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Dr. Darlie Koshy PhD(IIT.D) DG & CEO, Apparel Training & Design Centre
(ATDC: India’s largest Quality Vocational Training Provider for Apparel Sector with over 200 Centres Pan-India) Former Director, NID Ahmedabad, Gandhi Nagar, Bangalore (2000-2009)
Founding Head of Fashion Management, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi (1987-2000) www.darliekoshy.com
Skills, Productivity & Benchmarks
Session Keynote Address
Towards a Learning Eco-System
From “Alice in Wonderland” ― Lewis Carroll
Where is India’s current skilling strategy headed?
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
Strategic Direction for Skilling India’s Aspirational Youth
Service sector
(54%)
Manufacturing/
Industry Sector
(29%)
Agriculture
Sector
(17%)
• Agriculture (approx. 52% employment) • Manufacturing / Industry Sector (approx. 23% employment) • Service Sector (approx. 25% employment)
Skills For
Often Forgotten Defence: Airforce, Army, Navy mandating two years of mandatory military (preferable) service for boys may be a good idea given the increasing unemployment and need for a disciplined nation
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
Workforce with Formal Skills Training India - 2.3% USA – 52% UK - 68% Germany - 75% Japan – 80% South Korea – 96%
“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I - I took the one less travelled by, and that has made all the difference”- Robert Frost
Indian Economy / GDP
Emergence of Industry Revolution 4.0
Industry 4.0 is a name for the current trend of automation and Cyber Physical manufacturing technologies. Developed economy like Germany, Sweden and Switzerland are preferring the youth for higher order skills and jobs.
Industry 4.0 creates "smart factory"
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
Also “SMART Agriculture”, “SMART Artificial Intelligence - led services”
Demographic Opportunities 2022
• $1 Trillion: in 60 Years (1947-2007)
• $2 Trillion: in 10 Years ( 2007-2017)
• $4Trillion: by 2022 ( will it achieve given the current slowdown?)
Indian Economy
India’s Demographic Dividend or Demographic Disaster ?
India’s golden spot of opportunity from 2017 -2035 World’s youngest work force with a median age way below that of China & OECD Countries “Skilling” without creating demand for skills or opening up sufficient employment opportunities is fraught with danger
India turns 75 years Post-Independence
Advantage Points: CHI–INDIA • Return per $ wages:
China: 1.83 India: 1.37
• Work force:
China: Works in ‘Full Capacity’ India: Much scope of Improvement (“Hidden Factory ” eg: Apparel Factories at 33% capacity )
• Work environment:
China: 45% unorganized Sector India: 84% of labour in unorganized Sector
• Distribution:
China: 71% of women in working age are in workforce India: only 39% of female workers in working age
• Education Index: Wide Gap between China & India
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
Some Benchmarks
“Benchmarks is not always about what is common to the top players but what can be different and unique”
2-pronged Strategy going forward
• From “Training Centres” to “Learning Centres” • From “Training Ecosystem” to “Learning Eco System”
• Kerala Model ASAP (Additional Skill Acquisition Programme) eg: ATDC’s 57 Batches
• Tamil Nadu Model RUSA (Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan)
System Evaluation of TPs
Online Monitoring
800 + 573 Engineering College – Vacant Ones – Technical Colleges, said to be shutting down by with AICTE
• RPL (Recognition of Prior-learning) • World Skills Centres / Multi- Skilling Centres ( overall improvement of Skill level)
2017-2022 : low hanging fruits
2022-2035
• Focus on Longer-duration – High order Skills- Redefining Service & Manufacturing Sectors in the light of Industry 4.0
• Focus on Full Service (300 hrs to 3000 hrs) training provider & even Colleges / Institutes/ Universities
Disruptive change required: Training Ecosystem” to “Learning Ecosystem” Reorienting the organisations is the biggest challenge
Implementing “Sharda Prasad Report” on top Priority
ATDC wins “Best Training Service Provider” award for 2015-16 by
ASAP Govt. of Kerala Based on 30 parameters for the 15-
16 Regular batches and 2017 summer batches' execution among
52 TPs.
Capacity of TSP > Pre Training > Training > Assessment > Extra Initiatives > Other
Future of Jobs in Textile - Apparel Value Chain
How do we create more jobs? How do we add more entrepreneurs for the Value Chain?
Probability
Occupation
0.004 Choreographers
0.0049 Fabric & Apparel Patternmakers
0.0055 Set and Exhibit Designers
0.015 Multimedia Artists & Animators
0.021 Fashion Designers, Photographers
0.022 Interior Designers
0.035 Craft Artists
0.042 Fine Artists, Sculptors & Illustrators
0.047 Floral Designers
0.082 Graphic Designers
0.38 Packers & Packagers, Hand
0.61 Costume Attendants
0.64 Cutters and Trimmers, Hand
0.71 Laundry & Dry-Cleaning Workers
0.73 Textile Knitting & Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders
0.81 Pressers, Textile, Garment, & Related Materials
0.84 Tailors, Dress Makers & Custom Sewers
0.89 Sewing Machine Operators
0.92 Retail Salespersons
COMPUTERISATION/AUTOMATION
Probability
Occupation
0.95 Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators & Tenders
0.95 Jewellers & Precious Stone & Metal Workers
0.96 Textile Winding, Twisting & Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators & Tenders
0.96 Fabric Menders, Except Garment
0.97 Textile Bleaching & Dyeing Machine Operators & Tenders
* Source: The future of Employment by Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A Osborne ( Sept’ 2013)
(Note : Illustrative only )
TECHNOLOGIES WILL DISRUPT THIS SECTOR :- 3D Printing Body Scanning Technology Computer-aided Design Wearable Technologies Nano- Technologies Environment friendly sustainable manufacturing technique Robotic/ Automation/ Artificial Intelligence
Least Probability to High Probability
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
New Age Skills for “Future Workforce”
Sense Making
Social Intelligence
Novel & Adaptive Thinking
Cross Cultural
Competency
Computational Thinking
New- Media Literacy
Trans-disciplinarity
Design Mind-set
Cognitive Load
Management
Virtual Collaboration
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
Future is Now…
,2016
www.darliekoshy.com
Generic & Essential Skills Across T & A Value Chain
Cognitive Abilities ( like creativity, problem solving, logical reasoning etc.)
Physical Abilities (Like Physical Strength, Manual Strength etc.)
Content Skills (focused on active learning, reading, comprehension, etc.)
Process Skills ( Like Critical Thinking, Active Listening etc.)
Cross Functional Skills - Social Skills - Systems Skills - Complex Problem Solving Skills - Resource Management Skills - Technical Skills
Also Maximum Skill Demand is estimated to be for complex Problem Skills (36%) followed by Social Skills (19%) and Process Skills(16%) till 2020
New Approach to ‘Learning Ecosystem ’
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
“Skill should not only capture value, but create value for the whole value chain
Cross-Functional Skills cannot be provided by entry-level Skill Centres : Focus need to be on upgraded ITIs/ Engineering Colleges/ Full service Vocational Training Providers etc.
World Skills based “Grouping” for setting up “Learning Centres” Intra-sectral / inter-sectral flexibility and mobility will be advantageous on the face of Job Losses .
setting up new centres along the lines of the
existing World Class Skill Centre
The courses offered by the centres will
evolve as per requirements of the local
industries of each regional State
The World Skills Competitions have Identified Just Six Groupings for all the sectors
Creative Arts & Fashion
Transport and Logistics
Social and personal services
Construction and Building Technology
Information and Communication Technology
Manufacturing and Engineering Technology
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
“Bouquet of Skills”
Reskilling and Continuous Learning… creating “learning organisations” instead of “training organisations”
• Identify ‘Skill sets’ and ‘Performance Gaps’
• Assess Corporate ‘Learner’s Strengths’
• Evaluate ‘Pain Point’ and Use Online
Training sources to ‘Reskill’, ‘Upskill’ and
even acquire ‘New-skill’ (RUN Strategy)
• Plan Ahead: Skills needed in the ‘immediate
future’ context with a 12-24 months runway
Eg: In Indian Apparel Factories “Supervisory
Skills” is the “Achilles” Heel / lack of Industrial
Engineering (IE) is major lacunae
Becoming “Learner-Centric”
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
Upskilling
Survey findings of “India Inc’s Middle order Crisis” a report by Emeritus Institutes of Management, May 2016, which is based on survey of 350 C- suite level executives of IT/ITES manufacturing and BFSI sectors in India
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
Newskilling School Dropouts / School Leavers
• 13.5% are dropouts of children aged 15-16 years, compared to 4.6% of 11-14 years old children according to ASER 2016 survey.
• Across India, Madhya Pradesh had the highest proportion of children in ages 15-16
years (23.6%), who were dropouts. Gujarat being the second highest with 19.3% and UP (18.7%), Chhattisgarh (17.5%) and Rajasthan (16.5%)–are among the top five states.
World Skills Competitions and World Standards in Skills
World Skills 2011 London • Gold Switzerland
• Silver Macao China
• Bronze Chinese Taipei, Thailand
Marks 451/500 Scale
Position : 16/17
World Skills 2013 Leipzig • Gold Finland
• Silver France
• Bronze Chinese Taipei, Switzerland
Marks 441/500 Scale
Position : 20/21
World Skills 2015 Sao Paulo • Gold Chinese Taipei
• Silver Brazil
• Bronze China
Marks 492/500 Scale
Position : 17/25
• Malaysia joined in 1962, • South Korea joined in 1966, • USA joined in 1973, • Macau (China) joined in 1993, • Singapore had joined in 1993 • Hong Kong (China) joined in 1997 • India had joined only in 2007 and as evidence suggests these countries have progressed rapidly in terms of “Skill Levels”.
Towards Global Benchmarks
World-Skill Competitions are showcasing the value of skills & raising the recognition of skilled professionals worldwide.
Focus on Employment and Empowerment of Women
Soft & Life Skills training under P.A.C.E. by Gap Inc.
Tourism, Hospitality, Wellness & Beauty, Apparel & Fashion preferred job profiles for women : A case for reserving the entry level jobs in such sectors for women for increasing the number of women workforce
Key Parameters for Impact Assessment of Skill Development
Quality of Skills, Quality of Life
Short Term Indicators Long Term Indicators
Enrollment Size of Trainees
Attendance Assessment
Internal Assessment of Theory
Internal assessment of Practical
Third Party Assessment
Successful Certification
Wage Based Placement
Self-Employment Placement
6 Month Post Placement Tracking
Social Empowerment
Economic Empowerment
Household Livelihood
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
ATDC SMART
ATDC AVI
ATDC B. VOC
UG Programmes with RGNYID under Ministry of
Youth Affairs & Sports 30 ATDC-SKPs approved
by AICTE for B. Voc.Degrees
From 4 months to 1 year 65 VTPs / 56 TP approved by NSDC, MSDE approved by DGT (Ministry of Skill
Development)
NSQF Level 05-07 NSQF Level 04-05 NSQF Level 01-03
400-500 Candidates being Trained per
annum
6000- 7500 Candidates being
Trained per annum
45,000-50,000 Candidates being
Trained per annum
NSQF: National Skill Qualification Framework (MSDE| NSDA)
Upto 3- 4 months Approved by NSDC, MSDE
as per common norms
400-1040 Hrs of Training 270-400 Hrs of Training 1800-3000 Hrs of Training
ATDC’s Step-ladder Comprehensive Eco-System for Vocational Training in Textile- Apparel Value Chain
Monthly Wages : Rs 12,000-18,000/-
Monthly Wages : Rs 18,000-25,000/- Monthly Wages :
Rs 6,500-12,000/-
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017
More durable-sustainable Multi-Skill centres for large employment creating labour Intensive sectors
Textile & Apparel Industry’s expected growth by 2024-25
About 35 million additional jobs expected to be created *Source: Vision, Strategy & Action plan Document, MOT, GOI for Indian Textile & Apparel Sector
Respond to Aspirational of Indian Youth
Adapting the T- Shaped Skills(Gazelle Model) for Skilling the “Indian Fashion Eco-system”
• Gazelle approach ( group of over 22 colleges spread across Scotland, Ireland) has challenged both ‘traditional pedagogy’ and the ‘narrow emphasis’ on just technical skills
• Attempt to give Prominence to ‘personal
development’ and ‘employability’ “A new model in emerging, where success in
public services demands the ability to grapple with complexity, prioritise ruthlessly and innovate constantly in order to cut a path through the jungle of inertia created by the democratic
context.” (very true for India!)
“T Shaped skills have been at the centre of Gazelle mission”
- Cathy Walsh Principal & CEO, Barking & Degenham College
Breadth of Capabilities and Qualities
Dep
th o
f Te
chn
ical
Cap
abili
ties
NEW Aspirational Model of Skilling going forward in Innovation / Creative Economy
© Dr. Darlie Koshy 2017