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Topics for Today Burning a gallon of gasoline Where does my gasoline come from? Slide 2 Readings for Today 3.6 Quantitative Concepts: Mass 3.7 Quantitative Concepts: Molecules and Moles Slide 3 Topics for Friday Exam #2 Slide 4 Topics for Monday Greenhouse Earth! Slide 5 Readings for Monday 3.1 The Earths Energy Balance 3.2 Gathering Evidence 3.3 Molecules: How they Shape Up Slide 6 Topics for Wednesday Greenhouse Gases: How do they keep us warm? Slide 7 Readings for Wednesday 3.4 Vibrating Molecules and the Greenhouse Effect Slide 8 Announcements!!! Slide 9 HW 3 is due one week from today! Isomers Slide 10 Announcements!!! Today is March 14!! Happy pi day!! (3.14) But wait, theres more! Happy Birthday! Slide 11 Bring back your radon disks!! Slide 12 Topics for Today Burning a gallon of gasoline Where does my gasoline come from? What do we get when we burn a gallon of gasoline? Slide 13 DEMO??? Slide 14 Smoke on the water, a fire in the sky Slide 15 Why dont hydrocarbons mix with water? CH 3 -C-CH 2 -CH-CH 3 CH 3 O H H Slide 16 Topics for Today Burning a gallon of gasoline Where does my gasoline come from? What do we get when we burn a gallon of gasoline? Slide 17 Chemical Math + = ? X Slide 18 What weighs more? A ton of feathers? Or a ton of bricks? Slide 19 What weighs more? A pound of gold? Or a pound of oxygen? Slide 20 What weighs more? Or a pound of oxygen? A pound of hydrogen? Slide 21 NOW!! A ton of feathers A ton of bricks More bricks or more feathers? Slide 22 10 grams of oxygen 10 grams of hydrogen Slide 23 10 grams of oxygen 10 grams of hydrogen More H 2 or O 2 molecules? Slide 24 O 2 = 32 H 2 = 2 Slide 25 Oxygen (O 2 ) has 16 times greater mass than hydrogen (H 2 ) For a given mass O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 There are 16 times more H 2 molecules than O 2 molecules H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 Slide 26 Slide 27 1 mole of H atoms = 1 gram 1 mole of H 2 molecules = 2 grams 1 mole of O atoms = 16 grams 1 mole of O 2 molecules = 32 grams And so on Slide 28 Atom and Molecule Counting 1 mole of H 2 has the same number of molecules as 1 mole of O 2 (or anything, for that matter) Slide 29 What is a mole? What is a dozen? 12 of anything 6.02 x 10 23 of anything Slide 30 1 mole of H 2 O = ???? g 1 mole of CO 2 = ???? g 1 mole of H 2 = 2 g 1 mole of O 2 = 32 g All contain the same number of molecules (one mole)!!! Slide 31 1 mole of H 2 O = 18 g 1 mole of CO 2 = 44 g 1 mole of H 2 = 2 g 1 mole of O 2 = 32 g All contain the same number of molecules (one mole)!!! Slide 32 Easy Question Chemically speaking, what does it mean to burn something? Slide 33 Reacts with O 2 ! Combustion ! C + O 2 CO 2 S + O 2 SO 2 N 2 + O 2 2NO H 2 + O 2 ??? Write the reaction for the combustion of H 2 Slide 34 Reacts with O 2 ! Combustion ! C + O 2 CO 2 S + O 2 SO 2 N 2 + O 2 2NO 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O Slide 35 + + O2O2 2H 2 O2H 2 How do we read this equation? Slide 36 + + O2O2 2H 2 O2H 2 How do we read this equation? 2 molecules of H 2 + 1 molecule of O 2 2 molecules of water 2 dozen molecules of H 2 + 1 dozen molecules of O 2 2 dozen molecules of water 2 moles of H 2 + 1 mole of O 2 2 moles of water 2 grams of H 2 + 1 gram of O 2 2 grams of water Slide 37 How many grams of water do we get if we burn 10 g of H 2 ? + + O2O2 2H 2 O2H 2 Slide 38 What do we know? + O2O2 2H 2 O2H 2 2 moles of H 2 will produce 2 moles of water How many grams of water do we get if we burn 10 g of H 2 ? Slide 39 Step 1 How many moles H 2 in 10 grams of H 2 ? 10g H 2 2g H 2 1 mole H 2 = 5 mole H 2 GRAMSMOLES Slide 40 Step 2 How many moles H 2 O are formed from H 2 ? 10g H 2 2g H 2 1 mole H 2 GRAMS H 2 MOLES H 2 + O2O2 2H 2 O2H 2 2 mole H 2 2 mole H 2 O MOLES H 2 O = 5 mole H 2 O MUST look at balanced chemical equation!!! Slide 41 Step 3 How many grams of water? 10g H 2 2g H 2 1 mole H 2 GRAMS H 2 MOLES H 2 + O2O2 2H 2 O2H 2 2 mole H 2 2 mole H 2 O MOLES H 2 O 1 mole H 2 O 18g H 2 O GRAMS H 2 O = 90 g H 2 O Slide 42 GRAMS H 2 MOLES H 2 MOLES H 2 O GRAMS H 2 O + O2O2 2H 2 O 2H 2 Summary Slide 43 Topics for Today What is in my gasoline? Burning a gallon of gasoline What do we get when we burn a gallon of gasoline? Slide 44 Chemical formula? C 7 H 16 CH 3 CHCH 2 CH 3 2-methylhexane CH 3 Slide 45 1. Balanced Chemical Equation C 7 H 16 +O2O2 H2OH2O+CO 2 Balanc e!! Slide 46 1. Balanced Chemical Equation C 7 H 16 +11O 2 8H 2 O+7CO 2 How many grams of CO 2 do we get when we burn a gallon of gasoline? Slide 47 GRAMS H 2 MOLES H 2 MOLES H 2 O GRAMS H 2 O Summary Slide 48 GRAMS H 2 MOLES H 2 MOLES H 2 O GRAMS H 2 O Summary Gallon? Slide 49 Density Density gasoline = 0.7 grams per mL Slide 50 1 gallon = 3,790 mL Slide 51 DENSITY= MASS GASOLINE VOLUME GASOLINE Slide 52 0.7 g/mL= MASS GASOLINE 3,790 mL GASOLINE Cross multiply, and 2,650 g gasoline!! PHEW! Slide 53 GRAMS HC MOLES HC MOLES CO 2 GRAMS CO 2 Summary Gallon = 2,650 grams! Slide 54 2650 g C 7 H 16 100g C 7 H 16 1 mole C 7 H 16 GRAMS HCMOLES HC 1 mole C 7 H 16 7 mole CO 2 MOLES CO 2 1 mole H 2 O 44g CO 2 GRAMS CO 2 = 8,162 g CO 2 ! C 7 H 16 +11O 2 8H 2 O+7CO 2 Slide 55 Burn 1 gallon of gasoline About 18 lbs of CO 2 is emitted! Slide 56 Practice on your own for methane, ethane, octane, etc!! Slide 57 Where does our gasoline come from? Slide 58 Crude Oil C.H. Middlecamp What is crude oil? Slide 59 A collection of thousands of different hydrocarbons ranging from around C4 up to about C30 and higher. Crude Oil Slide 60 A collection of thousands of different hydrocarbons ranging from around C4 up to about C30. Crude Oil Where did the oil come from? Slide 61 The gradual decay of plant and animal matter over the past 500 million years or so Slide 62 Who are the top producers of crude oil in the world? Slide 63 http://www.eia.doe.gov Slide 64 What is a barrel? Slide 65 1 barrel = 42 gallons of crude oil Slide 66 Top 5 Oil Producers Saudi Arabia Russia United States Iran China Slide 67 Top 5 Oil Producers Saudi Arabia Russia United States Iran China Slide 68 US Oil Statistics The US produces 5,200,000 barrels / day http://www.eia.doe.gov/basics/energybasics101.html Accessed March 11, 2007 The US consumes 20,000,000 barrels / day Slide 69 Top US crude oil supplier? Canada Supplies 1,633,000 barrels / DAY!! Slide 70 How long will it last? Slide 71 M. King Hubbert 1903 - 1989 "Our ignorance is not so vast as our failure to use what we know." Slide 72 When we consider that it has taken 500 million years of geological history to accumulate the present supply of fossil fuels, it should be clear that, although the same geological processes are still operative, the amount of fossil fuels that is likely to be produced over the next few thousand years is inconsequential. Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels M. King Hubbert Slide 73 Published a paper in 1949 predicting that the US production of oil would peak in 1970. Why? Slide 74 Slide 75 Published a paper in 1949 predicting that the US production of oil would peak in 1970. Why? How close was his prediction? Slide 76 Slide 77 What about the rest of the world? Slide 78 Some Norwegian Oil Fields Slide 79 Projected http://www.hubbertpeak.com/blanchard/ Slide 80 Some UK Oil Fields http://www.hubbertpeak.com/blanchard/ Slide 81 Projected http://www.hubbertpeak.com/blanchard/ Slide 82 Billion Barrels / Year Slide 83 Slide 84 Slide 85 Just as certain as death and taxes is the knowledge that we shall one day be forced to learn to live without oil. -BBC News Slide 86 The fossil fuels, which include coal, petroleum, and natural gas have all had their origins from plants and animals existing upon the earth during the last 500 million years. Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels M. King Hubbert