoir~ cxxicr vm dczi biik ncyldv mjj%lycrf bp vdi ~xiif mj vrck~e`~~`mk mj vdi

nr`~`~! vdip dczi ca~m jmykf vdie~iazi~ acrliap èxmvikv |dik vrp`kl vm dcav `v~ ~xricf+ Cv

vdi ~cei vèi! `v dc~ xrmzif bipmkf vdi ncxcn`vp mj `kf`z`fyca nmykvrì~ vm ri~xmkf

ijjinv`ziap vm vdi nr`~`~! d`lda`ldv`kl vdi kiif jmr nmmrf`kcvif ~yxrc%kcv`mkca ri~xmk~i~!

kmv gy~v cv c Iyrmxick aizia byv ca~m cv c brmcfir `kvirkcv`mkca $lambca) ~ncai+

\dài lambca`~cv`mk! vmlivdir |`vd eckp mj vdi mvdir ykfirap`kl amkl%vire ndcaaikli~

jcn`kl ~mnìvp $i+l+ ikz`rmkeikv ckf xri~~yri mk ri~myrni~! vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv!

fiemlrcxd`n ndckli) cri |iaa rinmlk`~if! vdi j`kckn`ca ckf inmkme`n nr`~`~ dc~ ~irzif vm

fr`zi dmei vdi rica`vp mj vd`~ ~`vycv`mk+ Nirvc`kap! ~ynd c zì| cxxicr~ vm ykfiraì vdi

itxa`n`v cxxica nmkvc`kif `k vdi Xrijcni vm vdi Nmee`~~`mk~ IY2828 ^vrcvilp>

3 NME$288


8/98


vm `k~và c ~ik~i mj yrliknp jmr vdi fiziamxeikv mj xma`nì~ kini~~crp vm fia`zir ~ecrv!

~y~vc`kcbai ckf `knay~`zi lrm|vd! vdi ^vrcvilp `~ ca~m ncrrìf bp ck ykfirnyrrikv mj

~ikvèikv vdcv cndìz`kl vdi kini~~crp vrck~jmrecv`mk mj vdi Iyrmxick inmkmep |àa

risy`ri cnv`mk~ bmvd bp xma`np ecoir~! vdi xr`zcvi ~invmr ckf n`v`wik~ vdcv lm bipmkf`knrieikvca cfgy~veikv~ ckf v`koir`kl |`vd nmkzikv`mkca xrcnv`ni~+

@k myva`k`kl vdi ~nmxi mj vdi Jacl~d`x @k`v`cv`zi jmr Ck `kfy~vr`ca xma`np jmr vdi

lambca`~cv`mk irc $~ii Bmt 8+3)! vdi IY2828 ^vrcvilp ~iv~ myv vdi Nmee`~~`mk~

ceb`v`mk `k nmaacbmrcv`mk |`vd ~vcoidmafir~ vm fiziamx c jrcei|mro jmr c emfirk

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ Vdi Nmee`~~`mk |àa vdirivm `~~yi c ki| Nmeeyk`ncv`mk mk `kfy~vr`ca

xma`np `k vdi cyvyek mj 2838+

Cè mj vdi~i xcxir~7 c brmcfir rijainv`mk mk vdi amklir vire kiif~ vm nmeb`ki

~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv |`vd `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np

L`zik vdi jmrvdnme`kl Nmeeyk`ncv`mk! `v `~ ck mxxmrvyki emeikv vm izcaycvi |divdir

vdi nyrrikv IY%aizia cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf vdi cxxrmcndi~ xyr~yif cv kcv`mkca

ckf ~yb%kcv`mkca aizia~ bp Eiebir ^vcvi~ cri bmvd cfisycviap ca`lkif ckf ~yjj`nìkv vm

eiiv nyrrikv ckf jyvyri ndcaaikli~+ Cv vdi ~cei vèi! |dài xma`np xr`mr`vì~ mzir vdi

rinikv xc~v dczi acrliap biik fivire`kif bp vdi kiif vm ri~xmkf vm vdi èxcnv mj vdi

inmkme`n ckf j`kckn`ca nr`~`~! `v `~ xirdcx~ ca~m c emeikv vm vcoi c ~vix bcno jrme

èeif`cvi nmknirk~ `k mrfir vm `fikv`jp ~mei mj vdi oip `~~yi~ vdcv |àa kiif vm bi

cffri~~if bp c emfirk `kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ @k vd`~ ri~xinv! vdiri cri ~mei jykfceikvca

syi~v`mk~ vm bi c~oif cbmyv vdi amkl%vire mbginv`zi~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! vdi ndckli~

|`vd`k `kfy~vrp ckf vdi ~yxxmrv`kl by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv ~iik c~ kini~~crp vm fia`zir

inmkme`n lrm|vd ckf ~inyri gmb~! ckf vdi nmkvr`byv`mk~ vdcv nck bi ecfi bp xyba`n xma`npvm jcnà`vcvi vdi ~ynni~~jya vrck~jmrecv`mk mj `kfy~vrp vm eiiv vdi ndcaaikli~ mj vdi jyvyri+

\dài `v `~ xm~~`bai vm `fikv`jp c dm~v mj ndcaaikli~ jcn`kl IY `kfy~vrp ckf Iyrmxick

~mnìvp c~ c |dmai! `v `~ iz`fikv vdcv nikvrca cemkl vdi~i cri vdi ndcaaikli~ ri~yav`kl jrme

vdi xri~~yri~ nricvif bp inmkme`n fiziamxeikv jrme amnca vm lambca aizia~ mk vdi

ikz`rmkeikv! mk ikirlp nmk~yexv`mk ckf mk ri~myrni yvà`~cv`mk+ Vdi crv`nyacv`mk

biv|iik ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv ckf `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ `kiz`vcbai lm`kl vm bi

cemkl vdi nikvrca vdiei~ ckf em~v aòiap vdi ec`k mzircrnd`kl vdiei jmr jyvyri

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ @v `~ jmr vd`~ ric~mk vdcv |i dczi ndm~ik vdi acbia mj ^y~vc`kcbai

@kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np vm ikncx~yacvi c ki| $mr emfirk) cxxrmcnd vm

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ \i nmk~`fir vdcv vdi xrècrp rmai mj ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `~ vm jcnà`vcvi vdi cfcxvcv`mk ckf vrck~jmrecv`mk mj `kfy~vrp |dài

nmkvr`byv`kl vm cndìz`kl $ckf ec`kvc`k`kl) vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vrp `k cnnmrfckni

|`vd ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~6

+

Vdi v|m xcxir~ vdcv cnnmexckp vd`~ j`r~v `kvrmfynvmrp xcxir vcoi jmr|crf vdi `fic mj

~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `k vdi nmkvitv mj vdi ~xin`j`n vdiei~ mj

ÊI~! `kkmzcv`mk ckf lrm|vd $Xcrv @@C) ckf Vrck~jmrecv`mk ckf ri~myrni%`kvik~`zi

6Kcrrm|ap fij`ki~! vdi~i mbginv`zi~ èxap vdcv nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ~dmyaf bi cndìzif |dài y~`kl ri~myrni~ $`knayf`kl ikirlp `k

ck ijj`nìkv ckf ~y~vc`kcbai |cp |dài e`kè`~`kl kilcv`zi ikz`rmkeikvca èxcnv~+ Emri brmcfap! nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ~dmyaf

bi cndìzif |dài ri~xinv`kl brmcfir ~mn`ca |iajcri mbginv`zi~! ~ynd c~ ~mn`ca isy`vp ckf nmdi~`mk+ Jmr jyrvdir f`~ny~~`mk!

~ii înv`mk 3+)+ C~ bcnolrmykf vm vdi nyrrikv IY

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np ikz`rmkeikv ckf! dmxijyaap! vm xrmz`fi ~mei nacr`vp rilcrf`kl oipnmknixv~ riacvif vm `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf ~y~vc`kcbà`vp! vdi Ckkit vm vd`~ xcxir

xrmz`fi~ c fi~nr`xv`mk mj vdi nyrrikv ~vcvy~ mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np c~ fiziamxif mzir vdi

ac~v fincfi mr ~m+ Jyrvdir `v vrì~ vm myva`ki ~mei mj vdi ec`k `~~yi~ riacv`kl vm vdi ~nmxi

ckf nmkvikv mj nyrrikv `kfy~vr`ca xma`np eic~yri~+

@k vd`~ xri~ikv xcxir! |i |àa cvviexv vm ~iv `k c brmcfir ckf emri likirca nmkvitv ~mei

mj vdi oip `~~yi~ vdcv |i nmk~`fir ~dmyaf mr cv aic~v nmyaf bi cffri~~if bp ck IY

^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+ @k vd`~ rilcrf! vdi jmaam|`kl ~yb%~inv`mk

ammo~ cv ~mei mj vdi èxa`ncv`mk~ mj vindkmamlp%fr`zik fiziamxeikv~ jmr vdi itvirkca

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp+ \dài jcr jrme nmexridik~`zi! vdi xyrxm~i `~ vm

àay~vrcvi ~mei mj vdi jcnvmr~ aicf`kl vm ndckli~ `k lambca nmexiv`v`mk ckf

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vdcv |àa ~dcxi vdi jyvyri xma`np%~ivv`kl ikz`rmkeikv+

3+2 Vrcfi xirjmreckni! itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~! vindkmamlp ckf`kkmzcv`mk

@j itvirkca vrcfi xirjmreckni xrmz`fi~ c a`vey~ vitv jmr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf

vdi ijjinv`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vdik! cavdmyld IY `kfy~vrp dc~ biik ~iziriap d`v bp

vdi j`kckn`ca ckf inmkme`n nr`~`~! vdiri cri ~mei xm~`v`zi ~`lk~ vdcv vdi IY dc~ xirjmreif

riacv`ziap |iaa nmexcrif vm `v~ ec`k $cfzcknif inmkmep) nmexiv`vmr~? jmr itcexai! vdi

IY~ rinikv vrcfi xirjmreckni cxxicr~ ~mei|dcv bivvir vdck vdcv mj vdi Y^ ckf Gcxck 9

+\dài `v `~ vmm icrap vm frc| naicr nmknay~`mk! vd`~ ~ylli~v~ vdcv vdi mzircaa itvirkca

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp `~ ~vrmklir vdck ~mei ecp dczi xri~yeif+

@k vrp`kl vm ykfir~vckf vdi jcnvmr~ fr`z`kl vdi itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp! `v

`~ xirdcx~ `k~vrynv`zi vdcv izik vdmyld IY `kfy~vrp dc~ biik ndc~v`~if `k vdi xc~v jmr kmv

mnnyxp`kl c ~yjj`nìkvap ~vrmkl xm~`v`mk `k ~m%ncaaif d`ld%vind ~invmr~! `v `~ xrin`~iap

~invmr~ ~ynd c~ ~ie`%nmkfynvmr~ ckf iainvrmk`n nmexmkikv~! nmexyvir~! rcf`m ckf

viaiz`~`mk isy`xeikv! vdcv dczi xrmzif cemkl~v vdi em~v zyakircbai vm vdi nr`~`~ ckf!

emri ~vrynvyrcaap! vm vdi ndcaaikli mj ieirl`kl inmkmeì~+ Vdi cbà`vp mj ieirl`kl

inmkmeì~ vm xm~`v`mk vdie~iazi~ c~ ecgmr nmexiv`vmr~ `k ~m%ncaaif d`ld%vind ~invmr~

dc~ fiemk~vrcvif vdcv vdi `kvr`k~`n vindkmaml`nca aizia mj c ~invmr `~ kmv c ~dìaf clc`k~v

nmexiv`v`mk+ \i dczi ~iik! jmr itcexai! vdcv |dik ieirl`kl nmykvrp nmexiv`vmr~ dczi

biik cbai vm j`kckni vdi ecgmr ncx`vca myvacp~ risy`rif vm `kzi~v `k d`ld%vind xrmfynv`mk

jcnà`vì~ $i+l+ ~ie`%nmkfynvmr~) mr |diri vindkmamlì~ dczi biik cxxaìf vdrmyld

~vckfcrf`~if ckf rixiv`v`zi d`ld zmayei xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ $i+l+ nmk~yeir iainvrmk`n~)!

vdip dczi binmei ecgmr ckf `k eckp nc~i~ fme`kckv nmexiv`vmr~+

Itxackcv`mk~ mj vdi `knric~`kl xri~ikni mj ieirl`kl inmkmeì~ `k d`ld%vind ~invmr~ nck

bi a`koif vm vdi cnniaircv`kl ~xiif mj vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv ckf vindkmamlp

f`jjy~`mk+ C~ ki| vindkmamlì~ cri ~yxir~ifif bp izik ki|ir mki~ ckf nmexiv`vmr~ cri

9Iyrmxick Nmee`~~`mk $2838 IY Eckyjcnvyr`kl @kfy~vrp7 \dcv cri vdi ndcaaikli~ ckf Mxxmrvyk`vì~ jmr vdi Nme`kl Picr~

Fi~x`vi vdi inmkme`n

ckf j`kckn`ca nr`~`~! vdi

itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~

mj IY `kfy~vrp ecp bi

~vrmklir vdck xri~yeif

Vdi `kvr`k~`n

vindkmaml`nca aizia mj c

~invmr `~ kmv c ~dìaf

jrme nmexiv`v`mk jrme

ieirl`kl inmkmeì~


10/98


cbai vm cnni~~! rixa`ncvi ckf cxxap ki| vindkmamlì~! vdi ~xin`j`n nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli

vdcv vdip nmkjir f`~cxxicr~+ \dik vd`~ mnnyr~! vindkmamlì~ i~~ikv`caap binmei

nmeemf`v`~if ckf emri ~èàcr vm mvdir jcnvmr~ mj xrmfynv`mk |dm~i èxcnv mk

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ acrliap fivire`kif bp vdi`r nm~v ckf vdi ijj`nìknp mj vdi`r `kvilrcv`mk`k xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~+ @k vyrk! vd`~ rc`~i~ vdi xri~~yri vm ~d`jv xrmfynv`mk mj

nmeemf`v`~if vindkmamlì~ vm am| nm~v xrmfynv`mk amncv`mk~+ Diri |i nck ~ii vdi

èxmrvckni mj vdi rcx`f cfzckni~ vdcv dczi biik ecfi `k `kjmrecv`mk ckf nmeeyk`ncv`mk

vindkmamlì~ $@NV) vdcv dczi nmk~`fircbap `knric~if vindkmaml`nca embà`vp:

+ Vdy~! |dài

fiziamxeikv~ `k @NV dczi itxckfif vdi xm~~`bà`vì~ jmr nricv`kl nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli

vdrmyld ki| vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv~ ckf `kkmzcv`mk! `v rixri~ikv~ ~meivd`kl mj c

fmybai iflif ~|mrf vdcv nck ~èyavckimy~ap dc~vik vdi fie`~i mj ~xin`j`n vindkmamlp%

bc~if mr! emri brmcfap okm|aifli%bc~if nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli~+

Jmaam|`kl jrme vdi cbmzi! |i dczi ~iik vdcv fiziamxeikv~ `k @NV! |d`nd dczi ri~yavif

`k rcx`fap jcaa`kl nmeeyk`ncv`mk ckf nmmrf`kcv`mk nm~v~ jmr by~`ki~~i~! dczi xrmjmykfap

cavirif vdi lambca mrlck`~cv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk jmr `kfy~vr`ca ckf ~irz`ni cnv`z`vì~ caòi+ Kmv

aic~v! vdip dczi jcnà`vcvif vdi jrcleikvcv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~! bmvd `k vire~ mj

zirv`nca ~ileikvcv`mk |`vd`k zcayi ndc`k~ ckf vdi`r limlrcxd`nca f`~vr`byv`mk+ Vdi èxcnv~

mk nmexiv`v`mk dczi mjvik xrmzif nmexait! ykxrif`nvcbai! ckf ri~yavif `k ~yffik ndckli~

mj `k vdi riacv`zi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj nmykvrì~ ckf ril`mk~) jmr Gcxck+ Emrimzir! |dài ~mei 6:) mj IY

itxmrv~ cri ncvilmr`~if c~ yx%ecroiv! vdi nmrri~xmkf`kl xrmxmrv`mk~ jmr vdi Y^ ckf Gcxck cri mkap >9) ckf >4)+

Vdiri `~ emri vdck

~èxap iknmyrcl`kl

,br`ldv `kkmzcvmr~, ckf

,pmykl `kkmzcvì d`ld%

vind ÊI~,

@kvckl`bai jcnvmr~

`knric~`klap ykfirx`k vdi

cbà`vp mj j`re~ vm

f`jjirikv`cvi vdie~iazi~

jrme vdi`r nmexiv`vmr~


12/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 3>

Vd`~ xm`kv~ vm vdi èxmrvckni jmr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj c brmcfap%bc~if by~`ki~~

v`~~yi cbai vm xrmz`fi bmvd vdi kini~~crp vindkmaml`nca `kxyv~ ckf c jyaa rckli mj

~yxxmrv`kl nmexivikni~+ Vd`~ nck bi riacvif vm `kvrc ckf `kvir%`kfy~vrp a`kocli~ $i+l+ vdi

bricfvd ckf fixvd mj vdi vindkmaml`nca ckf `kfy~vr`ca bc~i) ckf c~ eckp mj vdi risy`rifnmexivikni~ cri emri nam~iap riacvif vm ~irz`ni cnv`z`vì~ c~ mxxm~if vm `kfy~vr`ca

xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ vdi ~vriklvd mj `kvir%a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vrp ckf $by~`ki~~%

riacvif) ~irz`ni~33

Vdi vrcf`v`mkca zì| vdcv vricv~ `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ c~ dmemlikimy~! `kfixikfikv ckf kcv`mkca vdy~ km

amklir ~iie~ vm bi ck cfisycvi bc~`~ jmr xma`np fiziamxeikv+ Itniaaikni cv caa aizia~ dc~ binmei

eynd emri èxmrvckv ckf `knric~`klap ~yxxaìr~ ckf `kkmzcv`mk xcrvkir~ jrme f`jjirikv ~invmr~!

ril`mk~ ckf |`vd nmexaieikvcrp nmexivikni~ cri kiifif

+ C~ xm`kvif vm rinikvap bp vdi Iyrmxick Nmee`~~`mk7

32

Vd`~ ~vcvieikv xm`kv~ vm vdi èxmrvckni mj ec`kvc`k`kl c f`zir~`jìf `kfy~vr`ca bc~i+ Cv

vdi ~cei vèi! vd`~ kiif kmv kini~~cràp bi ~iik `k vire~ mj vdi f`zir~`vp mj $vrcf`v`mkca)

`kfy~vrp ~invmr~ byv! rcvdir! mk vdi f`zir~`vp ckf ~xin`ca`~cv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca ckf

~yxxmrv`kl nmexivikni~+

Ammo`kl jmr|crf! vdi ndcaaikli~ vm vdi itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj IY `kfy~vrp nck bi

itxinvif vm `knric~i! bmvd `k vire~ mj vdi likirca eclk`vyfi mj xri~~yri~ mk `kfy~vrp ckf

`k vire~ mj `knric~`klap cjjinv`kl vdm~i `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ ckf cnv`z`vì~ |diri vdi IY

`kfy~vrp nyrrikvap ec`kvc`k~ c nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli+ @v |c~ ca|cp~ jc`rap xrif`nvcbai vdcv

lambca`~cv`mk |myaf ri`kjmrni vdi nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli~ mj ieirl`kl inmkmeì~ fir`zif

jrme am| xrmfynv`mk nm~v~ xcrv`nyacrap jmr acbmyr ckf vdcv vdip |myaf mnnyxp c ~vrmkl

xm~`v`mk `k am|%vindkmamlp ecroiv ~ileikv~+ Dm|izir! c~ dc~ biik ~iik! vdi ~invmr

~vriklvd~ ckf xm~`v`mk~ mj ieirl`kl inmkmeì~ `k mvdir ecroiv ~ileikv~ dc~ ~meivèi~biik jcr jrme xrif`nvcbà`vp ckf `~ aòiap vm binmei izik ai~~ mbz`my~ c~ vdi~i inmkmeì~

~iio vm emzi vm d`ldir zcayi%cffif ecroiv ~ileikv~+ C~ ieirl`kl inmkmeì~! ~ynd c~

Nd`kc! @kf`c mr Brcwà! `knric~i vdi`r m|k vindkmaml`nca ncxcbà`vì~! `v ecp binmei jcr

jrme iz`fikv vm `fikv`jp vdm~i `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`vì~ ckf ecroiv ~ileikv~ |diri vdip |àa

binmei èxmrvckv nmexiv`vmr~ `k vdi jyvyri+

Cv vdi ~cei vèi! vdi r`~i mj ieirl`kl inmkmeì~ |àa xm~i ~èàcr ndcaaikli~ jmr

`kfy~vrp `k mvdir cfzcknif inmkmeì~ c~ vdm~i vdcv jcni IY `kfy~vrp+ Emrimzir! |`vd

am| lrm|vd xrm~xinv~ jmr cfzcknif inmkmeì~ vdip |àa ca~m bi ammo`kl vm vcoi

cfzckvcli mj jc~vir lrm|vd ckf `knric~`kl ecroiv ~`wi `k ieirl`kl ril`mk~+ Mkni clc`k

vd`~ `~ aòiap vm `knric~i vdi xri~~yri mj nmexiv`v`mk `k `kvirkcv`mkca ecroiv~! `k xcrv`nyacr`k vdm~i yx%ecroiv ckf d`ld zcayi%cffif xrmfynv ~ileikv~ |diri IY `kfy~vrp `~

xri~ikv+ Mk vdi mki dckf! vd`~ |àa `knric~i vdi kiif jmr IY `kfy~vrp vm ec`kvc`k nm~v

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf xrmfynv`z`vp cv aizia~ vdcv ikcbai `v vm riec`k nmexiv`v`zi z`~%%z`~

vdi~i nmexiv`vmr~+ Mk vdi mvdir! `v nck bi itxinvif vm iexdc~`~i vdi èxmrvckni mj

vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv ckf `kkmzcv`mk c~ c ~myrni mj nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli+ Vdi

xrm~xinv vdcv vdi IY~ r`zca~ ecp ~vica vdi aicf `k cric~ mj vindkmamlp |diri IY `kfy~vrp

`~ nyrrikvap |iaa%xm~`v`mkif nckkmv bi f`~nmykvif! xcrv`nyacrap c~ vdip ca~m ~icrnd vm vcoi

cfzckvcli mj mxxmrvyk`vì~ `k xrm~xinv`zi lrm|vd ecroiv~+ Vd`~ ecp jyrvdir `knric~i vdi

33îi înv`mk 3+6+

32@b`f+ jmmvkmvi 9+

C brmcf%bc~if!

f`zir~`jìf ckf `kvir%

a`koif by~`ki~~ v`~~yi `~

èxmrvckv jmr `kfy~vr`ca

nmexiv`v`ziki~~

C~ ieirl`kl inmkmeì~

`knric~i vdi`r m|k

vindkmaml`nca ncxcbà`vì~

`v `~ ai~~ iz`fikv vm

`fikv`jp vdm~i cnv`z`vì~

ckf ecroiv ~ileikv~

|diri vdip |àa binmei

ecgmr nmexiv`vmr~

Nmexiv`v`mk jrme mvdir

cfzcknif inmkmeì~

nck bi itxinvif vm

iexdc~`~i vindkmaml`nca

fiziamxeikv ckf

`kkmzcv`mk c~ c ~myrni mj

nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli


13/98


xm~~`bà`vp mj ~d`jv~ `k riacv`zi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `k |cp~ vdcv cri f`jj`nyav vm jmri~ii! ckf

|d`nd ecp xrmzi emri ~yffik ckf ~meivèi~ bryvca vdck |c~ d`vdirvm vdi nc~i+

Vdi likirca ~nikcr`m caayfif vm cbmzi `~ rijainvif `k vdi IY2828 ^vrcvilp+ \dàiri`vircv`kl vdi èxmrvckni mj `kvirkcv`mkca vrcfi vm IY xrm~xir`vp! vdi IY2828 ^vrcvilp

xm`kv~ vm vdi kiif vm rc`~i xrmfynv`z`vp |dài iexdc~`~`kl vdi xmvikv`ca vdricv vm vdi IY~

aicfir~d`x `k mki ~xin`j`n vindkmaml`nca jìaf kceiap lriik ~mayv`mk~ vdcv ecp nmei

jrme nmexiv`vmr~ jrme bmvd cfzcknif ckf ieirl`kl inmkmeì~7

Vdi IY dc~ xrm~xirif vdrmyld vrcfi! itxmrv`kl rmykf vdi |mraf ckf èxmrv`kl `kxyv~ c~ |iaa c~

j`k`~dif lmmf~+ Jcnif |`vd `kvik~i xri~~yri mk itxmrv ecroiv~ ckf jmr c lrm|`kl rckli mj `kxyv~ |i

ey~v èxrmzi myr nmexiv`v`ziki~~ z`~%%z`~ myr ec`k vrcf`kl xcrvkir~ vdrmyld d`ldir xrmfynv`z`vp+ \i

|àa kiif vm cffri~~ riacv`zi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `k~`fi vdi Iyrm cric ckf `k vdi |`fir IY+ Vdi IY |c~

acrliap c j`r~v emzir `k lriik ~mayv`mk~! byv `v~ cfzckvcli `~ bi`kl ndcaaiklif bp oip nmexiv`vmr~!

kmvcbap Nd`kc ckf Kmrvd Ceir`nc+ Vdi IY ~dmyaf ec`kvc`k `v~ aicf `k vdi ecroiv jmr lriik

vindkmamlì~ c~ c eick~ mj ik~yr`kl ri~myrni ijj`nìknp vdrmyldmyv vdi inmkmep! |dài riemz`kl

bmvvaikino~ `k oip kiv|mro `kjrc~vrynvyri~! vdiribp bmm~v`kl myr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~+

Bmt 8+3 IY 2828 Jacl~d`x `k`v`cv`zi Ck `kfy~vr`ca xma`np jmr vdi lambca`~cv`mk irc

@kfy~vrp ckf i~xin`caap ÊI~ dczi biik d`v dcrf bp vdi inmkme`n nr`~`~ ckf caa ~invmr~ cri jcn`kl vdi

ndcaaikli~ mj lambca`~cv`mk ckf cfgy~v`kl vdi`r xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf xrmfynv~ vm c am|%ncrbmk inmkmep+

Vdi èxcnv mj vdi~i ndcaaikli~ |àa f`jjir jrme ~invmr vm ~invmr! ~mei ~invmr~ e`ldv dczi vm "ri`kzikv"

vdie~iazi~ byv jmr mvdir~ vdi~i ndcaaikli~ |àa xri~ikv ki| by~`ki~~ mxxmrvyk`vì~+ Vdi Nmee`~~`mk |àa |mro

nam~iap |`vd ~vcoidmafir~ `k f`jjirikv ~invmr~ $by~`ki~~! vrcfi yk`mk~! cncfie`n~! KLM~! nmk~yeir

mrlck`~cv`mk~ ckf |àa frc| yx c jrcei|mro jmr c emfirk `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! vm ~yxxmrv ikvrixrikiyr~d`x! vmly`fi ckf diax `kfy~vrp vm binmei j`v vm eiiv vdi~i ndcaaikli~! vm xrmemvi vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj Iyrmxi~

xrècrp! eckyjcnvyr`kl ckf ~irz`ni `kfy~vrì~ ckf diax vdie ~i`wi vdi mxxmrvyk`vì~ mj lambca`~cv`mk ckf mj vdi

lriik inmkmep+ Vdi jrcei|mro |àa cffri~~ caa iaieikv~ mj vdi `knric~`klap `kvirkcv`mkca zcayi ndc`k jrme

cnni~~ vm rc| ecvir`ca~ vm cjvir%~cai~ ~irz`ni+

Cv IY aizia! vdi Nmee`~~`mk |àa |mro7

Vm i~vcba`~d ck `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nricv`kl vdi bi~v ikz`rmkeikv vm ec`kvc`k ckf fiziamx c ~vrmkl!

nmexiv`v`zi ckf f`zir~`jìf `kfy~vr`ca bc~i `k Iyrmxi c~ |iaa c~ ~yxxmrv`kl vdi vrck~`v`mk mj eckyjcnvyr`kl

~invmr~ vm lricvir ikirlp ckf ri~myrni ijj`nìknp?

Vm fiziamx c dmr`wmkvca cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nmeb`k`kl f`jjirikv xma`np `k~vryeikv~ $i+l+

"~ecrv" rilyacv`mk! emfirk`~if xyba`n xrmnyrieikv! nmexiv`v`mk ryai~ ckf ~vckfcrf ~ivv`kl?

Vm èxrmzi vdi by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv! i~xin`caap jmr EI~! knayf`kl vdrmyld rifyn`kl vdi vrck~cnv`mknm~v~ mj fm`kl by~`ki~~ `k Iyrmxi! vdi xrmemv`mk mj nay~vir~ ckf èxrmz`kl cjjmrfcbai cnni~~ vm j`kckni?

Vm xrmemvi vdi ri~vrynvyr`kl mj ~invmr~ `k f`jj`nyavp vm|crf~ jyvyri mrìkvif cnv`z`vì~! `knayf`kl vdrmyld

sy`no rifixampeikv mj ~oàa~ vm ieirl`kl d`ld lrm|vd ~invmr~ ckf ecroiv~ ckf ~yxxmrv jrme vdi IY,~

~vcvi c`f~ rilèi ckf-mr vdi Lambca`~cv`mk Cfgy~veikv Jykf?

Vm xrmemvi vindkmamlì~ ckf xrmfynv`mk eivdmf~ vdcv rifyni kcvyrca ri~myrni y~i! ckf `knric~i

`kzi~veikv `k vdi IY,~ it`~v`kl kcvyrca c~~iv~?

Vm xrmemvi vdi `kvirkcv`mkca`~cv`mk mj ÊI~?

Vm ik~yri vdcvvrck~xmrv ckf aml`~v`n~ kiv|mro~ikcbai `kfy~vrp vdrmyldmyv vdi Yk`mk vm dczi

ijjinv`zi cnni~~ vm vdi ^`klai Ecroiv ckf vdi `kvirkcv`mkca ecroiv bipmkf?

Vm fiziamx ck ijjinv`zi ~xcni xma`np vm xrmz`fi vdi vmma~ vm cffri~~ ~mei mj vdi oip lambca ndcaaikli~

ckf `k xcrv`nyacr vm fia`zir Lcaàim ckf LEI^?

Vm ikdckni vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj vdi Iyrmxick vmyr`~e ~invmr?

Vm rizì| rilyacv`mk~ vm ~yxxmrv vdi vrck~`v`mkmj ~irz`ni ckf eckyjcnvyr`kl ~invmr~vm lricvir


14/98


15/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 3:

ri~myrni ijj`nìkv ckf naècvi ri~àìkv inmkmep bp 2898 |d`nd |àa caam| vdi IY vm cndìzi `v~

ie`~~`mk~ rifynv`mk ckf b`mf`zir~`vp vcrliv~? vd`~ `knayfi~ f`~c~vir xrizikv`mk ckf ri~xmk~i! dcrki~~`kl

vdi nmkvr`byv`mk mj nmdi~`mk! clr`nyavyrca! ryrca fiziamxeikv! ckf ecr`vèi xma`nì~ vm cffri~~ naècvi

ndckli! `k xcrv`nyacr vdrmyld cfcxvcv`mk eic~yri~ bc~if mk emri ijj`nìkv y~i mj ri~myrni~! |d`nd |àaca~m nmkvr`byvi vm èxrmz`kl lambca jmmf ~inyr`vp+

Cv kcv`mkca aizia! Eiebir ^vcvi~ |àa kiif7

Vm xdc~i myv ikz`rmkeikvcaap dcrejya ~yb~`fì~! aè`v`kl itnixv`mk~ vm ximxai |`vd ~mn`ca kiif~?

Vm fixamp ecroiv%bc~if `k~vryeikv~ ~ynd c~ j`~nca `knikv`zi~ ckf xrmnyrieikv vm cfcxv xrmfynv`mk

ckf nmk~yexv`mk eivdmf~?

Vm fiziamx ~ecrv! yxlrcfif ckf jyaap `kvirnmkkinvif vrck~xmrv ckf ikirlp `kjrc~vrynvyri~ ckf ecoi

jyaa y~i mj @NV?

Vm ik~yri c nmmrf`kcvif èxaieikvcv`mk mj `kjrc~vrynvyri xrmginv~! |`vd`k vdi IY Nmri kiv|mro! vdcv

nr`v`ncaap nmkvr`byvi vm vdi ijjinv`ziki~~ mj vdi mzircaa IY vrck~xmrv ~p~vie?

Vm jmny~ mk vdi yrbck fèik~`mk mj vrck~xmrv |diri eynd mj vdi nmkli~v`mk ckf ie`~~`mk~ cri

likircvif?

Vm y~i rilyacv`mk! byàf`kl xirjmreckni ~vckfcrf~ ckf ecroiv%bc~if `k~vryeikv~ ~ynd c~ vctcv`mk!

~yb~`fì~ ckf xrmnyrieikv vm rifyni ikirlp ckf ri~myrni y~i ckf y~i ~vrynvyrca jykf~ vm `kzi~v `k

ikirlp ijj`nìknp `k xyba`n byàf`kl~ ckf `k emri ijj`nìkv rinpna`kl?

^myrni7 NME$2838)2828

Bmt 8+> IY 2828 Jacl~d`x @k`v`cv`zi @kkmzcv`zi Yk`mk

Vdi cè mj vd`~ `~ vm ri%jmny~ R*F ckf `kkmzcv`mk xma`np mk vdi ndcaaikli~ jcn`kl myr ~mnìvp! ~ynd c~ naècvi

ndckli! ikirlp ckf ri~myrni ijj`nìknp! dicavd ckf fiemlrcxd`n ndckli+ Izirp a`ko ~dmyaf bi ~vriklvdikif

`k vdi `kkmzcv`mk ndc`k! jrme ,bayi ~op, ri~icrnd vm nmeeirn`ca`~cv`mk+

Cv IY aizia! vdi Nmee`~~`mk |àa |mro7

Vm nmexaivi vdi Iyrmxick Ri~icrnd Cric! vm fiziamx c ~vrcvil`n ri~icrnd clikfc jmny~if mk

ndcaaikli~ ~ynd c~ ikirlp ~inyr`vp! vrck~xmrv! naècvi ndckli ckf ri~myrni ijj`nìknp! dicavd ckf

cli`kl! ikz`rmkeikvcaap%jrìkfap xrmfynv`mk eivdmf~ ckf ackf eckclieikv! ckf vm ikdckni gm`kv

xrmlrcee`kl |`vd Eiebir ^vcvi~ ckf ril`mk~?

Vm èxrmzi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr by~`ki~~ vm `kkmzcvi $`+i+ nricvi vdi ~`klai IY Xcvikv ckf c

~xin`ca`~if Xcvikv Nmyrv! emfirk`~i vdi jrcei|mro mj nmxpr`ldv ckf vrcfiecro~! èxrmzi cnni~~ mj

ÊI~ vm @kviaainvyca Xrmxirvp Xrmvinv`mk! ~xiif yx ~ivv`kl mj `kvirmxircbai ~vckfcrf~? èxrmzi cnni~~ vm

ncx`vca ckf ecoi jyaa y~i mj fieckf ~`fi xma`nì~! i+l+ vdrmyld xyba`n xrmnyrieikv ckf ~ecrv rilyacv`mk?

Vm acyknd ,Iyrmxick @kkmzcv`mk Xcrvkir~d`x~, biv|iik vdi IY ckf kcv`mkca aizia~ vm ~xiif yx vdi

fiziamxeikv ckf fixampeikv mj vdi vindkmamlì~ kiifif vm eiiv vdi ndcaaikli~ `fikv`jìf+ Vdi j`r~v |àa

`knayfi7 ,byàf`kl vdi b`m%inmkmep bp 2828,! ,vdi oip ikcba`kl vindkmamlì~ vm ~dcxi Iyrmxi,~ kfy~vr`ca

jyvyri, ckf ,vindkmamlì~ vm caam| mafir ximxai vm a`zi `kfixikfikvap ckf bi cnv`zi `k ~mnìvp,?

Vm ~vriklvdik ckf jyrvdir fiziamx vdi rmai mj IY `k~vryeikv~ vm ~yxxmrv `kkmzcv`mk $i+l+ ~vrynvyrca

jykf~! ryrca fiziamxeikv jykf~! R*F jrcei|mro xrmlrceei! N@X! ÎV xack! `knayf`kl vdrmyld nam~ir

|mro |`vd vdi I@B ckf ~vricea`ki cfe`k`~vrcv`zi xrmnifyri~ vm jcnà`vcvi cnni~~ vm jykf`kl! xcrv`nyacrap jmr

ÊI~ ckf vm br`kl `k `kkmzcv`zi `knikv`zi eindck`~e~ a`koif vm vdi ncrbmk ecroiv! kceiap jmr jc~v%

emzir~?

Vm xrmemvi okm|aifli xcrvkir~d`x~ ckf ~vriklvdik a`ko~ biv|iik ifyncv`mk! by~`ki~~! ri~icrnd

ckf kkmzcv`mk! `knayf`kl vdrmyld vdi I@V! ckf vm xrmemvi ikvrixrikiyr~d`x bp ~yxxmrv`kl Pmykl

@kkmzcv`zi Nmexckì~+

Cv kcv`mkca aizia! Eiebir ^vcvi~ |àa kiif7

Vm rijmre kcv`mkca $ckf ril`mkca) R*F ckf `kkmzcv`mk ~p~vie~ vm jm~vir itniaaikni ckf ~ecrv~xin`ca`~cv`mk! ri`kjmrni nmmxircv`mk biv|iik yk`zir~`vì~! ri~icrnd ckf by~`ki~~! èxaieikv gm`kv

xrmlrcee`kl ckf ikdckni nrm~~%bmrfir nm%mxircv`mk `k cric~ |`vd IY zcayi cffif ckf cfgy~v kcv`mkca


16/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 3 Ykfirap`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np

Vdi xriz`my~ ~yb~inv`mk xrmz`fif ck mzirzì| mj c ji| mj vdi ndcaaikli~ jmr `kfy~vrp

cr`~`kl jrme vindkmamlp ckf lambca`~cv`mk! ckf vdi èxa`ncv`mk~ vdcv vdi~i ecp dczi jmr

xcvvirk~ mj `kvirkcv`mkca nmexiv`v`mk ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Xacn`kl vdi~i àay~vrcv`mk~ `k c

brmcfir nmkvitv! c kyebir mj ykfirap`kl vdiei~ vdcv ~dmyaf bi cffri~~if bp c emfirk

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np ecp bi `fikv`jìf+

@knric~`kl nmexait`vp ckf `kvirkcv`mkca`~cv`mk mj `kfy~vrp a`kocli~

Vdi jrcleikvcv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf zcayi ndc`k~! vdi `knric~`kl èxmrvckni mj

`kvckl`bai jcnvmr~ c~ fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~! ckf vdi kiif vm cnni~~ emri

nmexridik~`zi ckf nmexait ~iv~ mj xrmfynv`mk `kxyv~ cri caa jcnvmr~ nmkvr`byv`kl vm vdi

`knric~`kl nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vr`ca `kvir%a`kocli~ `knayf`kl kmv mkap eckyjcnvyr`kl%vpxi cnv`z`vì~ byv ca~m ~irz`ni jyknv`mk~+ Vd`~ dc~ c |`fi rckli mj èxa`ncv`mk~ `k vire~

mj `~~yi~ vm bi cffri~~if `k jmreyacv`kl ckf èxaieikv`kl c ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np7

Vdi kiif jmr c j`kir aizia mj ri~mayv`mk vdck vrcf`v`mkca nac~~`j`ncv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca

ckf ~irz`ni ~invmr~! |d`nd xire`v~ vm ammo `k~`fi vrcf`v`mkca kmv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca

~invmr~ ckf vm ykfir~vckf vdi fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vdi`r èxa`ncv`mk~ jmr

f`jjirikv `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`vì~+ Cv vdi ~cei vèi! vd`~ ~dmyaf ca~m ~yxxmrv vdi

fiziamxeikv mj c emri dma`~v`n x`nvyri vdcv vcoi~ cnnmykv mj vdi |`fi rckl`kl `kvir%

a`kocli~ vdcv `kjayikni `kfy~vrp xirjmreckni ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ I~~ikv`caap! vdi

`knric~`kl nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vr`ca zcayi ndc`k~ ncaa~ `kvm syi~v`mk vdi nmkv`kyif y~i

mj vrcf`v`mkca nac~~`j`ncv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca $ckf ~irz`ni) ~invmr~ c~ ck cxxrmxr`cvi bc~`~

jmr ckcap~`~ mj fiziamxeikv~ `k `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`vì~! xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf zcayi

ndc`k~+

Jmaam|`kl jrme vdi xriz`my~ xm`kv! vdi `knric~`kl rckli ckf nmexait`vp mj

nmexivikni~ ykfirap`kl vdi nricv`mk mj nmexiv`v`zi cfzckvcli~ |`vd`k `kfy~vrp

~ylli~v~ vdi kiif vm ~vriklvdik `kfy~vr`ca `kvir%a`kocli vdcv ricnd bipmkf vrcf`v`mkca

`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr ncvilmrì~ ckf limlrcxd`nca bmykfcrì~+ Vd`~ ~dmyaf nmzir kmv mkap

nac~~`nca xrmfynv`mk jcnvmr~ $i+l+ acbmyr! xdp~`nca ncx`vca! rc| ecvir`ca~ ckf

`kvireif`cvi lmmf~) ckf okm|aifli%bc~if `kxyv~ $i+l+ ri~icrnd ckf vindkmamlp

fiziamxeikv) byv ca~m vdi jyaa rckli mj ~yxxmrv`kl xrmfynv`mk cnv`z`vì~ ckf ~irz`ni~

vdcv nck xrmz`fi cff`v`mkca nmexivikni~ mr okm|%dm| jrme |d`nd nmexiv`v`zi

cfzckvcli~ ecp bi fir`zif+

Vdi jic~`bà`vp mj fi~`lk`kl ckf èxaieikv`kl ~invmr%bc~if xma`np cxxrmcndi~! cv

aic~v |diri vdi~i cri bc~if mk vrcf`v`mkca kmv`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~! ecp bi

brmyldv `kvm syi~v`mk bp vdi `knric~`klap nmexait `kvir%a`kocli~ mj `kfy~vr`ca

xrmfynv`mk ckf ~irz`ni cnv`z`vì~+ Vdi nmexait`vp mj `kvir%a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vr`ca

~invmr~ `knric~i~ vdi r`~o vdcv xma`nì~ f`rinvif vm|crf~ mki ~invmr ecp dczi

ykjmri~iik mr xirzir~i ijjinv~ `k mvdir ~invmr~! |diri ~ynd a`kocli~ cri kmv jyaap

ykfir~vmmf+ Mzircaa! `knric~if nmexait`vp ~ylli~v~ vdcv vdi myvnmei~ mj ~invmr%

~xin`j`n xma`np eic~yri~ binmei ai~~ xrif`nvcbai+

@knric~`kl nmexait`vp

ncaa~ jmr c j`kir ri~mayv`mk

mj `kfy~vr`ca ckcap~`~

Vdi f`zir~`vp mj

nmexivikni~

fivire`k`kl nmexiv`v`zi

cfzckvcli~ ncaa~ jmr

~vriklvdik`kl `kfy~vr`ca

a`kocli~ bipmkf

vrcf`v`mkca ~invmr

bmykfcrì~

@knric~if `kvir%a`kocli~

mj `kfy~vr`ca cnv`z`vì~

ecp rifyni xm~~`bà`vì~

vm èxaieikv ~invmr%

bc~if xma`nì~ ckf vdi`r

ijjinv`ziki~~


18/98


19/98


`kkmzcv`mk ckf `kvilrcvi c~~i~~eikv~ mj vdi èxa`ncv`mk~ jmr jyvyri vrcginvmrì~ mj

`kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~+

Vdi ~xiif |`vd |d`nd `kfy~vrì~ cri cbai vm ri~xmkf vm ~yffik ndckli~ `k nmexiv`v`mk

ckf fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ aòiap vm binmei `knric~`klap èxmrvckv+ Vd`~

èxaì~ vdcv xma`np jrcei|mro~ kiif vm ~yxxmrv vdi jait`bà`vp mj `kfy~vrp vm ricnv

rcx`f vm ~yffik ndckli~ ckf vm jcnà`vcvi vdi`r èxaieikvcv`mk mj vrck~jmrecv`mk

~vrcvilì~+ Cv vdi ~cei vèi! cfe`~~`mk mj vdi ykxrif`nvcbai kcvyri mj jcnvmr~ vdcv ecp

`kjayikni `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf yknirvc`kvp cbmyv vdi cnv`z`vì~ vdcv ecp bi

cjjinvif! èxap vdcv `v |àa bi f`jj`nyav jmr xma`np jrcei|mro~ vm vcrliv ~xin`j`n

zyakircbai ~invmr~ mr cnv`z`vì~ `k cfzckni+ Vd`~ ~ylli~v~ vdi kiif jmr `knric~if

cvvikv`mk vm likirca xma`nì~ vm ~yxxmrv `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk! rcvdir vdck ~iainv`zi

eic~yri~ vcrlivif vm|crf~ ~xin`j`n `kfy~vrp ~invmr~+

@k ck ikz`rmkeikv ndcrcnvir`~if bp rcx`f! ~yffik ckf ykxrif`nvcbai ndckli~ `k

by~`ki~~ nmkf`v`mk~ ckf nmexiv`v`mk! ikvirxr`~i~ ~vàa kiif vm fiziamx c amkl%vire

zì| c~ vdi bc~`~ jmr by~`ki~~ xackk`kl ckf `kzi~veikv fin`~`mk~+ @k vd`~ ri~xinv!

~vcbà`vp mr cv aic~v xrif`nvcbà`vp ckf vrck~xcriknp mj rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ cri

èxmrvckv+ Jrisyikv ndckli~ `k rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ itcnirbcvi xrmbaie~ mj

yknirvc`kvp ckf ykxrif`nvcbà`vp! |d`nd nck fiacp fin`~`mk~ vdcv ecp dczi èxmrvckv

èxa`ncv`mk~ jmr nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf ~am| fm|k xrmni~~i~ mj `kfy~vr`ca

vrck~jmrecv`mk+

@kfy~vr`ca xma`np lmzirkckni `k c lambca`~if |mraf

C~ |c~ kmvif `k vdi `kvrmfynv`mk vm vd`~ ndcxvir! vdi inmkme`n ckf j`kckn`ca nr`~`~

d`lda`ldvif vdi kiif jmr eyav`%aizia lmzirkckni cxxrmcndi~ vm inmkme`n $ckf `kfy~vr`ca)xma`np+ Emri likircaap! |i nck mb~irzi `knric~`kl xma`np ~xàa%mzir ijjinv~ bmvd

xm~`v`zi ckf kilcv`zi cnrm~~ ril`mk~ ckf nmykvrì~! cnrm~~ ~invmr~ ckf by~`ki~~

cnv`z`vì~! ckf cnrm~~ xma`np cric~+ \dài vdi IY dc~ èxmrvckv ri~xmk~`bà`vì~ `k ~mei

oip cric~ mj xma`np vdcv cjjinv `kfy~vrp $i+l+ vrcfi! nmexiv`v`mk! `kvirkca ecroiv)! eckp mj

vdi xma`np cric~ vdcv nck èxcnv em~v f`rinvap mk vdi brmcf by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv jmr

`kfy~vrp cri fivire`kif cv vdi aizia mj Eiebir ^vcvi~ mr izik cv ~yb%kcv`mkca $`+i+

ril`mkca mr amnca) aizia~+ Cv vdi ~cei vèi! eckp mj vdi ndcaaikli~ jcnif bp `kfy~vrp

ckf! `k vyrk! bp xma`np%ecoir~ cri fij`kif cv ck izik d`ldir `kvirkcv`mkca aizia+ Jmr

itcexai! cffri~~`kl ikz`rmkeikvca ckf ikirlp `~~yi~! ckf cnni~~ vm rc| ecvir`ca~ ckf

`kvirkcv`mkca ecroiv~ kini~~`vcvi jm~vir`kl clriieikv~ ckf xma`np cnv`mk~ cv c ~yxrc%IY

$mr lambca) aizia+ Vd`~ rc`~i~ c nikvrca `~~yi jmr vdi fiziamxeikv mj ck IY%|`fi^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np mj dm| vm ijjinv`ziap ckf ijj`nìkvap ik~yri

nmdirikni! nmmrf`kcv`mk ckf `kvilrcv`mk mj xma`np cxxrmcndi~ cnrm~~ f`jjirikv xma`np

fmec`k~ ckf lmzirkckni aizia~7

Vdi `knric~`kl limlrcxd`nca nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vrp zcayi ndc`k~! vdi `kvilrcv`mk mj

ecroiv~! ckf vdi lambca kcvyri mj eckp mj vdi em~v xri~~`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr

`kfy~vrp crlyi jmr i~vcba`~d`kl eyav`%fèik~`mkca xma`np lmzirkckni jrcei|mro~ $`+i+

eyav`%aizia ckf eyav`%xma`np)+

Xma`np jrcei|mro~ kiif

vm ~yxxmrv `kfy~vrp vm

ricnv rcx`fap ckf

èxaieikv vrck~jmrecv`mk

~vrcvilì~

byv vd`~ ecp risy`ri

dmr`wmkvca rcvdir vdck

~invmr ~xin`j`n xma`nì~

^vcbà`vp ckf

vrck~xcriknp mj

rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~

~yxxmrv~ amkl%vire

by~`ki~~ xackk`kl! vdy~

xrmemv`kl

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf

`kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk

C kiif jmr eyav`%

fèik~`mkca xma`np

lmzirkckni jrcei|mro~


20/98


3+6 Vm|crf~ ck myva`ki jrcei|mro jmr ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`caNmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np

Vdi xrinif`kl ~inv`mk~ dczi cvviexvif vm rc`~i ~mei mj vdi brmcfir `~~yi~ vdcv crlycbap

kiif vm bi cffri~~if bp ck IY ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+ Frc|`kl

mk vdi~i! ckf mk ~mei mj vdi likirca jicvyri~ mj nyrrikv IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf ~mei mj

vdi c~~mn`cvif oip nmknixv~ $~ii Ckkit) vd`~ ~inv`mk cè~ vm xrmz`fi c likirca jrcei|mro

jmr fi~nr`b`kl ckf ckcap~`kl ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+

3+6+3 @kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vrck~jmrecv`mk

Fivire`kckv~ mj `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~

C~ c ~vcrv`kl xm`kv! vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj j`re~! ~invmr~ ckf `kfy~vrp c~ |dmai fixikf~

bmvd yxmk `kvirkca nmkf`v`mk~ |`vd`k `kfy~vrp `v~iaj ckf mk vdi brmcf itvirkcajrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr `kfy~vrp+ Vdy~! |i nck f`~v`kly`~d v|m fèik~`mk~ mj `kfy~vr`ca

nmexiv`v`ziki~~7

\`vd`k kfy~vrp fivire`kckv~ vdcv riacvi vm vdi ~`vycv`mk ckf `kvirkca fpkce`n~ |`vd`k

`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~+ C kyebir mj oip iaieikv~ nck bi `fikv`jìf7

% J`re ~vrcvilì~ ckf by~`ki~~ emfia~! nmzir`kl vdi f`jjirikv ~vrcvilì~ jmaam|if

bp nmexckì~ $i+l+ nm~v%bc~if! `kkmzcv`mk%fr`zik! brckf`kl * ecroiv`kl)?

% @kxyv jcnvmr yvà`~cv`mk! nmzir`kl vdi yvà`~cv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk jcnvmr~ |`vd`k vdi

~invmr $i+l+ acbmyr! ncx`vca! `kvireif`cvi lmmf~ ckf ~irz`ni~! ckf okm|aifli ckf

vindkmamlp)?

% Xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~ ckf xrmfynv fiziamxeikv! nmzir`kl vdi eckclieikv ckfmrlck`~cv`mk mj xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ |`vd`k vdi ~invmr `knayf`kl! jmr itcexai!

vindkmamlp yvà`~cv`mk! byv ca~m iknmexc~~`kl xrmfynv ckf ~irz`ni fiziamxeikv

ckf kkmzcv`mk?

% @kfy~vrp ~vrynvyri ckf mrlck`~cv`mk! nmzir`kl vdi mzircaa ~vrynvyri mj vdi ~invmr `k

vire~ mj! jmr itcexai! ikvirxr`~i nmexm~`v`mk $~`wi)! ~xin`ca`~cv`mk ckf

~ileikvcv`mk! inmkmeì~ mj ~ncai ckf ~nmxi! nmexckp jmrecv`mk ckf nam~yri!

ivn+?

% ^yxxap ckf zcayi ndc`k riacv`mk~d`x~! nmzir`kl vdi yx~vrice $bcno|crf) ckf

fm|k~vrice $jmr|crf) a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vrp $ckf mvdir) ~invmr~ ckf ecroiv~+

Jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk fivire`kckv~ vdcv cri nmknirkif |`vd vdi rilyacvmrp

ikz`rmkeikv ckf mvdir jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ vdcv cri |`vd`k vdi ricnd mj xma`np ckf

vdcv ~dcxi vdi likirca nmkvitv `k |d`nd j`re~ mxircvi+ I~~ikv`caap vd`~ nmzir~ c~xinv~

mj vdi by~`ki~~ ckf mxircv`mkca ikz`rmkeikv vdcv cri itvirkca vm `kf`z`fyca $ckf

nmaainv`zi) by~`ki~~ mxircv`mk~ mj j`re~ |`vd`k vdi ~invmr7

% Rilyacvmrp ckf `k~v`vyv`mkca nmkf`v`mk~7 vd`~ nmzir~ vdi rilyacvmrp ckf

`k~v`vyv`mkca nmkf`v`mk~ vdcv cxxap vm vdi ~invmr `v~iaj! mr vdcv `kjayikni `kxyv~ ckf

ri~myrni~ `kvm xrmfynv`mk $`+i+ `kfy~vrp nmkf`v`mk~)! mr ecroiv~ ckf fieckf jmr

vdi ~invmr~ myvxyv~ $`+i+ ecroiv nmkf`v`mk~)+ @k vire~ mj xma`np eic~yri~! vdi~i

`knayfi c~xinv~ ~ynd c~ acbmyr ecroiv rilyacv`mk~! nmexiv`v`mk xma`np! xrmvinv`mk

mj `kviaainvyca xrmxirvp r`ldv~! `kfy~vrp ~vckfcrf~! ikirlp ckf ikz`rmkeikvail`~acv`mk! ivn+

@kvirkca fpkce`n~ |`vd`k

`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ riec`k

èxmrvckv+

byv ~m cri vdinmkf`v`mk~ vdcv ~dcxi vdi

likirca nmkvitv `k |d`nd

j`re~ mxircvi


21/98


% Mvdir jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~7 vd`~ nmzir~ c brmcfir rckli mj nmkf`v`mk~ ~dcx`kl

vdi by~`ki~~ ikz`rmkeikv byv vdcv ecp bi `kjayiknif f`rinvap mr `kf`rinvap bp

$ec`kap kmk%rilyacvmrp) xma`np eic~yri~+ Clc`k |i nck f`~v`kly`~d biv|iik

~yxxap%~`fi nmkf`v`mk~ xcrv`nyacrap `k riacv`mk vm jcnvmr `kxyv~ ~ynd c~ acbmyrjmrni ckf ~oàa~! xdp~`nca `kjrc~vrynvyri! okm|aifli fiziamxeikv ckf f`jjy~`mk!

cnni~~ vm j`kckni! ivn+ ckf fieckf%~`fi nmkf`v`mk~ `k ecroiv~ jmr vdi ~invmr~

xrmfynv~ ckf ~irz`ni~ $i+l+ ndckl`kl nmk~yeir xrijirikni~! nmk~yeir xma`nì~!

ivn+)

@kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk xri~~yri~ ckf xrmni~~i~36

Bipmkf vdi `kvirkca nmkf`v`mk~ ckf brmcf itvirkca jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ myva`kif

cbmzi! Iyrmxick `kfy~vrp ckf Iyrmxick ~mnìvp `k likirca `~ nmkjrmkvif bp c |`fi

rckli mj jykfceikvca ndcaaikli~ vdcv `kjayikni nmexiv`v`mk ckf nmexiv`v`zi nmkf`v`mk~+

Vdi~i ndcaaikli~ |d`nd cri mjvik `kvirriacvif `knayfi mzircrnd`kl `~~yi~ ~ynd c~

lambca`~cv`mk ckf `kvirkcv`mkca nmexiv`v`mk! naècvi ndckli ckf ikz`rmkeikv!

fiemlrcxd`n ndckli ckf e`lrcv`mk! vindkmaml`nca ndckli! limxma`v`nca vik~`mk~ ckf

~inyr`vp! ckf c~ rinikv izikv~ dczi fiemk~vrcvif zyakircbà`vp vm inmkme`n ~dmno~

ckf nr`~i~+ Naicrap vdi ncxcbà`vp mj `kfy~vrp vm ijjinv`ziap ri~xmkf vm vdi~i ndcaaikli~ `~

nam~iap a`koif vm `v~ nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vdi zcr`my~ fivire`kckv~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~

myva`kif cbmzi+ Cv vdi ~cei vèi! ri~xmkf`kl vm vdi~i ndcaaikli~ nck aicf vm cfcxvcv`mk~

`k vdi |cp~ bp |d`nd `kfy~vrp nmkvr`byvi vm inmkme`n! ~mn`ca ckf ikz`rmkeikvca

myvnmei~ ckf mbginv`zi~ ckf! `k vyrk! vm vdi mzircaa nmexm~`v`mk mj inmkme`n cnv`z`vì~+

Cnnmrf`klap! `k xcrcaaia vm nricv`kl vdi r`ldv nmkf`v`mk~ jmr `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~!

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np ca~m xacp~ c rmai `k jcnà`vcv`kl vdi cfcxvcv`mk mj `kfy~vrp vm ndckl`klinmkme`n! ~mn`ca ckf ikz`rmkeikvca nmkf`v`mk~+ Mk vdi mki dckf! vd`~ ecp iknmexc~~

riacv`ziap kiyvrca xma`np eic~yri~ cèif cv nricv`kl bik`lk jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr

ikvirxr`~i fiziamxeikv ckf nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Mk vdi mvdir! `v ecp ca~m iknmexc~~ emri

xm~`v`zi xma`np eic~yri~ cèif cv `kjayikn`kl ckf xrmemv`kl vdi vrck~jmrecv`mk

fiziamxeikv mj `kfy~vrp `k ~xin`j`n f`rinv`mk~ $i+l+ `k cnnmrfckni |`vd ~y~vc`kcbai

fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~)+

Cv vd`~ xm`kv! `v `~ xirdcx~ |mrvd rincaa`kl vdcv xrmni~~i~ mj `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk nck

bi mb~irzif cv c zcrìvp mj f`jjirikv aizia~39

36

\i y~i vdi fi~nr`xv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk rcvdir vdck ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv+ Vd`~ ndm`ni dc~ biik ecfi bincy~i vdi

rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k ~yxxmrv`kl $~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv `~ vpx`ncaap c~~mn`cvif |`vd eic~yri~ f`rinvif vm|crf~

e`v`lcv`kl vdi cfzir~i ~mn`ca nmk~isyikni c~~mn`cvif |`vd `kfy~vr`ca fina`ki+ Vd`~ vikf~ vm kilainv vdi jcnv vdcv `kfy~vrp

kiif~ vm nmkv`kycaap cfcxv ckf kmv kini~~cràp `k kilcv`zi |cp~ `k ri~xmk~i vm ndckl`kl inmkme`n! ecroiv!

vindkmaml`nca! ~mn`ca ckf mvdir nmkf`v`mk~+ Jmr itcexai! vdi |dmai kmv`mk mj emz`kl vm|crf~ emri ~y~vc`kcbai ckf lriikir

xrmfynv`mk xrmni~~i~ ckf xrmfynv`mk myvxyv~ èxaì~ ~`lk`j`nckv cfcxvcv`mk bp `kfy~vrp! vdi myvnmei mj |d`nd `v `~ dmxif |àa

bi jcr jrme kilcv`zi+ Cnnmrf`klap! jmr vdi xyrxm~i~ mj vd`~ xcxir! `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk rijir~ kmv ~m eynd vm e`v`lcv`kl

eic~yri~ vm caaiz`cvi vdi kilcv`zi èxcnv~ mj `kfy~vr`ca fina`ki byv! rcvdir! riacvi~ vm eic~yri~ vm jcnà`vcvi vdi cfcxvcv`mk

mj `kfy~vrp |dài nmkvr`byv`kl vm cndìz`kl $ckf ec`kvc`k`kl vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vrp `k cnnmrfckni |`vd ~y~vc`kcbai

fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~+

+ Vm ~vcrv! vdip ecp `kzmazi brmcf ndckli~

ecnrm ~invmr aizia ndckli~! kmvcbap vdi xrmni~~i~ mj virv`cr`~cv`mk $`+i+ r`~`kl ~dcri mj

~irz`ni~ `k inmkme`n cnv`z`vp) ckf ~m%ncaaif sycrvirkcr`~cv`mk c~~mn`cvif |`vd vdi r`~i

mj `kjmrecv`mk ckf okm|aifli%bc~if ~irz`ni~+ Biam| vd`~! vrck~jmrecv`mk nck mnnyr cv c

~invmr aizia $i+l+ ndckli~ `k vdi f`~vr`byv`mk mj inmkme`n cnv`z`vp cnrm~~ `kfy~vr`ca

39îi înv`mk 3+: jmr c emri fivcàif fi~nr`xv`mk+

Vdi ncxcbà`vp mj `kfy~vrp

vm ri~xmkf vm itvirkca

ndcaaikli~ |àa bi

fin`~`zi++

Vrck~jmrecv`mk nck bi

mb~irzif cv zcr`my~

aizia~


22/98


23/98


J`lyri 3+3 ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ jrcei|mro

NMEXIV@VMR

XIRJMRECKNI

J@KCAECROIV

FIECKF

FIZIAMXEIKV^

ECROIV

@K^V@VYV@MK^*

RILYACV@MK^

J@RE^VRCVIL

@I^*BY^@KI^^

EMFIA^

XRMFYNV@MKXRMNI^^

FIZIA

MXEIKV

@KFY^VRP^

VRYNVYRI^*

MRLCK@^CV@MK

@KXYVJCNVM

RYV@A@^CV@MK

ITMLIK

MY^

NMKF@V@MK^

lambca`~c

v`mk!

vindkm

amlp!

na`ecvindckli!

fiemlrcxd`n

~!

INMKME@N*MV

DIR

,^DM

NO^,

^YXXMRV@KL

@KFY^VR@I^

JCNVMRECROIV

FIZIAMXEIKV^

@KFY^VRP

@K^V@VYV@MK^

*

RILYACV@MK^

ITMLIKMY^

N

MKF@V@MK^

lambca`~cv`mk!

vi

ndkmamlp!

na`ecvindckli!

fiemlrcxd`n~!

INMKME@N*MVDIR

,^

DMNO^,

JMR\CRF

A@KOCLI^

BCNO\CRF

A@KOCLI^

Nmexiv`v`ziki~~*

Cfgy~vei

kvXmvikv`ca

^YXXAP-Z

CAYINDC@K

RIACV

@MK^D@X^

NMEXIV@V@ZIKI^^

MYV

NMEI^

Jrcei|mr

oNmkf`v`mk~

^yxxap%~`fi

Nmkf`v`mk~

Fieckf%~`fi

Nmkf`v`mk~

\`vd`k

`kfy~vrp

Nmkf`v`mk~

VRCK^JMRECV@MKXIRJMRECKNI


24/98


25/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 2:

Eiebir ^vcvi~ fm kmv èx`kli mk vdi `kvilr`vp mj vdi @kvirkca Ecroiv+ Jyrvdiremri! vdi

`knric~`kl nmexait`vp mj `kvir%riacv`mk~d`x~ biv|iik `kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~ $`+i+ zcayi-~yxxap

ndc`k riacv`mk~d`x~) ckf cnrm~~ limlrcxd`nca amncv`mk~! ~ylli~v~ vdcv cvvikv`mk ~dmyaf ca~m

bi xc`f vm vdi èxa`ncv`mk~ mj `kvir%~invmrca ckf! izik `kvrc%~invmrca fpkce`n~ mjxma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ ckf xmvikv`ca ~xàa%mzir ijjinv~ bmvd cnrm~~ ~invmr~ ckf cnrm~~

limlrcxd`nca bmykfcrì~+ @k vd`~ ri~xinv! xrmni~~i~ mj lambca`~cv`mk ckf vdi lambca

fèik~`mk mj eckp ndcaaikli~ jcn`kl IY `kfy~vrp! èxap vdcv IY nckkmv cnv `k `~macv`mk

ckf vdcv nirvc`k fèik~`mk~ mj c ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np! risy`ri

cxxrmcndi~ ckf ~mayv`mk~ fij`kif cv c brmcfir `kvirkcv`mkca $lambca) aizia+

Vm|crf~ c y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Jrcei|mro

Br`kl`kl vmlivdir vdi zcr`my~ iaieikv~ fi~nr`bif cbmzi! J`lyri 3+2 xrmz`fi~ c ~vpa`~if

rixri~ikvcv`mk ckf ncvilmr`~cv`mk mj vdi ec`k iaieikv~ mj c ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np+


26/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 2+ @v ~iie~ `kiz`vcbai vdcv vdi crv`nyacv`mk biv|iik ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv ckf

`kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ |àa bi cemkl vdi nikvrca vdiei~ ckf em~v aòiap vdi

ec`k mzircrnd`kl vdiei jmr jyvyri `kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ C jyvyri ~y~vc`kcbai`kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np |àa kiif vm jcnà`vcvi vdi cfcxvcv`mk ckf

vrck~jmrecv`mk mj `kfy~vrp |dài nmkvr`byv`kl vm cndìz`kl $ckf ec`kvc`k`kl) vdi

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj `kfy~vrp `k cnnmrfckni |`vd ~y~vc`kcbai fiziamxeikv mbginv`zi~+

6+ Vdi cbà`vp mj ieirl`kl inmkmeì~ vm xm~`v`mk vdie~iazi~ c~ ecgmr nmexiv`vmr~ `k

~m%ncaaif d`ld%vind ~invmr~ dc~ fiemk~vrcvif vdcv vdi `kvr`k~`n vindkmaml`nca aizia

mj c ~invmr `~ kmv c ~dìaf clc`k~v nmexiv`v`mk+ @k jcnv! vdi itvirkca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj

IY `kfy~vrp dc~ ai~~ vm fm |`vd `v~ riacv`zi xm~`v`mk `k ~invmr~ |`vd f`jjirikv

vindkmamlp ncvilmr`~cv`mk~ $`+i+ am|%! eif`ye% mr d`ld%vind) ckf emri vm fm |`vd

ncxcbà`vì~ mj IY ikvirxr`~i~ cnrm~~ c rckli mj ~invmr~ vm ~ynni~~jyaap cxxap

vindkmamlì~ `k `kkmzcvi |cp~ mr vm cfcxv vindkmamlì~ vm ~xin`j`n ecroiv

risy`rieikv~ $`+i+ xrmfynv f`jjirikv`cv`mk ckf ~xin`ca`~cv`mk)+

9+ Vrck~jmrecv`mk xrmni~~i~ a`koif vm vindkmamlp fiziamxeikv~ fm kmv mkap `kzmazi

d`ld%vind eckyjcnvyr`kl ~invmr~ byv ca~m `kzmazi `kkmzcv`zi cxxa`ncv`mk~ mj

vindkmamlp `k am|ir%vind ~invmr~+ Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ecp bi emri lricvap ikdcknif bp

~vrcvilì~ $i+l+ ~ecrv ~xin`ca`~cv`mk) vdcv byàf yxmk it`~v`kl c~~iv~ $i+l+ ~oàa~ ckf

itxirv`~i! czcàcbai xdp~`nca `kxyv~! ikz`rmkeikvca nmkf`v`mk~! ecroiv cnni~~

nmkf`v`mk~! ivn) vdck gyex`kl yxmk nyrrikv vindkmamlp bckf|clmk~+

:+ \dài vckl`bai jcnvmr~ xrmz`fi vdi bifrmno jmr $itvirkca) nmexiv`v`ziki~~!

`knric~`klap vdi jcnvmr~ vdcv ykfirx`k vdi cbà`vp mj j`re~ vm f`jjirikv`cvi vdie~iazi~

jrme vdi`r nmexiv`vmr~ cri `kvckl`bai+ Jcnvmr~ ~ynd c~ syca`vp! brckf`kl!


28/98


ny~vme`~cv`mk ckf xrmz`~`mk mj xrmfynv%riacvif ~irz`ni~! nck ca~m bi `fikv`j`if c~

nryn`ca jmr ikcba`kl IY `kfy~vr`i~ vm `kkmzcvi ckf vm xm~`v`mk vdie~iazi~ `k yx%

ecroiv ckf d`ld zcayi%cffif xrmfynv ~ileikv~+


29/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >8

32+ Vdi ~xiif |`vd |d`nd `kfy~vrì~ cri cbai vm ri~xmkf vm ~yffik ndckli~ `k

nmexiv`v`mk ckf fr`zir~ mj nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ aòiap vm binmei `knric~`klap

èxmrvckv+ Vd`~ èxaì~ vdcv xma`np jrcei|mro~ kiif vm ~yxxmrv vdi jait`bà`vp mj

`kfy~vrp vm ricnv rcx`f vm ~yffik ndckli~ ckf vm jcnà`vcvi vdi`r èxaieikvcv`mk mjvrck~jmrecv`mk ~vrcvilì~+

3>+ Jrisyikv ndckli~ `k rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ itcnirbcvi xrmbaie~ mj yknirvc`kvp ckf

ykxrif`nvcbà`vp! |d`nd nck fiacp fin`~`mk~ vdcv ecp dczi èxmrvckv èxa`ncv`mk~ jmr

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf ~am| fm|k xrmni~~i~ mj `kfy~vr`ca vrck~jmrecv`mk+ ^vcbà`vp mr

cv aic~v xrif`nvcbà`vp ckf vrck~xcriknp mj rilyacvmrp nmkf`v`mk~ cri èxmrvckvjmr

ikvirxr`~i~ vm fiziamx c amkl%vire zì| c~ vdi bc~`~ jmr by~`ki~~ xackk`kl ckf

`kzi~veikv fin`~`mk~+

36+ Vdi `knric~`kl limlrcxd`nca nmexait`vp mj `kfy~vrp zcayi ndc`k~! vdi `kvilrcv`mk mj

ecroiv~! ckf vdi lambca kcvyri mj eckp mj vdi em~v xri~~`kl xma`np ndcaaikli~ jmr`kfy~vrp nck bi mb~irzi `k `knric~`kl xma`np ~xàa%mzir ijjinv~ bmvd xm~`v`zi ckf

kilcv`zi cnrm~~ ril`mk~ ckf nmykvrì~! cnrm~~ ~invmr~ ckf by~`ki~~ cnv`z`vì~! ckf

cnrm~~ xma`np cric~+ Vd`~ rc`~i~ c nikvrca `~~yi mj dm| vm ijjinv`ziap ckf ijj`nìkvap

ik~yri nmdirikni! nmmrf`kcv`mk ckf `kvilrcv`mk mj xma`np cxxrmcndi~ cnrm~~ f`jjirikv

xma`np fmec`k~ ckf lmzirkckni aizia~ ckf crlyi~ jmr i~vcba`~d`kl eyav`%fèik~`mkca

xma`np lmzirkckni jrcei|mro~ jmr ck IY%|`fi ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca

Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np+


30/98


Ckkit7 IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np7 bcnolrmykf!ykfirap`kl `~~yi~ ckf oip nmknixv~

3+3 @kvrmfynv`mk

Vdi cè~ ckf mbginv`zi~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! vdi rckli ckf vpxi~ mj xma`np eic~yri~ nmzirif! ckf

vdi ~nmxi mj cxxa`ncv`mk mj xm~~`bai eic~yri~ nck bi zì|if jrme c |`fi rckli mj d`~vmr`nca!fiziamxeikvca! `k~v`vyv`mkca ckf `kviaainvyca xir~xinv`zi~+ Emrimzir! c zcrìvp mj v`vai~ dczi biik

zcr`my~ap y~if vm fi~nr`bi `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ~ynd c~7 `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np! `kfy~vr`ca

fiziamxeikv xma`np! ~y~vc`kcbai `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! ikvirxr`~i xma`np! ivn+ vdi f`jjirikni~ biv|iik

|d`nd mjvik cxxicr rcvdir ceb`lymy~+ Kmv ~yrxr`~`klap! vdirijmri! c xrin`~i fij`k`v`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca

xma`np `~ ~mei|dcv iay~`zi+ @k vd`~ ~inv`mk! vdirijmri! |i ~dcaa cvviexv vm xrmz`fi c likirca

fi~nr`xv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! ckf `fikv`jp ckf fij`ki ~mei mj vdi oip `~~yi~ ~yrrmykf`kl nyrrikv

cxxrmcndi~ vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np fiziamxeikv+

3+2 Maf zir~y~ ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np34

\dcv ecp bi vireif maf `kfy~vr`ca xma`np cv aic~v |`vd`k vdi vèijrcei mj vdi IY $ckf

xriz`my~ap vdi Iyrmxick Nmeeyk`vp) `~ y~ycaap c~~mn`cvif |`vd f`rinv ckf ~invmr%~xin`j`n

`kvirzikv`mk~ cèif! mk vdi mki dckf! cv iknmyrcl`kl vdi fiziamxeikv mj ~xin`j`n ~invmr~ `fikv`jìf

c~ mjjir`kl mxxmrvyk`vì~ jmr lrm|vd ckf iexampeikv ckf! mk vdi mvdir dckf! bp ijjmrv~ bmvd cv

kcv`mkca ckf Nmeeyk`vp%aizia vm xrizikv vdi fina`ki mj ~invmr~ nmk~`firif vm bi mj ~vrcvil`n

èxmrvckni jmr c zcrìvp mj `kfy~vr`ca! ~mn`ca mr ~inyr`vp%riacvif ric~mk~+ Rijainv`kl c nmeb`kcv`mk

mj xmmr cnvyca xma`np myvnmei~! ndckl`kl inmkme`n mrvdmfmtp! ckf limxma`v`nca vrck~jmrecv`mk! bp

vdi 3008~ `j kmv caricfp icraìr vdi o`kf~ mj xma`nì~ c~~mn`cvif |`vd cvviexv~ cv x`no`kl

|`kkir~ ckf bcà`kl myv am~ir~ dcf binmei acrliap f`~nrif`vif

30

+

^`kni vdi 3008~ vdiri dc~ biik c likirca ~d`jv `k vdi iexdc~`~ mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np c|cp jrme~invmr ~xin`j`n `kvirzikv`mk~ ckf vm|crf~ kmk%~invmr%~xin`j`n xma`np eic~yri~+ \dcv ecp bi

rijirrif vm c~ ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k xcrv`nyacr |`vd`k vdi IY nmkvitv dc~ biik ndcrcnvir`~if

bp c jmny~ mk nricv`kl vdi r`ldv brmcf ikz`rmkeikv jmr `kfy~vr`ca fiziamxeikv bc~if mk cnv`mk~ mj

c nrm~~%~invmrca $`+i+ kmk ~invmr ~xin`j`n) kcvyri+ Vd`~ cxxrmcnd |c~ `kvilrcvif `kvm vdi Ecc~vr`ndv

Vricvp `k 3002! |d`nd xrmz`fif vdi j`r~v ailca rijirikni vm IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np+ Ykfir Crv`nai 3>8

mj vdi Vricvp $km| Crv`nai 3 mj vdi A`~bmk Vricvp? ~ii Bmt 3+3)! vdi IY ckf Eiebir ^vcvi~ cri

34Jmr c emri fivcàif ckcap~`~ mj vdi ndckl`kl nmknixv mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ~ii! jmr itcexai7 B`cknd` X+ ckf Acbmrp ^+ $288:!

Jrme maf `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm ki| `kfy~vr`ca fiziamxeikv xma`nì~ ckf Xiaoeck~ G+ $288: Iyrmxick @kfy~vr`ca Xma`np!

bmvd `k B`cknd` X+ ckf Acbmrp ^+ $if+ @kvirkcv`mkca dckfbmmo mk `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! If|crf Ialcr+

30 Kmkivdiai~~! izik vmfcp vdiri riec`k~ ~meivd`kl mj c dcklmzir `k vire~ mj vdi c~~mn`cv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np |`vd vdi~i

vpxi~ mj `kvirzikv`mk+ Cv aic~v! FL Ikvirxr`~i cxxicr~ vm j`kf `v kini~~crp vm itxa`n`vap itnayfi ~ynd vpxi~ mj xma`np

`kvirzikv`mk~ jrme vdi ~nmxi mj nyrrikv IY `kfy~vr`ca $nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np? ~iiBmt 3+>+


31/98


risy`rif vm ik~yri vdi nmkf`v`mk~ kini~~crp jmr vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj vdi Yk`mk~ `kfy~vrp ckf jmr

vd`~ xyrxm~i ~dmyaf ykfirvcoi cnv`mk~ cèif cv7

Jcnà`vcv`kl $~xiif`kl yx) cfgy~veikv vm ~vrynvyrca ndckli~?

Iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm by~`ki~~ `k`v`cv`zi ckf fiziamxeikv? Iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm by~`ki~~ nmmxircv`mk?

Jm~vir`kl bivvir `kfy~vr`ca itxam`vcv`mk mj `kkmzcv`mk! ri~icrnd ckf vindkmaml`nca fiziamxeikv+

Bmt 3+3 A`~bmk Vricvp7 Crv`nai 37 @kfy~vrp

3+ Vdi Yk`mk ckf vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~ ~dcaa ik~yri vdcv vdi nmkf`v`mk~ kini~~crp jmr vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mjvdi Yk`mk,~ `kfy~vrp it`~v+

Jmr vdcv xyrxm~i! `k cnnmrfckni |`vd c ~p~vie mj mxik ckf nmexiv`v`zi ecroiv~! vdi`r cnv`mk ~dcaa bicèif cv7

~xiif`kl yx vdi cfgy~veikv mj `kfy~vrp vm ~vrynvyrca ndckli~!

iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm `k`v`cv`zi ckf vm vdi fiziamxeikv mj ykfirvco`kl~vdrmyldmyv vdi Yk`mk! xcrv`nyacrap ~ecaa ckf eif`ye%~`wif ykfirvco`kl~!

iknmyrcl`kl ck ikz`rmkeikv jczmyrcbai vm nmmxircv`mk biv|iik ykfirvco`kl~!

jm~vir`kl bivvir itxam`vcv`mk mj vdi `kfy~vr`ca xmvikv`ca mj xma`nì~ mj `kkmzcv`mk! ri~icrnd ckfvindkmaml nca fiziamxeikv+

2+ Vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~ ~dcaa nmk~yav icnd mvdir `k a`c`~mk |`vd vdi Nmee`~~`mk ckf! |diri kini~~crp! ~dcaanmmrf`kcvi vdi`r cnv`mk+ Vdi Nmee`~~`mk ecp vcoi ckp y~ijya `k`v`cv`zi vm xrmemvi ~ynd nmmrf`kcv`mk! `kxcrv`nyacr `k`v`cv`zi~ cè`kl cv vdi i~vcba`~deikv mj ly`fia`ki~ ckf `kf`ncvmr~! vdi mrlck`~cv`mk mj itndcklimj bi~v xrcnv`ni! ckf vdi xrixcrcv`mk mj vdi kini~~crp iaieikv~ jmr xir`mf`n emk`vmr`kl ckf izcaycv`mk+Vdi Iyrmxick Xcra`ceikv ~dcaa bi oixv jyaap `kjmreif+

>+ Vdi Yk`mk ~dcaa nmkvr`byvi vm vdi cndìzieikv mj vdi mbginv`zi~ ~iv myv `k xcrclrcxd 3 vdrmyld vdixma`nì~ ckf cnv`z`vì~ `v xyr~yi~ ykfir mvdir xrmz`~`mk~ mj vdi Vricvì~+ Vdi Iyrmxick Xcra`ceikv ckf vdiNmyknà! cnv`kl `k cnnmrfckni |`vd vdi mrf`kcrp ail`~acv`zi xrmnifyri ckf cjvir nmk~yav`kl vdi Inmkme`nckf ^mn`ca Nmee`vvii! ecp fin`fi mk ~xin`j`n eic~yri~ `k ~yxxmrv mj cnv`mk vcoik `k vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~vm cndìzi vdi mbginv`zi~ ~iv myv `k xcrclrcxd 3! itnayf`kl ckp dcremk`~cv`mk mj vdi ac|~ ckf rilyacv`mk~mj vdi Eiebir ^vcvi~+

Vdi rmai cvvr`byvif vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k vdi Ecc~vr`ndv Vricvp kceiap c~ c vmma vm bi y~if vm

xrmemvi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf vdi cvvikv`mk l`zik vm vdi jmyr a`~vif cnv`mk cric~ dczi riec`kif cv

vdi nmri mj IY%aizia `kfy~vr`ca xma`np fiziamxeikv~ vdrmyld vdi 3008~ ckf mzir vdi ac~v fincfi!

~ybginv vm nirvc`k ndckli~ `k iexdc~`~ camkl vdi |cp28

Vdi Nmee`~~`mk `~ nmee`vvif vm vdi dmr`wmkvca kcvyri mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf vm czm`f c rivyrk vm ~iainv`zi

`kvirzikv`mk`~v xma`nì~+ Kizirvdiai~~! vdi ~nmxi mj xma`np `k~vryeikv~ ~dmyaf kmv bi ~iik gy~v c~ mkap zirp

brmcf dmr`wmkvca eic~yri~+ Jmr `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm bi ijjinv`zi! cnnmykv kiif~ vm bi vcoik mj vdi ~xin`j`n

nmkvitv mj `kf`z`fyca ~invmr~+ Xma`nì~ kiif vm bi nmeb`kif `k c vcàmr%ecfi eckkir mk vdi bc~`~ mj vdi

+ Cv vdi ~cei vèi! cavdmyld c nrm~~%~invmrca

mr dmr`wmkvca cxxrmcnd dc~ biik ck ykfirap`kl xr`kn`xai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ~`kni Ecc~vr`ndv!

vd`~ fmi~ kmv èxap ck cb~ikni mj c ~invmrca fèik~`mk $~invmr%bc~if cxxrmcnd)+ @k xcrv`nyacr!

|dik xyvv`kl jmr|crf `v~ ~vrcvilp jmr `kfy~vr`ca $nmexiv`v`ziki~~) xma`np vm cnnmexckp vdi ri%

acykndif A`~bmk Clikfc `k 2889! vdi IN ~vri~~if vdi kiif jmr ijjinv`zi `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm

nmeb`ki bmvd dmr`wmkvca ckf ~invmr%bc~if c~xinv~ $`+i+ ~m%ncaaif `kvilrcvif cxxrmcnd)+

^xin`j ncaap! vdi Nmee`~~`mk ~vcvif vdcv7

28Mki ndckli vdcv ncei cbmyv |`vd vdi Ecc~vr`ndv Vricvp |c~ c xcrv`ca ~d`jv `k iexdc~`~ mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np c|cp jrme c

xr`mr`v`~cv`mk mj jcnà`vcv`kl ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv vm c xr`mr`v`~cv`mk mk ikdckn`kl nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Vd`~ f`~v`knv`mk ecp ~iie

rcvdir ~ieckv`n byv `v xm`kv~ vm vdi jcnv vdcv ikdckn`kl nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `~ xirdcx~ bi~v zì|if c~ jcnà`vcv`kl ~vrynvyrca

cfgy~veikv rcvdir vdck z`ni zir~c+ \i nck ~ii! ca~m! vdcv |diric~ vdi mr`l`kca A`~bmk Clikfc ~iv ceb`v`mk~ jmr vdi IY vm

binmei vdi em~v nmexiv`v`zi ril`mk `k vdi |mraf $dm|izir vdcv ecp bi fij`kif! vdi ri%acykndif 2889 Clikfc jmny~if

crlycbap emri xirv`kikvap ckf emri rica`~v`ncaap mk ikdckn`kl nmexiv`v`ziki~~ `k mrfir vm ~vèyacvi lrm|vd ckf

iexampeikv+ $îi Bmt 3+2


32/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >>

nmknrivi ndcrcnvir`~v`n~ mj ~invmr~ ckf vdi xcrv`nyacr mxxmrvyk`vì~ ckf ndcaaikli~ vdcv vdip jcni+ Vd`~

`kiz`vcbap dc~ c~ c nmk~isyikni vdcv |dà~v caa xma`nì~ cri èxmrvckv! `k vdi IY vmfcp ~mei xma`nì~ dczi

lricvir èxmrvckni jmr ~mei ~invmr~ vdck mvdir~+23

3+> Vdi ~nmxi mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np

Brmcfap ~xico`kl! |i nck ~cp vdcv IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ xrècràp nmknirkif |`vd xyba`n xma`np

eic~yri~ vdcv `kjayikni vdi ikz`rmkeikv mr `k IN xcrackni vdi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ `k

|d`nd j`re~ $ckf `kf`z`fyca~) iklcli `k |icavd nricv`kl inmkme`n cnv`z`vì~+ @k vyrk! `kfy~vr`ca

xma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv ~iio vm cjjinv vd`~ ikz`rmkeikv ~dmyaf fm ~m `k c |cp vdcv `~ ~yxxmrv`zi vm

ikdckn`kl vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj $IY) `kfy~vrp+ Vd`~ `~! cv aic~v! vdi xrècrp rmai vdcv vdi IN

c~nr`bi~ vm $IY) `kfy~vr`ca xma`np $~ii Bmt 3+2 ckf Bmt 3+>)+ Vdi bc~`n xri~yexv`mk ykfirap`kl

vd`~ cxxrmcnd vm `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vdcv vdi r`ldv jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ |àa èxcnv xm~`v`ziap mk

vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj ikvirxr`~i~ ckf dikni vdi`r fiziamxeikv! |dài vdi |rmkl jrcei|mronmkf`v`mk~ |àa dczi vdi mxxm~`vi ijjinv+

Ck mbz`my~ `~~yi cr`~`kl jrme vdi cbmzi fi~nr`xv`mk mj vdi rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vdi

`fikv`j`ncv`mk mj vdi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr ikvirxr`~i fiziamxeikv vdcv cri riaizckv jmr

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np xir~xinv`zi+ Jmr itcexai! vdi ijjinv`zi jyknv`mk`kl mj nmexiv`v`mk ac| `k mrfir vm

ik~yri mxik ecroiv~ ckf jc`r nmexiv`v`mk `~ crlycbap c jykfceikvca risy`rieikv jmr c ecroiv%

bc~if inmkmep vm xrmz`fi ck ikz`rmkeikv `k |d`nd `kfy~vrp nck vdr`zi+ ^èàcr crlyeikv~ nmyaf

bi ecfi `k c |dmai rckli mj xma`np cric~! ~ynd c~ vrcfi! iexampeikv! ifyncv`mk! ckf izik cv c

d`ldir ecnrminmkme`n aizia $i+l+ brmcf inmkme`n ckf ~mn`ca xma`np) vdcv dczi vdi xmvikv`ca vm

cjjinv vdi ikz`rmkeikv `k |d`nd by~`ki~~i~ iklcli `k vdi`r cnv`z`vì~+

Bmt 3+2 Vdi rmai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np

Rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np

Vdi bc~`n xrie`~i ykfirap`kl vdi Iyrmxick Yk`mk~ `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vm jmaam| c fpkce`n dmr`wmkvca cxxrmcnd

~emmvd`kl vdi |cp jmr vdi èxaieikvcv`mk mj c nmk~`~vikv xcnocli mj xma`nì~ vm diax ecoi `kfy~vrp emri

nmexiv`v`zi

^myrni7 NME $3006 >30

@kfy~vr`ca xma`np cè~ cv ~inyr`kl jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jczmyrcbai vm `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ @v~`k~vryeikv~! |d`nd cri vdm~i mj ikvirxr`~i xma`np! cè vm xrmz`fi vdi jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ `k |d`nd

ikvrixrikiyr~ ckf by~`ki~~ nck vcoi `k`v`cv`zi~! itxam`v vdi`r `fic~ ckf byàf mk vdi`r mxxmrvyk`vì~+

^myrni7 NME $2882)


33/98


gmb nricv`mk! vco`kl cnnmykv mj vdi jcnv vdcv em~v by~`ki~~i~ cri ~ecaa ckf eif`ye%~`wif ikvirxr`~i~ $ÊI~+

^myrni7 NME $288 FL Ikvirxr`~i fi~nr`xv`mk mj vdi rmai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np

Rmai mj IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np

IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `~ cbmyv livv`kl vdi r`ldv ikz`rmkeikv jmr `kfy~vrp vm vdr`zi+

@v `~ cbmyv7

~vèyacv`kl `kkmzcv`mk ckf nmexiv`v`mk ckf `kzi~veikv `k okm| dm|?

lycrckvii`kl c aizia xacp`kl jìaf `k vdi ^`klai Ecroiv ckf myv~`fi mj `v `k vd`rf nmykvrì~?

rifyn`kl jr`nv`mk~ ckf vrck~cnv`mk nm~v `k vdi Iyrmxick inmkmep! ~ynd c~ cfe`k`~vrcv`zi byrfik+

\diri cxxrmxr`cvi! `v jcnà`vcvi~ vdi cfgy~veikv xrmni~~ mj fina`k`kl `kfy~vrì~ mr `kfy~vrì~ itxm~if vm ~mn`caap

ykcnnixvcbap d`ld cfgy~veikv xri~~yri+

@v `~ ca~m èxmrvckv vm bi naicr |dcv IY `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ xma`np `~ KMV7

@v `~ kmv cbmyv cf%dmn `kvirzikv`mk! x`no`kl |`kkir~ mr bcà`kl myv am~ir~! mr ~èàcr nmknixv~+

@v `~ kmv cbmyv emri rilyacv`mk mr emri ~vcvi c`f+

@k~vicf `v `~ cbmyv ai~~ byv bivvir rilyacv`mk ckf cbmyv ai~~ byv bivvir jmny~~if ~vcvi c`f! ivn+

@k 2889! vdi Nmee`~~`mk ~iv myv jmr vdi j`r~v vèi c ~m%ncaaif `kvilrcvif cxxrmcnd mj `kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~

xma`np bc~if mk c nmeb`kcv`mk mj nrm~~%~invmrca $dmr`wmkvca ckf ~invmr%~xin`j`n `k`v`cv`zi~+

Vdi e`f%vire rizì| `k 288< ri~vcvi~ vdi xm~`v`mk vdcv vdi ec`k rmai mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k vdi IY `~ vm xrmz`fi

vdi r`ldv jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr ikvirxr`~i~ ckf vm ecoi vdi IY ck cvvrcnv`zi xacni jmr `kfy~vr`ca fiziamxeikv

ckf gmb nricv`mk+

^myrni7 FL Ikvirxr`~i |ib~`vi

Ykjmrvykcviap! vdiri `~ km naicr ck~|ir vm vdi syi~v`mk mj |dcv xma`np cric~! ckf nmrri~xmkf`kl

xma`np `k~vryeikv~! jcaa |`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf |d`nd fm kmv+ Mk vdi mki dckf! c

brmcf $nmexridik~`zi) `kvirxrivcv`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nck bi ecfi vdcv |myaf ~yb~yei

`k~vryeikv~ ckf eic~yri~ jrme cnrm~~ c |`fi rckli mj xma`np jìaf~ |`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca

xma`np+ Vdy~ c brmcfap fij`kif `kfy~vr`ca xma`np nck bi zì|if c~ ck cecalce mj mziracxx`kl

xma`np cric~ rcvdir vdck c f`~v`knv ckf bmykfif xma`np jìaf+ C rinikv itcexai mj vd`~ cxxrmcnd nck

bi ~iik `k vdi Iyrmxick Nmyknà Nmknay~`mk~ mk vdi kiif jmr c ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! |d`nd

d`lda`ldvif `kvir ca`c vdi xr`mr`vp jmr `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vm7

nmkvr`byvi vm ri~xmkf`kl vm vdi mxxmrvyk`vì~ ckf ndcaaikli~ mj lambca`~cv`mk bp nmeb`k`kl caa

xm~~`bai `k~vryeikv~ ckf eic~yri~ mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np $`knayf`kl jmr itcexai vdm~i mj vdi `kvirkca

ecroiv! nmexiv`v`mk! ~oàa~ ckf ril`mkca xma`np! vrcfi ckf `kzi~veikv! ~vckfcrf~ ckf rilyacvmrp

nmkzirlikni22

Mk vdi mvdir dckf! |i nck ca~m mb~irzi c ~mei|dcv kcrrm|ir $ri~vr`nv`zi) fij`k`v`mk mj vdi ~nmxi

mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np |d`nd `~ emri nam~iap ca`lkif vm `k~v`vyv`mkca nmexivikni~ ckf eckfcvi~!

~xin`j`ncaap vdm~i mj vdi riaizckv cfe`k`~vrcv`mk$~) ri~xmk~`bai jmr xma`nì~ f`rinvif ~xin`j`ncaap

vm|crf~ `kfy~vrp $`+i+ FL Ikvirxr`~i ckf @kfy~vrp)+ @k vd`~ ~`vycv`mk! `kfy~vr`ca xma`np vcoi~ mk

22Nmyknà nmknay~`mk~ mk vdi kiif jmr c ki| `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! 2000vd Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Nmyknà eiiv`kl Bry~~ia~! 3 Ecrnd

2838! :>03-38


34/98


emri mj c ri~`fyca ndcrcnvir! `k vdi ~ik~i vdcv vdi vire `~ y~if vm rijir vm vdm~i xma`np cric~ ckf

nmrri~xmkf`kl eic~yri~ ckf `k~vryeikv~ vdcv jcaa myv~`fi vdi ri~xmk~`bà`vp mj kmk%`kfy~vrp

cfe`k`~vrcv`mk~+

Vm ~mei itvikv vdi f`ndmvmep biv|iik c nmexridik~`zi ckf emri ri~vr`nvif fi~nr`xv`mk mj

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ vricvif |`vd`k vdi IY nmkvitv vdrmyld vdi c~~mn`cv`mk mj c nmexiv`v`ziki~~

xr`kn`xai |`vd xma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv xmvikv`caap nyv cnrm~~ cfe`k`~vrcv`zi ri~xmk~`bà`vì~+ Vd`~ `~

iz`fikv! jmr itcexai! `j |i ammo cv vdi fi~nr`xv`mk mj o`kf~ mj dmr`wmkvca eic~yri~ vcoik `k ~yxxmrv

mj vdi ri%acykndif A`~bmk Clikfc ckf xrmemvif ykfir vdi dicf`kl mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np2>

+ Mk vdi

mki dckf! |i j`kf ~xin`j`n k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv ~iie vm jcaa emri mbz`my~ap |`vd`k c riacv`ziap ri~vr`nv`zi

~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np? jmr itcexai `k vdi cric~ ~ynd c~7 @XR ckf nmykvirji`v`kl! ail`~acv`zi ckf

rilyacvmrp ~èxa`j`ncv`mk! èxrmz`kl ~invmrca ~oàa~! `kfy~vr ca ri~icrnd ckf `kkmzcv`mk! ivn+ Mk vdi

mvdir dckf! brmcfir vdieif `k`v`cv`zi~ vdcv nyv cnrm~~ xma`np cric~ cri acbiaaif mr naicrap

fi~nr`bif |`vd rilcrf vm vdi`r nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ndcrcnvir`~v`n~? jmr itcexai7 nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ckf

ecroiv cnni~~ $vrcfi xma`np)! nmexiv`v`ziki~~! ikirlp ckf ikz`rmkeikv $ikirlp ckf

ikz`rmkeikvca xma`nì~)! ~vrynvyrca cfgy~veikv `k eckyjcnvyr`kl $ril`mkca ckf nmdi~`mk xma`nì~

$~vrynvyrca jykf~))! cnni~~ vm rc| ecvir`ca~ $vrcfi! ikirlp ckf ikz`rmkeikvca xma`nì~) ivn+

I~~ikv`caap! vd`~ acvvir lrmyx mj `k`v`cv`zi~ rijainv~ vdi `knay~`mk mj vdi izcaycv`mk mj vdi

nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ijjinv~ mj mvdir xma`nì~ $`+i+ c nmexiv`v`ziki~~ vi~v) |`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np+

Jmaam|`kl jrme vdi cbmzi! ckf frc|`kl mk Xiaoeck~ $288:)26

J`lyri 8+3

|dm xrmz`fi~ ck myva`ki

nac~~`j`ncv`mk mj IY `kfy~vr`ca xma`np ckf mvdir xma`np eic~yri~ vdcv cjjinv `kfy~vrp! vdi jmaam|`kl

vctmkmep ecp bi y~if vm ncvilmr`~i riaizckv xma`np eic~yri~ $~ii )7

Xma`nì~ kmv jmr kfy~vrp byv vdcv cjjinv `kfy~vrp+ Vdi~i nmzir7

% Brmcf inmkme`n ckf ~mn`ca xma`np ~ynd c~ ecnrminmkme`n ~vcbà`vp |`vd j`~nca ckf

emkivcrp `k~vryeikv~? ri%f`~vr`byv`mkca vmma~? vct xma`np ivn+

% Xma`nì~ jmr kmk kfy~vrp ~invmr~ ~ynd c~ clr`nyavyri! ikirlp! ~irz`ni~! ivn+

Xma`nì~ kmv mkap jmr `kfy~vrp $`+i+ xma`nì~ |d`nd f`rinvap diax mr nmk~vrc`k `kfy~vrp byv cri

kmv eickv $mkap) jmr `kfy~vrp) ~ynd c~ xr`ni nmkvrma~! byp%kcv`mkca ncexc`lk~! vìf

fiziamxeikv c`f! mr ikz`rmkeikvca xma`nì~ cffri~~`kl ~xin`j`n dcwcrf~ ~ynd c~ xm`~mkmy~

ndie`nca~+

Xma`nì~ jmr `kfy~vrp `k c brmcf ~ik~i $`+i+ |`fi nmknixv mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np) vdcv cri

nmexm~if mj vdrii ec`k bamno~7

Jrcei|mro c~xinv~ vdcv fivire`ki mr ~vrmklap `kjayikni vdi likirca ikz`rmkeikv `k

|d`nd ikvirxr`~i~ ykfirvcoi vdi`r by~`ki~~+ @v `~ kmv ricaap xm~~`bai vm xrmz`fi c xrin`~i

fij`k`v`mk mj vdi ~nmxi mj jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~! byv c kyebir mj ~yb%vdiei~-cric~

mjvik `kvirriacvif ckf kmv eyvycaap itnay~`zi nck bi f`~nirkif7

% Ecroiv jyknv`mk kl $nmexiv`v`mk)7nmzir`kl xma`nì~ vpx`ncaap rilyacvmrp `k kcvyri

vdcv lmzirk vdi ryai~ mj vdi lcei ykfir |d`nd ikvirxr`~i~ nmexivi |`vd icnd

mvdir+ Em~v mbz`my~ap vd`~ |myaf `knayfi nmexiv`v`mk xma`np byv ecp bi itvikfif vm

`knayfi! jmr itcexai! ryai~ lmzirk`kl vdi xrmz`~`mk mj xcrv`nyacr ~irz`ni~ $i+l+

2> îi NME$28896


35/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ >:

kiv|mro ~irz`ni~) ckf xrmfynv~! ~vcvi c`f xrmz`~`mk~! ckf ca~m ecp `knayfi xma`nì~

jmr nmexiv`v`zi $mxik) xyba`n xrmnyrieikv ~p~vie~+

% Ecroiv ~nmxi ckf `kvilrcv`mk7nmzir`kl xma`nì~ mjvik rilyacvmrp `k kcvyri vdcv

~dcxi vdi xmvikv`ca ~nmxi ckf itvikv mj `kvilrcv`mk mj $`kvirkcv`mkca) ecroiv~+ Vd`~

|myaf `knayfi `kvirkcv`mkca vrcfi xma`np $i+l+ itvirkca ecroiv cnni~~) ckf!

~xin`j`ncaap `k ck IY nmkvitv! @kvirkca Ecroiv xma`np $i+l+ xma`nì~ cèif cv

fiixik`kl ckf ~vriklvdik`kl `kvilrcv`mk mj vdi @kvirkca Ecroiv)+ @v ecp ca~m `knayfi

nmk~yeir-ecroiv xma`nì~ mr xrmfynv%bc~if xma`nì~ vdcv `kjayikni nmkf`v`mk~ `k j`kca

ecroiv~ jmr lmmf~ $ckf ~irz`ni~) xrmfynif bp `kfy~vrp+

% By~`ki~~ xrmni~~i~ ckf cfe`k`~vrcv`mk7nmzir`kl xma`nì~vdcv `kjayikni vdi kcvyri

ckf nm~v~ mj by~`ki~~ xrmni~~i~+ Vd`~ |myaf `knayfi! jmr itcexai by~`ki~~

cfe`k`~vrcv`mk risy`rieikv~! ckf xma`nì~ ~ynd c~ bivvir rilyacv`mk ijjmrv~ cèif cv

~èxa`jp`kl ckf èxrmz`kl vdi rilyacvmrp ikz`rmkeikv ckf rifyn`kl cfe`k`~vrcv`zi

byrfik mk ikvirxr`~i~+ @v ecp ca~m bi itvikfif vm nmzir xma`nì~ vdcv `kjayikni

~xin`j`n cnv`z`vì~ $i+l+ ri~icrnd! vindkmamlp fiziamxeikv ckf `kkmzcv`mk) ckf

xrmni~~i~ $i+l+ ikz`rmkeikv mr ikirlp ijj`nìknp risy`rieikv~ jmr xrmfynv`mk

xrmni~~i~) |`vd`k ikvirxr`~i~! mr vdcv `kjayikni kvirriacv`mk~d`x~ biv|iik ikvirxr`~i~

ckf ~invmr~ $i+l+ nay~vir xma`nì~! `kfy~vr`ca nmmxircv`mk! ivn+)+

% By~`ki~~ `kxyv~ ckf `kjrc~vrynvyri! nmzir`kl xma`nì~ vdcv `kjayikni vdi czcàcbà`vp

ckf syca`vp mj `kxyv~ y~if bp `kfy~vrp+ Em~v mbz`my~ap vd`~ |myaf `knayfi xma`np

riacvif vm acbmyr $i+l+ ifyncv`mk ckf vrc`k`kl xma`nì~) byv nck ca~m bi itvikfif vm

mvdir `kxyv~ ~ynd c~ ikirlp mr j`kckni+ Emri brmcfap! `v nmyaf bi itvikfif vm|crf~

xma`nì~ f`rinvif cv ikdckn`kl vdi xdp~`nca $i+l+ byàv `kjrc~vrynvyri) ckf kiv|mro

$i+l+ viainmeeyk`ncv`mk~) ikz`rmkeikv29

Dmr`wmkvca `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! |d`nd cri vpx`ncaap fij`kif c~ ~ynd bincy~i mj vdi`r nrm~~%

nyvv`kl kcvyri byv |i nck ca~m ~ii vdie c~ nmexaieikvcrp xma`nì~ ec`kap kmk%

rilyacvmrp `k kcvyri vdcv cri cèif cv c~~`~v`kl ikvirxr`~i~ vm èxrmzi vdi`r

xirjmreckni-nmexiv`v`ziki~~+ Cv ck IY%aizia vdi~i nmzir c kyebir mj vdiei~ mjvik

nam~iap `kvira`koif ~ynd c~ okm|aifli ckf `kkmzcv`mk! dyeck ncx`vca ckf ~oàa~!

ikvrixrikiyr~d`x ckf ÊI fiziamxeikv! bivvir rilyacv`mk ivn+?

+

învmrca `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! |d`nd nmk~`~v mj xma`nì~ vdcv ~iio vm cffri~~ ~invmr%~xin`j`n

fèik~`mk~ mj vdi jrcei|mro ckf dmr`wmkvca c~xinv~ fi~nr`bif cbmzi! mr mvdir ~invmr%

mrìkvcvif xma`nì~ cèif cv cffri~~`kl ~xin`j`n ~invmr%aizia ecroiv jcàyri~+

@v `~ èxmrvckv vm rinmlk`~i! dm|izir! vdcv |`vd`k vd`~ vctmkmep vdi bmykfcrì~ biv|iik vdi xma`np

ncvilmrì~ k xcrv`nyacr ykfir vdi dicf`kl mj xma`nì~ jmr kfy~vrp cri kmv ca|cp~ |iaa fij`kif?

jmr itcexai bmykfcrì~ biv|iik jrcei|mro ckf dmr`wmkvca xma`np cric~ nck mjvik ~iie rcvdir

jay`f! ckf ~yxxm~ifap dmr`wmkvca eic~yri~ nck sy`vi iz`fikvap dczi c zirp ~vrmkl ~invmrca

fèik~`mk+ Kmkivdiai~~! vd`~ vctmkmep ca~m nck bi y~if vm `kf`ncvi vdi ec`k vpxi~ mj `kvirzikv`mk~

vm bi vcoik bp xma`np%ecoir~ `k ~yxxmrv mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np7

j`r~v! vm `kjayikni mvdir xma`nì~ cjjinv`kl vdi zcr`my~ jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr ikvirxr`~i~ `k

~ynd c |cp vdcv vdi`r xmvikv`ca xm~`v`zi nmkvr`byv`mk vm kfy~vr`ca nmexiv`v`ziki~~ ~ ectè`~if

29 Nmdi~`mk xma`np $mr ril`mkca xma`np emri likircaap ecp ca~m bi `knayfif |`vd`k vd`~ ncvilmrp ~`kni `v xrècràp mxircvi~

vdrmyld eic~yri~ f`rinvif vm|crf~ èxrmzieikv~ `k ~mjv $kiv|mro~ ckf rmcf~-br`fli~-vykkia~ ckf dcrf $dyeck ncx`vca!

vindk`nca ~ndmma~! rivrc`k`kl jcnà`vì~! cfe`k`~vrcv`zi ncxcn`vp `kjrc~vrynvyri+


36/98


Bmt 3+6 Vdi rmai mj IY ckf Eiebir ^vcvi~ jmr `kfy~vr`ca xma`np

Rmai mj IY ckf Eiebir ^vcvi~

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np `~ bc~if mk c xcrvkir~d`x biv|iik vdi IY ckf Eiebir ~vcvi~+ îzirca `kfy~vr`ca xma`np

ndcaaikli~ kiif vm bi cffri~~if cv vdi Iyrmxick aizia! ~`kni `kf`z`fyca Eiebir ~vcvi~ cnv`kl `k `~macv`mk

nckkmv ~ynniif `k vcnoa`kl `~~yi~ ~ynd c~ ecgmr nmexiv`v`mk nc~i~! vdi rilyacv`mk mj vdi ~`klai ecroiv! mr

~mn`ca ckf inmkme`n nmdi~`mk+ Dm|izir! Eiebir ~vcvi~ ca~m dczi ri~xmk~`bà`vì~ jmr eckp iaieikv~ mj

`kfy~vr`ca xma`nì~

^myrni7 NME$2889) 6


38/98


J`lyri 8+3 @kfy~vr`ca xma`np nac~~`j`ncv`mk ckf riacv`mk biv|iik IY ckf kcv`mkca xm|ir~

^myrni7 cfcxvif jrme Xiaoeck~ $288:)

Xma`nì~$~meidm|)cjjinv`kl`kfy~vrp

Xma`nì~KMVjmr`kfy~vrp

Xma`nì~jmr`kfy~vrp

Clr`nyavyri*j`~dirì~

Ikirlp

Vrck~xmrv

Nmeeyk`ncv`mk~

îrz`ni~

+++

Kmk%`kfy~vr`caxma`npeic~yri~f`rinvap

cjjinv`kl`kfy~vrp

Ril`mkcafiziamxeikv-xackk`k

l

Xr`ninmkvrma~

Itxmrvxrmemv`mk$mzircaa)

^xin`j`nikz`rmkeikvcaxma`nì~

+++

@KFY^VR@CAXMA@NP

$|`finmknixv)

Jrcei|mroc~xinv~

Dmr`wmkvca`kfy~vr`caxma`np

învmrca`kfy~vr`caxma`np

@kvirkcaEcroiv

Nmexiv`v`mkxma`np

Nmdi~`mk-ril`mkcaxma`np

^vcvim|kir~d`x

Bivvirrilyacv`mk-nmkzirlikni

Ri~icrnd~vrcvilì~

@kkmzcv`mk~vèyay~

Ikvrixrikiyr~d`x-r`~oncx`vca

ôàa~ckfdyeckncx`vca

Xyba`nxrmnyrieikv

Ri~vrynvyr`kljykf~

Nmexiv`v`ziki~~vi~vjmrmvdir

xma`nì~

Vindkmamlpxma`nì~

învmrcaxma`nì~

învmrca`kvirzikv`mk~

Nay~virxma`nì~-`k`v`cv`zi~

Vrcfixma`np%~invmr~xin`j`n

c~xinv~

Nmdi~`mk-ril`mkcaxma`np%

~invmr~xin`j`nc~xinv~

Xma`nì~jmrkmk%`kfy~vrp~invmr~

Nmk~yeirxma`np-ecroiv~

Ecnrminmkme`n

Vct-j`~ncaxma`np

Rif`~vr`byv`mkca

@kfy~vr`cariacv`mk~-|cli~

@kjrc~vrynvyri

Ackfy~i

+++

Brmcfinmkme`nckf~mn`caxma`nì~

Vrcfi$ckf`kzi~veikv)xma`np

IYxm|ir~

^dcrif!ec`kapI

Y

^dcrifIY%kcv`m

kca

xm|ir~

^dcrif!ec`kap

kcv`mkca

Kcv`mkcaxm|ir~

^vr`nvIYnmk~vrc`kv~


39/98


J`lyri 8+2 FL Ikvirxr`~i ec`k `kfy~vr`ca xma`np `k`v`cv`zi~ ~`kni 2889

ÎNVMR^

EC@K

VDIEI^

@kfy~vrp-

~irz`ni~

`k`v`cv`zi

Iyrmxick

@k~v`vyvimj

Vindkmamlp

OKM\AI

FLI

BIVVIRRILYACV@MK

R*Fckf@kkmzcv`mk

@XRckfNmykvirji`v`kl

ôàa~

Cnni~~vmj`kckni

$ÊI~)

Cfe`k`~vrcv`zibyrfik

Ril+~èxa`j`ncv`mk

A

icf

ecroiv

`k`v`cv`zi

^vckfcrf~

cnv`mk

xrmlrceei

@kvirkcaEcroiv

Vindkmamlp

xacvjmre~

G

m`kv

vind

kmamlp

`k`v`cv`zi

Dicavdckf~cjivp

IKZ@RMK

EIKV*

IKIRLP

Naècvindckli

@kvik~`ziikirlpy~i

\c~vi!|cvir!c`r

VRCFI

Ecroivcnni~~

Rc|ecvir`ca~cnni~~

Vrcfi`kjr`klieikv~

Rilyacv`mk

^VRYNVY

RCANDCKLI

Ckv`n`xcv`mk

Virv`cr`~cv`mk

^vry

nvyrca

ndckli

`k`v

`cv`zi

Nme

xiv`v`ziki~

~ckfecroiv

cnni~~`k`v`cv`zi

^y

~vc`kcbai

`kfy

~vr`caxma`np

`

k`v`cv`zi

învmrcac~xinv~

mjlambca

ikz`rmkeikvckf

naècvindckli

^y~vc`kcbai

nmk~yexv`mk

^y~vc`kcbai

xrmfynv`mk

Inm%`kfy~vrì~

^vckfcrf~

Ikirlp`kvik~`zi

`kfy~vrì~

Rc|ecvir`ca

~yxxap

JMMFXRMNI^^@KL

XDCRECNIYV@NCA^

A@JI^N@IKNI^*

B@MVINDKMAMLP

@NV

EINDCK@NCAIKL@KIIR@KL

IAINVR@NCAIKL@KIIR@KL

CYVMEMV@ZI

^XCNI-LEI^

FIJIKNI

ÎNYR@VP

Xdcrecniyv`nca~Jmrye

Jmmf@k`v`cv`zi

E`f%vire^vrcvilpRizì|

Vc~ojmrnimk@NV

Nmexiv`v`ziki~~

F`camlyijmrEindck`nca

Ik

`kiir`k

IAINVRC@k`v`cv`zi

D

AL-NCR^23

Iyrmxick^xcniXrmlrceei

IyrmxickFijikniXcnocli

înyr`vpRi~icrndJmrye$I^R@J)

^D@XBY@AF@KL

DAL-Aicfir^D@X2839

EIVCA^

JMRI^VBCÎF@KFY^VR@I^

@XRckf

Nmykvirji`v`kl

@k`v`cv`zi

DALIkirlp!

Ikz`rmkeikvckf

Nmexiv`v`ziki~~

ItvirkcaC~xinv~

mj

Nmexiv`v`ziki~~

ckfEcroiv

Cnni~~

Ki|Ail`~acv`zi

^èxa`j`ncv`mk

Xrmlrceei

@exrmz`kl

învmrcaôàa~

Eckcl`kl

^vrynvyrcaNdckli

`kEckyjcnvyr`kl

@kvilrcvif

cxxrmcndvm@kf+

Ri~icrndckf

@kkmzcv`mk

NDIE@NCA^

DALNdie`nca~

DALFijikni

CIRM^XCNI

Cfz`~m

rpLrmyx-^VCR23

VITV@AI^

DALVitvài~

^è

xa`jp`klckfèxrmz`kl

vdirilyacvmrpikz`rmkeikv

ckfrifyn`klvdi

cfe`k`~vrcv`zibyrfik

Nay~vir~

`k`v`cv`zi

Nay~vir~

`k`v`cv`zi

Xdcrecniyv`nca~Rizì|-

Nmee+

Eivca~Nmeeyk`ncv`mk

Jmri~v%bc~if`kfy~vrì~N

mee+

@k`v`cv`zi~d`lda`ldvif`k2889Nmeeyk`ncv`mkmk`kfy~vr`caxm

a`np

@k`v`cv`zi~d`lda`ldvif`k2883

+ Jmr itcexai! mki nmyaf ikz`~cli c xma`np jmr ikvirxr`~i nmzir`kl jrcei|mro c~xinv~

ckf dmr`wmkvca xma`np eic~yri~ jmr caa by~`ki~~ ~invmr~ $`+i+ `kfy~vrp ckf ~irz`ni~ nmeb`kif)+ Vdi

kiif vm cffri~~ ~invmr ~xin`j`n c~xinv~ nmyaf vdik bi cffri~~if bp cfmxv`kl ck itvikfif cxxrmcnd

vm ~invmr%~xin`j`n xma`np eic~yri~! mxircv`kl i`vdir f`rinvap cv aizia mj ~xin`j`n `kfy~vrp ckf ~irz`ni

~invmr~ mr `k c v|m%~vix xrmni~~ f`~v`kly`~d`kl j`r~v biv|iik `kfy~vrp ckf ~irz`ni~ ckf vdik

~inmkfap biv|iik `kf`z`fyca ~invmr~ |`vd`k vdi~i v|m lrmyx~+

Izik `j ck `kfy~vrp%mrìkvcvif xir~xinv`zi `~ rivc`kif! mki nck syi~v`mk vdi y~ijyaki~~ mj ck

`kfy~vr`ca xma`np vdcv jcà~ vm cfisycviap ncxvyri vdi nam~i `kvir%a`kocli~ biv|iik `kfy~vrp ckf

~irz`ni~+ C kyebir mj a`ki~ mj ric~mk`kl ecp bi xyv jmr|crf c~ vm |dp c nam~ir nmkkinv`mk

biv|iik xma`np jmr `kfy~vrp ckf xma`np jmr ~irz`ni~ `~ aml`nca ckf ecp bi bikij`n`ca

>2

C ~yb~vckv`ca nmexmkikv mj vdi lrm|vd mj vdi $ecroiv) ~irz`ni~ ~invmr `~ cvvr`byvcbai vm vdi

myv~myrn`kl mj ~irz`ni~ cnv`z`vì~ xriz`my~ap ykfirvcoi |`vd`k `kfy~vrp vm ~xin`ca`~if ~irz`ni

xrmz`fir~+ Vd`~ eick~ vdcv eckp ~irz`ni cnv`z`vì~ vdcv xriz`my~ap nmyaf dczi biik ncxvyrif

|`vd`k vdi ~nmxi mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np! ckf vdcv kmkivdiai~~ riec`k èxmrvckv jmr vdi mzircaa

xirjmreckni mj `kfy~vrp! km| jcaa myv~`fi ck `kfy~vrp%bc~if fij`k`v`mk mj `kfy~vr`ca xma`np+

7

>3@k vd`~ nmkvitv! `v `~ rcvdir f`jj`nyav vm ~ii vdi aml`n mj lrmyx`kl vmlivdir `kfy~vr`ca ckf ikvirxr`~i xma`np dm|izir fij`kif

|`vd`k mki IY F`rinvmrcvi $`+i+ FL Ikvirxr`~i ckf @kfy~vrp |dài vdi cxxcrikv ri~xmk~`bà`vp jmr ~irz`ni~! |d`nd ecoi yx

vdi zc~v ecgmr`vp mj ikvirxr`~i~! ri~v~ |`vd ckmvdir F`rinvmrcvi $`+i+ FL @kvirkca Ecroiv ckf îrz`ni~! xcrv`nyacrap |dik vdi

acvvir~ xrècrp jmny~ nmzir~ mkap c rcvdir aè`vif ~nmxi mj jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ $`+i+ mb~vcnai~ vm vrcfi `k ~irz`ni~ ckf

j`kckn`ca ecroiv~ |`vd`k vdi @kvirkca Ecroiv+

>2 îi! jmr itcexai! INMRP^ $2884 ^vyfp mk @kfy~vr`ca Xma`np ckf îrz`ni~ ykfirvcoik jmr FL Ikvirxr`~i ckf @kfy~vrp ckf

czcàcbai cv7

dvvx7--in+iyrmxc+iy-ikvirxr`~i-ki|~rmme-nj-fmnyeikv+nje=cnv`mk5f`~xacp*fmn]`f5686:*y~ir~irz`ni]`f53*risyi~v+`f58
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=en&id=74&ftuId=FTU_4.8.1.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=4046&userservice_id=1&request.id=0http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=4046&userservice_id=1&request.id=0http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=4046&userservice_id=1&request.id=0


42/98

Vm|crf~ ^y~vc`kcbai @kfy~vr`ca Nmexiv`v`ziki~~ Xma`np Xcrv @ 6>

@rri~xinv`zi mj vdi myv~myrn`kl xdikmeikmk! eckp ~irz`ni cnv`z`vì~ kmvcbap by~`ki~~%

riacvif ~irz`ni xrmz`fi `kxyv~ vdcv nck ecoi c nr`v`nca nmkvr`byv`mk vm vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj

`kfy~vr`ca ~invmr~+ Vdy~! `k vyrk! vdi nmexiv`v`ziki~~ mj vdi ~irz`ni ~invmr~ fia`zir`kl `kxyv~ vm

`kfy~vrp binmei~ c nryn`ca xcrv mj vdi mzircaa jrcei|mro nmkf`v`mk~ jmr `kfy~vrp+

Eckp ~irz`ni cnv`z`vì~ cri ykfirvcoik |`vd`k `kfy~vrp $eckyjcnvyr`kl) ckf c acrli xrmxmrv`mk

mj vdi |mrojmrni `k eckyjcnvyr`kl j`re~ nck bi iklclif `k ~irz`ni cnv`z`vì~+ Jmr eckp

`kfy~vrì~ $i`vdir cv ikvirxr`~i mr ~invmr%aizia)! |dài ~vàa fij`kif mk vdi bc~`~ mj vdi xrmfynv~

$lmmf~) vdcv vdip ~yxxap! fir`zi c ~`lk`j`nckv xcrv mj vdi`r nmexiv`v`ziki~~ i`vdir jrme `kvirkca

~irz`ni~ cnv`z`vì~ vdcv f`rinvap mr `kf`rinvap cri `kvilrcvif `k vdi`r xrmfynv~! mr jrme vdi

fia`zirp mj ~irz`ni~ vdcv cnnmexckp vdi lmmf~ vdcv vdip xrmz`fi+

C~ ck itvik~`mk mj vdi xrinif`kl xm`kv! |i nck |`vki~

Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una política de competitividad...

Documents

Transcript of Towards Sustainable Industrial Competitiveness policy(Eng)/ Hacia una política de competitividad...