Topics : States of Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Physical and Chemical Changes
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Transcript of Topics : States of Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Physical and Chemical Changes
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Topics:1.States of Matter2.Pure Substances3.Mixtures4.Physical and Chemical Changes5.Law of Conservation of Mass
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Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.
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States of Matter
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•Computer chips and integrated circuits
•Computer hard drives
•Electronics
•Machine tools
•Medical implants and prosthetics
•Audio and video tapes
•Aircraft and automobile engine parts
•Printing on plastic food containers
•Energy-efficient window coatings
•High-efficiency window coatings
•Safe drinking water
•Voice and data communications components
•Anti-scratch and anti-glare coatings on eyeglasses and other optics
Uses of Plasma
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Matter(materials)
Substances Mixtures
Elements CompoundsHomogeneousmixtures(solutions)
Heterogeneousmixtures
Physical processes
Chemical
reactions
Classification of Matter
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• Fixed composition
• Cannot be separated into simpler substances by
physical changes
• Only changed chemically
• Properties don’t change.
Characteristics of Pure Substances
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Compounds• 2 or more elements
chemically combined
• Formula, Molecule• Ex. Water, Carbon
Dioxide, Oxygen gas
• H2O, CO2, O2
Elements
• Cannot be broken down by chemical means
• Ex. Gold, Sodium, Copper, Oxygen
• Single symbols, atoms
• Au, Na, Cu, O
2 Types of Pure Substances – All use symbols!
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• 2 or more substances NOT chemically bonded.
• No formulas or symbols
•Variable composition
•Parts keep individual properties
•Separated into pure substances by physical methods
What is a Mixture?
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Homogeneous VS Heterogeneous•Look the same throughout
•Examples
•Solutions
•Solute & Solvent
•Don’t look the same throughout or have different size particles
•Examples
•Suspension
•Colloid (liq/solid)
•Emulsion (liq/liq)
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Physical Properties – observed & measured w/o changing substance
• Density
• Size
• Boiling Pt.
• Shape
• Mass
• Texture
• Melting Pt.
• Strength
• Hardness
• Magnetism
• Color
• Volume
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What do physical properties determine?
• Determine uses for item.–Aluminum for foil
–Isopropyl alcohol for cooling
–Graphite for writing
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Methods to separate mixtures
• Filtering
• Distillation
• Magnets
• Evaporation
• Chromatography
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Chemical Properties• Describes how substance changes
into a new substance,– Reactions
– Energy and mass rearrange
– Ex. – burning, rusting, acid/base reactions
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• Used to change pure substances
• 5 signs of chemical change– Temp change
– Light
– Color change
– Bubbles
– Smell
• Make new substances
Chemical Changes
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Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It is just converted from one form to another.
Law of Conservation of Mass