Armature Air Gapping Engine Cooling Flywheel Armature Spark Plug Spark Plug Wire.
Topics covered in this presentation: Spark Plug Construction
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Transcript of Topics covered in this presentation: Spark Plug Construction
Spark Plugs
Topics covered in this presentation: Spark Plug Construction Spark Plug Reach, Seating and Heat Range Spark Plug Servicing
Spark Plugs
The Spark Plug
The spark plug:
Typical spark plug components:
Ribbed insulator
Terminal
Insulator nose
Centre electrode
Ground electrode
Shell
Conductive seal
Ignites the air and fuel mixture.
Removes heat from the combustion chamber.
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Spark Plugs
The Steel Shell
The shell is threaded so it can be screwed into the cylinder head.
To minimize corrosion, its surface is electroplated with nickel.
Thread
It is machined with a hexagonal section, for plug removal and fitting.
Hex
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Spark Plugs
How many sides does a spark plug have on the part designed for plug removal and replacement?
Enter your answer and press SEND.
Question 1
Spark Plugs
Purpose:
The Ceramic Insulator
It is made from aluminium oxide and glazed to discourage dirt.
Ribs increase the surface area of the insulator to reduce flashover to ground.
Nose
Ribs
To prevent high voltages from shorting to ground.
To remove heat from the combustion chamber.
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Spark Plugs
2
A) Aluminium nitrate
B) Aluminium hydroxide
C) Aluminium oxide
D) Aluminium carbonate
What material is the spark plug's ceramic insulator made from?
Question
Spark Plugs
Electrodes are made from nickel alloy or platinum.
Ground and Centre Electrodes
The ground electrode is welded to the shell.
They must be resistant to high temperatures and corrosion.
The centre electrode has a machined tip.
Ground electrode
Centre electrode
Spark erosion
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Spark Plugs
3
A) Shell
B) Ceramic insulator
C) Centre electrode
D) Insulator nose
In a spark plug, what is the ground electrode connected to?
Question
Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Dimensions
Thread Diameter
Spark gap
Thread diameter
ReachSpark Gap
Spark Plugs are made in 10, 12, 14, and 18 mm thread diameters.
The gap must be correct.
If it is too small, a weak spark is produced.
If it is too large, the mixture will burn inefficiently.
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Spark Plugs
4
Spark plugs are made in four different thread diameters. Is this true or false?
Answer True or False.
Question
Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Dimensions
Correct reach
Cylinder head
TooshortToolong
Spark Plug ReachIncorrect reach can cause engine running problems or spark plug damage.
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Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Seating
Flat Seating Spark plugs must be fitted with a metal washer to seal combustion chamber and remove heat.
MetalwasherNo washer
Conical Seating No washer required as plug is sealed by its conical seat.
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Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Temperature
Ideal spark plug tip temperature = 500 to 850°C.
If temperature = low, carbon and combustion chamber deposits will not be burnt off.
If temperature = high, the plug may overheat, damaging the electrodes.
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Spark Plugs
What temperature, in degrees C, would be within the ideal range of operation?
Enter your answer and press SEND.
Question 5
Spark Plugs
100%Fresh air
Heat Dissipation
The combustion process produces heat.
20% is absorbed by intake stroke fresh air.
Dissipation occurs as follows:
58% is absorbed by the cylinder head walls.
20% is absorbed by the insulator and spark plug side walls.
2% is absorbed by spark plug wires.
2%
10%
10%
58%
20%
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Spark Plugs
6
A) 2%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 58%
Approximately what percentage of heat from the combustion process is absorbed by the cylinder head walls?
Question
Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Heat Range
Heat range = spark plug's ability to remove combustion chamber heat.
Determined by:
Insulator nose length = distance from tip of insulator to where it meets the metal shell.
Insulator nose
length
Insulator nose length.
Gas volume around the insulator nose.
Composition of the insulator and the centre electrode.
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Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Heat Range
Hot Plug:
Long insulator nose, exposing a large surface area to combustion gases.
Cold Plug:
Shorter insulator nose, minimizing surface area exposed to combustion gases.
Dissipates heat slowly.
Firing end heats up quickly.
Dissipates heat quickly.
Firing end heats up slower. Next >
Spark Plugs
Other Types of Spark Plugs
Some spark plugs have multiple ground electrodes.
They provide multiple spark paths which reduces spark erosion.
This surface discharge plug can be used with CDI systems.
It provides good sparking, even when fouled.
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Spark Plugs
Resistor Spark Plugs
Spark plug with carbon compound resistor in centre core.
The resistor suppresses radio frequency interference (RFI).
Plug with carbon resistor
Resistancematerial
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Spark Plugs
7
A) Ferrite beads
B) Wire wound resistor
C) Capacitor
D) Carbon resistor
What can be incorporated into a spark plug to suppress radio frequency interference?
Question
Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Removal
Typical Procedure:
Use an air line/brush to remove all debris from around each plug.
Remove all plugs and place on bench in cylinder order.
Inspect each spark plug.
Remove the lead from each plug, by using the rubber boot.
Slacken each spark plug.
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Spark Plugs
Spark Plug Conditions
Normal use
Overheated
Gap bridged
Cracked insulation
Pre-ignition
Carbon fouled
Deposit fouled
Splashed deposits
Oil fouled
Glazed deposits
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Spark Plugs
8
A) Carbon fouled
B) Glazed deposits
C) Gap bridges
D) Oil fouled
What is this spark plug suffering from?
Question
Spark Plugs
Tool toalter gap
Feelergauge
Spark Plug Gap Adjustment
Obtain gap information from shop manual.
If necessary, adjust gap using feeler gauge tool.
It should be a sliding fit.
Typical Procedure:
Check gap between electrodes with a feeler gauge.
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Spark Plugs
9
A) Micrometer
B) Ruler
C) Feeler gauge
D) Microscope
What device is normally used to measure the spark plug gap?
Question
Spark Plugs
Conical seat
Flat seat
Spark Plug Fitting
Apply grease to spark plug threads.
Tighten plugs as per shop manual.
Refit spark plug leads.
Typical Procedure:
Hand screw spark plugs into cylinder head.
90°
15°
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Spark Plugs
Summary
You should now be aware of:
Spark Plug Construction
Spark Plug Reach, Seating and Heat Range
Spark Plug Servicing
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