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TopologyPresented By : Ravi Kumar

Roll No : JU-1112-0015

What is Topology ?The topology defines the shape and structure of a Local Area Network (LAN) or other communications system. Topologies are either physical or logical

The physical layout of devices on a network, or the way that the devices on a network are arranged and how they communicate with each other. The way that the workstations are connected to the network through the actual cables that transmit data –the physical structure of the network -- is called the physical topology.

Physical Topology

Logical TopologyThe logical topology, in contrast, is the way that the signals act on the network media, or the way that the data passes through the network from one device to the next without regard to the physical interconnection of the devices

Types Of TopologiesDifferent types of topologies are

• Single Node Topology• Bus Topology• Star Topology• Ring Topology• Mesh Topology• Tree and Hybrid Topology

Single Node TopologyIn a single node Topology, just a single device called a dumb terminal is connected to the server.

Advantages Of Single Node Topology are:

Easy to Install , configure and manage Least expensive , as a ‘Dumb Terminal’ is the cheapest computer Single cable is required

Disadvantages Of Single Node Topology are:

Only a single device is connected in the entire network Dumb Terminal is dependent on the server for resource

Bus TopologyBus topology connects each device to a single cable and at either end of the cable terminatoris used to remove unsent data from the cable

Advantages Of Bus Topology are: Easy to connect a device to linear bus Requires less cable Less expansive than other topologies Works better for smaller networks

Disadvantages Of Bus Topology are: Entire network gets affected if there is a break in the main cable Terminators are required at both end of the backbone cable Difficult to detect the faulty device Limited number of devices can be attached Heavy traffic and addition of devices degrades the performance Expansive than single node topology

Star TopologyIn star topology , multiple devices are connected to a central concentration point known as Hub or Switch.

Advantages Of Star Topology are:

Easy to install , configure and manage Easy to detect faulty device Easier to expand Connecting or removing device does not affects the network Hub provides a centralized management

Disadvantages Of Star Topology are:Increased devices causes traffic which makes the network slowRequires more cable length than a linear topologyHub failure leads to network failureMore expensive

Ring TopologyIn a ring topology , data travels around the loop in one direction and passes through each device.

Advantages Of Ring Topology are:

Disadvantages Of Ring Topology are:

Easier to manage as compared to bus topologyHandles large volume of trafficVery reliable and offers great speedProvides a good communication over a long distanceNo terminators are required

More cable wires compared to bus topology are requiredOne faulty device affects the entire networkAddition and changes of devices can affects the network

Mesh TopologyIn a mesh topology , every device is connected to each and every node in the network with many redundant interconnections and at least two paths to and from every node.

Advantages Of Mesh Topology are:

Disadvantages Of Mesh Topology are:

Provides redundant paths which help in sending data using an alternate path if a specific path fails to send the data Entire network does not affected by one faulty device Centralized management is not required as in star topology Easy to detect the faulty device

More cabling is required as compared to bus, star and ring topologiesEach link from one device to another requires an individual NICVery expansive as compared to Bus ,Star and Ring topologiesData carrying capacity is underutilized unless all devices are transmitting almost constantly Difficult to configure

Tree TopologyTree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks using bus topology.

Advantages Of Ring Topology are:Point-to-Point wiring for each deviceEasy to detect a faulty deviceEasy to expand a network

Disadvantages Of Ring Topology are:More difficult to configure as compared to other topologiesFault in the backbone affects the entire networkMore expansive than other topologiesOverall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used

Hybrid TopologyHybrid topology is combination of different topologies such as star-Bus or Star-Ring

Advantages Of Hybrid Topology are: Useful for implementing larger networks Handles larger volume of traffic Easy to detect and remove faulty devices

Disadvantages Of Hybrid Topology are: More cabling is required as compared to all other topologies More expensive than all other topologies Complex structure MAU is required Installation and reconfiguration is difficult

Created By : Ravi Kumar