Toward Improved ROI: Outcomes of Researching Current Pay-Per-View Practices Connie Mead Wheaton College, Operations Group Leader Steve Oberg Wheaton College, Electronic Resources and Serials Librarian The Charleston Conference November 5, 2015 What this session is about Presents outcomes of ongoing work to create an executive summary of current pay-per-view (PPV) practices, to be published by Against the Grain. Built on a talk given at last year's conference on the pros and cons of journal article PPV. See writeupions/4 and slides at ions/4 What this session is about Provides insights from a preliminary literature review and focuses on one of the case studies. Highlights the concrete benefits for the PPV approach for many types of libraries, as well as for content providers. Argues that moving in the PPV direction can provide improved user access to content with better ROI on collection dollars. Process we followed The process Three collaborators Marija Markovic (Acute Source, Inc.) Connie Mead (Wheaton College (IL)) Steve Oberg (Wheaton College (IL)) Each of us has different perspectives and experiences with PPV Make use of shared Google Drive space for full collaboration Outline of the executive summary Why PPV? What are its pros and cons? Literature review and other sources of information Case study 1: Wheaton College (IL) Case study 2: A special library in the healthcare sector PPV permutations (ebook chapters; streaming video; journal articles) Decision tree (idea is to allow someone to use as a checklist for determining fit) Literature review insights Sources Bibliography is available at: Common themes Interesting quotes Staking out the full potential of PPV is an endeavor that will only succeed if libraries and publishers are both willing to work in a partnership that embraces collaboration and experimentation. (Carr and Collins 2009, 277) Interesting quotes Staking out the full potential of PPV is an endeavor that will only succeed if libraries and publishers are both willing to work in a partnership that embraces collaboration and experimentation. (Carr and Collins 2009, 277) Interesting quotes Usage was hard to predict: less than a quarter of articles ordered on the PPV service came from journals previously on subscription. (Sowards 2013, 314) Interesting quotes Usage was hard to predict: less than a quarter of articles ordered on the PPV service came from journals previously on subscription. (Sowards 2013, 314) Interesting quotes Taken to their logical extreme, these strategies aim to provide one article for one reader for one time, rather than all articles for all readers for all time, reversing the approach that has been implicit in traditional library collection development for both print and electronic formats. (Sowards 2013, ) Interesting quotes Taken to their logical extreme, these strategies aim to provide one article for one reader for one time, rather than all articles for all readers for all time, reversing the approach that has been implicit in traditional library collection development for both print and electronic formats. (Sowards 2013, ) Interesting quotes As for the long-term effects to the librarys collections, it is a question of ownership versus access. PPV may not be right for every library, especially those libraries with commitments to developing and preserving their collections, though some feel that declining budgets and electronic access to information has made the model of libraries as great repositories of knowledge unsustainable. (Fought 2014, 195) Interesting quotes As for the long-term effects to the librarys collections, it is a question of ownership versus access. PPV may not be right for every library, especially those libraries with commitments to developing and preserving their collections, though some feel that declining budgets and electronic access to information has made the model of libraries as great repositories of knowledge unsustainable. (Fought 2014, 195) Interesting quotes After fruitless discussions with the publisher, we gave up the mediated model and used immediate access within our IP arrangement. This way, any user who signed onto the librarys network could spend tokens. To our patrons, PPV in this model looked no different than traditional subscriptions. (Zhang 2012, 3-4) Interesting quotes After fruitless discussions with the publisher, we gave up the mediated model and used immediate access within our IP arrangement. This way, any user who signed onto the librarys network could spend tokens. To our patrons, PPV in this model looked no different than traditional subscriptions. (Zhang 2012, 3-4) Prize for the most insightful article Carr, Patrick L., and Maria Collins Acquiring Articles through Unmediated, User-Initiated Pay- Per-View Transactions: An Assessment of Current Practices. Serials Review 35 (4): 27277. doi: /j.serrev Definitions Pay-Per-View (PPV) Definitions Pay-per-view allows access to content for which you do not have a subscription or own Pay-per-view (PPV) is a form of what is commonly known as Demand-Driven Acquisitions (DDA) (a.k.a. Patron-Driven Acquisitions (PDA)) but focused on journal articles, as well as book chapters, streaming video, etc. Pay-Per-View (PPV) Definitions Historically librarians preselect what content users need and then provide that selection. PPV and DDA provide users access to a broader spectrum of content, and allow them to choose content that meets their needs. For PPV, we pay content providers an upfront sum from which PPV transactions are subtracted. For Wheaton, access to PPV articles is generally seamless for users, and virtually the same as obtaining access to a subscribed journal article. Sage is the exception. PPV Account works like a bank account in which you buy bundles (deposits) and draw down a token for each view until the balance is depleted. Annual access to PPV allows unlimited views to all unsubscribed titles, with some exceptions noted in advance. Publisher sets a flat 12-month fee for your account. Prepay for annual access. Intermediate service contract with a vendor service to obtains PPV on your behalf from the publishers. The service will negotiate a cost per view with numerous publishers, and offer all their clients access to these publishers titles. This type of account offers you access to numerous publishers titles from a single source. Types of Institutional PPV Credit Card account each view is paid for at point of request via a credit card charge. Each view transaction has a corresponding credit card charge, e.g. two views: two separate credit charge transactions. Publisher has tiered pricing and can change titles within each tier at any time. Day, Week, Month Pass allows access to publisher titles for a specified duration, such as 24 hours, 7 days, or 30 days. Access can allow for unlimited volume, tiered volume ranges, or paying for each download in addition to the access pass. Types of Institutional PPV Case study (Wheaton College (IL)) Escalating serials subscription costs In 2010, Big Deal packages were huge portion of our budget, especially Sage, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Wiley Fiscal accountability questions High costs for these Big Deals Low usage of as much as 70% of titles within the Big Deals from these three publishers No money to acquire new resources (e-journals, e- books, databases, backfiles, etc.) Wheaton College PPV Case Study Control costs of titles from Sage, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Wiley Add more titles from these three publishers Have money available to acquire new resources (e-journals, e-books, databases, etc. ) retain our other resources, despite price increases Wheaton needed to: In 2011, Big Deals had taken over our budget FY10 Actual FY11 if Status Quo Three Publishers Big Deal Packages Sage Premier Collection ScienceDirect Collection Wiley Standard Collection & Wiley Core Collection $ 217$ 239 % of Total Acquisition Budget 23%25% We dropped Big Deals, switched to PPV FY10 Actual (000) FY11 if Status Quo (000) FY11 Actual (000) FY12 Actual (000) FY13 Actual (000) FY14 Actual (000) FY15 Actual (000) Three Publishers Big Deal Packages $217$239 $154$95$121$159$180 % of Total Acquisition Budget 23%25%15%9%11%14%15% Heres what we did FY11FY12FY13 FY15 Dropped Big Deal packages Sage Elsevier SD part of Wiley rest of WileyNo packages Added Pay-Per-View (PPV) Sage Elsevier SD Wiley Continued Added Select Subscriptions Sage Elsevier SD Wiley Continued Negotiated separate subscription licenses Sage Elsevier SD Wiley Continued Negotiated separate PPV license Sage Elsevier SD Wiley Continued and how we did it 2431 For each title in a package, we: Analyzed usage stats Recorded current subscription price Defined new subscription cost Calculated cost- per-use by year, also average of 2 or 3 years Determined titles we wanted regardless of what their cost per use Worked with publisher to understand PPV options and associated costs Based on cost- per-use vs. PPV costs, selected title by title subscriptions vs. and titles to access via PPV Result November 1 December 2010 Wheaton and Publisher conversations about 2011 pricing and last date for changes to account for 2011 December Wheaton and Publisher discuss PPV and Publisher options. Wheaton notifies Publisher of Big Deal package cancelation, desired title-by-title subscriptions, and initial PPV bundle quantity. Initial set-up was time consuming: 4 months for us January 2011 Publisher sends one contract with both types of access but Wheaton requests two separate contracts because terms are so different. Wheaton negotiates for contract terms to match November December discussions. Term issues were a) wrong price b) expiration timeframe of PPV tokens c) purchase of additional downloads not extending agreement d) collection accessible with PPV service e) subscribed title backfile access f) one-year agreement term g) authorized uses for subscribed titles to include intranet, internet, coursepacks, 3rd party, ILL February 2011 Publisher revises contract terms several times to meet Wheaton expectations, based on Nov Jan negotiations. Wheaton Library Director calls Publisher to expedite order. March 2011 Wheaton gains access to 2011 content through subscribed titles and PPV Initial set-up was time consuming: 4 months for us Cancelled Elsevier SD journals package Obtained quotes & started individual subscriptions Negotiated PPV program enrollment Bought blocks of PPV to obtain volume discount Negotiated & signed separate licenses for subscriptions vs PPV Gave patrons direct access to PPV Lets look more Elsevier ScienceDirect as an example Elsevier ScienceDirect: Our Cost Experience FY10 Actual FY11 if Status Quo FY11 Actual FY12 Actual FY13 Actual FY14 Actual FY15 Actual Package Cost 100%104% Select subscripti ons & PPV costs n/a 51% 63%80%98% as % of FY10 Package cost Elsevier ScienceDirect: Our Usage and Access Experience CY10 Actual CY11 Actual CY12 Actual CY13 Actual CY14 Actual CY15 Estimate # Titles with subscripti on access # Titles with PPV access 0All Elsevier titles, except approx per year Successful full text views/down loads 1,8002,0003,4003,9004,8005,400 For Elsevier SD, costs went down, then trended up whereas usage trended up at higher rate of growth Wheaton Total Annual PPV Article Downloads FY14 Actual FY15 Actual FY16 Estimate Number Journal Article PPV 7,6009,30013,000 Includes, Elsevier, Sage, Nature (new 2015), Wiley Pay attention to subscribed title backfile access and negotiate for best terms, generally years of backfile access with the current year subscription Ask about PPV discounts if you retain a specified number of subscriptions If publisher insists on making your title-by-title subscriptions a package with restrictions on fluidity of titles, insure your license matches to calendar year thus expiring each year-end Buy PPV bundles in largest quantity you can and negotiate price Some tips, from our experience Negotiate PPV terms PPV valid for 12 months Refreshing life of PPV balance with each new purchase Regularly monitor and analyze your PPV usage vs subscribed titles. Also, perpetual access to lapsed subscription titles. Insure not being charged PPV for subscribed title content If PPV access is unavailable for prolonged periods of time or you have to help publisher test resolution of issues, negotiate for PPV credits When negotiating annual subscriptions or additional PPV purchases, work with your sales rep, not customer service, to insure proper coordination of your subscriptions and PPV Some tips, from our experience Questions? Connie Mead (630) Steve Oberg (630) We would be happy to hear from you