TOURISM THEORY AND PRACTICE

HOTEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMEN

PEDAGOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

Presented to: Hector Garcia LopezPresented by: Hugo Hernan Sanchez Baez

3th September 2010

Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience, including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home.

What is Tourism? (WTO)

“Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs."

DEFINITIONS OF TOURISM

MATHIESON AND WALL (1982)

“Tourism is the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting these tourists and other visitors."

DEFINITIONS OF TOURISM

MACINTOSH AND GOELDNER (1986)

EXCURSIONIST is a person traveling for pleasure in a period less than 24 hours (Macintosh and Goeldner, 1986).

Other terms of interest

FOREIGN TOURIST is any person visiting a country, other than that in which he/she usually resides, for a period of at least 24 hours (Committee of Statistical Experts of the League of Nations, 1937).

VISITOR is any person visiting a country other than that in which he/she has his/her usual place of residence, for any reason other than following an occupation remunerated from within the country visited (United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism, 1963).

TRAVEL is the act of moving outside one's home community for business or pleasure but not for commuting or traveling to or from school (Macintosh and Goeldner, 1986).

The type and availability of transportation will determine travel destinations. The development of accommodations were likewise determined by the development of transportation systems.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

STAGECOACH (1500 A.D.) Invented in Hungary.

RAILROADS (1825)First passenger train was in England.

BOATS & SHIPS (early 400 B.C., but first ocean liner 1840).

AUTOMOBILE (1908) Henry Ford's Model T. AIR TRAVEL (1919) by what is now know as

Lufthansa Airline. SPACE TRAVEL (2015) estimated date for

passenger travel into suborbital space.

These systems are

ATTRACTIONS Natural Resources Culture Ethnicity Entertainment X-treme Tourism

FACILITIES Lodging Food & Beverage Support Services Infrastructure

Transportation Time and Money

Hospitality Hospitality

DIMENSIONS OF TOURISM

Time Money Mobility Motivation

ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TOURISM

Advocacy platform: 1950's - 1960's. Tourism considered an ideal activity with few negative impacts for tourist destinations. Government should promote tourism.

Cautionary platform: 1970's. Proposed that tourism would eventually result in negative impacts for tourism destinations unless it was carefully planned and regulated.

Adaptancy platform: 1980"s. Promoted less mass tourism and more alternative tourism. Alternative tourism included: home stays; cultural villages and volunteer tourism.

Knowledge-based platform: 1990's. Promotes planning for specific tourism activities and destinations which attempt to scientifically determine impacts and capacities for tourism destinations.

JAFARI'S FOUR PLATFORMS

1) A FORM OF TOURISM. The most common reason for travel is visiting friends and relatives (VFR). A "tourist" will also travel outside of their normal residence and spend a specific amount of time at a destination.

ECOTOURISMFour core criteria of ecotourism

2) The attractions are based primarily on a natural environment (ecosystem) or some component of that environment. It also may have a cultural component associated with the natural environment.

3) All visitors are motivated by the opportunity to gain knowledge or appreciation of a natural area or culture.

4) THE SUSTAINABILITY is a critical factor in any ecotourism definition. It is "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"  (WCED, 1987, p. 43).

NATURE-BASED TOURISM. Any type of tourism that relies on attractions directly related to the natural environment.. Ecotourism is a subset of nature-based tourism.

CULTURAL TOURISM. Cultural tourism's focus is on the cultural aspects of a visitor's experience.

ECOTOURISM AND OTHER TOURISM TYPES

ADVENTURE TOURISM. This includes: an element of risk; a higher level of physical exertion; and a need for specialized skills to participate successfully and safely in the activity.

HYBRIDS. These forms of tourism address complex and multi-faceted visitor experiences. They include: trekking, ACE tourism (adventure, culture and ecotourism);  and NEAT (nature-based, ecotourism, and adventure tourism).

ECOTOURISM AND OTHER TOURISM TYPES

3S (SEA, SAND AND SUN) TOURISM. Tourism based mostly on mass tourism (resort).

ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AND MASS TOURISM. This spans the variety of tourism form small-scale to mass tourism. One being no better or worse that the other depending on the impacts and sustainability of the activities.

ECOTOURISM AND OTHER TOURISM TYPES

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM. An area of sustainable tourism that includes all ecotourism, most of alternative tourism and mass tourism.

ECOTOURISM AND OTHER TOURISM TYPES

NATURE BASED IN TURISM

Is the relationship between the quantity that tourism enterprises provided. tourism enterprises wish to sell at various prices and the quantity of tourism services that consumers wish to buy.

SUPPLY AND DEMAND

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