Presented byDr. Helaly Abdel Hady Helaly

Chief of Industrial wastewater, Sludge and Reuse sector.Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company.

Alexandria – EGYPT.

Home (tell) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-01005201367e-mail : drhelalley@yahoo.com

Towards effective industrial water reuse at Alexandria city

WATER REUSE

Water reuse has been dubbed as the greatest challenge of the 21st century as water supplies remain practically the same and water demands increase because of increasing (1)population and per capita consumption.

Inadequate water supply and sewerage system deterioration is serious contemporary concerns for both industries and Alexandria sanitary drainage.

WATER REUSE:Water reuse generally accomplishes two fundamental

functions[1]:

1. The treated effluent is used as a water resource for beneficial purposes.

2. The effluent is kept out of streams, lakes and beaches; thus reducing pollution of surface water .and groundwater

WATER REUSE:

Factors that should be considered in an industrial water reuse program include: Identification of water reuse opportunities. Determination of the minimum water quality needed for the given use. Identification of wastewater sources that satisfy the water quality requirements. Determination of how the water can be transported to the new use.

Industrial background of Alexandria city

Alexandria is considered one of the most economically important coastal

governorates in Egypt; it fosters 40% of the Egyptian Industries which represents

serious negative impacts on the environment, the integrity and life

expectancy of the sewerage infrastructure as well as operation and

maintenance of the treatment facilities.

Industrial background of Alexandria city

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Misr chemicals co.Sodium carbonate Co.

Alex petroleum co.

ElMex tanneries complexEl Mex pump stations

Different Industries, located at the west of

Alexandria

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Different Industries, located at the west of Alexandria

Misr Petroleum

Amriya Petroleum

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Misr Petroleum Merghem

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Salt and Soda Co.

Petrochemicals Co.

Sidi Krir for petrochemicals Co.

Alex Fiber Co.

Industrial background of Alexandria city

Borg El-Arab is a new industrial city within Alexandria containing around 1200 factory distributed within four industrial zones. Since 2008, the sanitary system including the treatment plant of Borg El-Arab was handed to Alexandria Sanitary Drainage

Industrial activities includes: food, plastics, paper, weaving, building materials, chemical, pharmaceutical and various industries….etc .

The distribution of industrial activities was investigated to identify type of industry and its location.

Industrial background of Borg el Arab city

Industrial background of Alexandria city In most industries, wastewater effluents result from the following water

uses:

1) Sanitary wastewater (from washing, drinking);

2) Cooling (from disposing of excess heat to the environment);

3) Process wastewater (including both water used for making and washing products and for removal and transport of waste and by-products);

And 4) Cleaning (including wastewater from cleaning and maintenance of industrial areas) (Abdulrzzak Alturkmani) Company (ASDCO) for management.

Current situation of industrial water reuse at Alexandria.

According to the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation estimates, the reused water from domestic and industrial applications will reach a value of 1.5 bcm/y in the year 2025, which is less than 20% of the share of domestic and industrial water used

Most industrial effluent reuse activities are concentrated in paper , sugar beet and Marble industries where water is reused “as it is”, the reuse this way is because it is an essential step in the production process and not based on economic feasibility.

Current situation of industrial water reuse at Alexandria.

According to our search no industries are willing to consider using treated effluent from Alexandria wastewater

treatment plants in any industrial activities, due to the concern about the:

safety of using this effluent and the risk of loosing their market.

Taking into account that other sources of clean water are available in affordable prices. However, some industries

reuse their own treated effluent within their property (ex:Rakta Paper Company).

Actually

Industrial water reuse has no place

at Alexandria city

Why?

The answer is

Water price and water price and water price

And

Lack of available low cost industrial effluent treatment technologies

Water reuse standards must protect both public health and the environment and must be suitable for end reuse objectives and the method of applicationWastewater reuse for municipal and industrial

applications so far remains a perception, religion, available technology and politics

Effluent reuse for industrial applications in Alexandria city remains at the beginning stages of adoption as well as most of the Mediterranean Countries

Governmental regulation controlling industrial effluent reuse

Governmental regulation controlling industrial effluent reuse

There is no regulation for Egyptian Industrial water reuse, but just individual reuse activities depending on feasibility factors, some of pollution load reduction activities and final product quality.

Egyptian effluent reuse regulation (will be updated soon) is only recommended for the irrigation of forestry and tree plantations (regulated by Law No. 12 of 1984, Ministerial Decrees No. 44 of 2000 and No. 171 of 2005) to which all guidelines refer.

Different factors affecting industrial water reuse at Alexandria

• Water PriceFor most industries the price of cubic meter of water is 2.56 L.E. ( 0.33 $), + sewerage tariff (range between 75-90%), accordingly the total cost will range between 4.48 and 4.86 L.E. ( 0.58-0.64 $), this makes the industries in no need to reuse water (unfeasible).

• Amount of water consumptionDifferent industrial water reuse activities are concentrated in high consuming water industries such as Paper and Marble. The rest of Alexandria industries don’t give much interest in water reuse.

Different factors affecting industrial water reuse at Alexandria (contd.)

• Necessity to reuseTo benefit from raw material in waste water (as a recovery technique) ex. Paper industries.

ETAB paper company

Different factors affecting industrial water reuse at Alexandria (contd.)

• Cost of industrial effluent treatment.Most industries use end pipe treatment technology not the new concepts of zero waste or clean production technologies.

• Type of product where all industries prefer to reuse industrial water in non-food products.

• Lack of Maximum consumption limit for each industrial sector as applied in other countries.

Government initiatives encouraging industrial water recycling

• There is no governmental encouraging Incentives for industries who reuse water.

• There is economical incentives for some industries related to operational productivity costs.

• There is a relation between industrial water reuse and the payment of bills of high pollution loads.

• The fear of pollution penalties could be a reuse forcing action.

Recommendations to enhance industrial water reuse.

• There should be Incentives from the government for industries who reuse water.

• Advising industries to use zero waste or clean production technologies to enhance the quality of water to be reused.

• The reuse of Alexandria treated wastewater in industrial applications, such as water boilers and cooling towers, should be encouraged.

Recommendations to enhance industrial water reuse.

Industrial water reuse projects should be designed as an

integral part of the overall network water resources plan.

Water reuse standards must protect both public health and the environment and must be suitable for end reuse objectives and the method of application.

Recommendations to enhance industrial water reuse

Quality standards should be consistent for direct and indirect reuse

Quality of reclaimed water must be customized to users’ needs

The appropriateness of the institutional framework is critical , since the

success of a reuse project requires the support of many stakeholders

groups

social acceptance of urban reuse is a matter of trust between the

citizens and water authorities

Why Optimise reuse in Alexandria industries now

Optimisation of water use in industry to:Decreasing water withdrawals from Alexandria

water treatment plants thus increasing water availability and improving recent water problems.

Increasing productivity per water input.Decreasing waste water discharges and their

pollutant load so increasing the performance of Alexandria wastewater treatment plants;

Reducing thermal energy consumption and potentially processing cost as well as minimizing the recent energy problems .

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Finally ,effective industrial water reuse at Alexandria city is one of the main effective keys of minimizing pollution

problems impacts.

:REFERENCES

1. “REVIEW OF WASTEWATER REUSE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES, FOCUSING ON REGULATIONS AND POLICIES FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS”, Global NEST Journal, Vol 15, No 3, pp 333 350, 2013.

2- Technologies For Industrial Water Reuse

3- “PROSPECTS OF WATER REUSE IN EGYPT “, El-Sayed M. A.Rassoul, Tenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC10 2006, Alexandria, Egypt.

Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-01005201367

e-mail : drhelalley@yahoo.com