Topic P2 Radiation and Life Homework booklet

Graph paper needed for homework three

Name _______________________ Key terms and spellings on back page

Due Date Teacher Comment

Homework 1

Homework 2

Homework 3

Homework 4

Homework One: Electromagnetic Spectrum First add colours to the key, then colour in the picture. Be careful not to go over the lines!

Radio Ultra-violet

Microwaves X-ray

Infra-red gamma

Visible light

List 10 ways in which you have used electromagnetic waves in the last 24 hours 1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10

T h e E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c S p e c t r u m

1. How many different parts are there to the electromagnetic spectrum? ________________

2. What type of electromagnetic wave is used to transmit moving pictures over long distances?

________________________________

3. Which types of electromagnetic wave can damage living cells? ________________________________

4. Which wave has the longest wavelength? ____________________

5. Three of the parts of the spectrum are used to carry information. Give a real example of how each is used.

a. __________________________________________

b. __________________________________________

c. __________________________________________

6. Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength? __________________________

7. Which types of radiation have frequencies lower than that of infra-red? __________________________

8. Which type of radiation is used to check baggage at airports? ______________________

9. Which two types of electromagnetic wave are used in medicine? ______________________________

10. Which wave has the highest frequency? _______________________________

11. Which two parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used to heat materials? _____________________

12. Which type of wave travels the fastest? (trick question) _________________________

13. What unit is wavelength measured in? _______________

14. What unit is frequency measured in? _______________

15. Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength shown in these waves

_______________________________________________________________________________

16. Red monkeys in velvet underpants (play) x-rated games! Can you think of your own?

_________________________________________________________________________

radio microwaves infra-red visible light ultraviolet X-rays gamma

used to carry information:

e.g. television signals

used for cooking and in

radar. Also used to carry information e.g. mobile

phones.

used for cooking and in remote controls

used to carry information: e.g. fibre

optics

damages cells and causes sunburn

used to see

inside human body

damages cells can be

used to destroy

cancer cells

low frequency high frequency

long wavelength short wavelength

Homework Two: Global Warming

Use this QR code to watch a short NASA film about global warming. Alternatively use this url to find the film

http://goo.gl/tbCSUW When you have watched the film, write a summary of it using between 70 and 100 words. At the end of your summary, write down how many words you have used. You could write your summary by hand but you may prefer to type it (getting Word to do a word count for you) and then stick it here.

Homework Three: Data Analysis Skill E ___ / 6 Skill G ____ / 8

Use the data on the next page to produce two graphs. Use your graphs to decide if the following hypotheses are

true:

Doubling the distance from the radioactive source make the count drop to ¼ of the original value.

The denser the material the better at stopping radiation a material is.

You should refer to the success criteria while doing the work. You will need to do the following in order to achieve:

Skill E (on graph paper)

o plot a graph of counts per second and distance for the 3 radiation types in air. This graph should

have three line on it.

o On the back of the graph paper plot another graph showing density and penetration.

Skill G (on A4 paper)

o Is the first hypothesis correct? Give details of how you came to this conclusion. You should refer to

the science you have learnt about how electromagnetic waves travel to do this.

o Is the second hypothesis correct? Give details of how you came to this conclusion

(See marking points for Skill G)

Number of words =

An experiment was carried out using 3 different sources of radiation, one emitted alpha radiation, one beta and the third gamma. In the first experiment the detector was placed at known distances from each source and the number of counts per second recorded. In the second experiment different density materials were placed in front of the sources and the counts per second recorded. The results are shown below: Experiment 1 – Table showing counts per second at different distances

Distance from source (cm)

Source 1 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Alpha 150 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Beta 5591 2465 1564 992 629 399 253 161 102

Gamma 4260 1895 1208 770 491 313 200 127 81

Experiment 2 – Table showing the ability of beta radiation to penetrate different materials

Material Density (g/cm3) thickness of material needed to

stop the radiation (mm)

Lead 11.34 5.3

Concrete 2.3 26

Aluminium 2.7 22

Perspex 1.18 50.8

Glass 2.5 24

Paper 0.25 240

Success criteria:

Mark range 2 4 6 8

Analysing data Skill E

Display a limited number of results in tables or charts

Calculate averages (means) and construct a simple chart or graph with some errors

Correctly select scales and axes for a graph and plot an accurate graph with a line of best fit

Does not apply to this task

Criteria met #################

Limitations Skill G

Correctly state whether or not the original prediction or hypothesis is supported, with reference only to common sense or previous experience. frequent errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar and little or no use of scientific vocabulary.

Comment on whether trends or correlations in the data support the prediction or hypothesis and suggest why by reference to appropriate science. Some relevant scientific terms are used correctly.

Explain the extent to which the hypothesis can account for the pattern(s) shown in the data. Use relevant science knowledge to conclude whether the hypothesis has been supported or to suggest how it should be modified to account for the data more completely.

Give a detailed account of what extra data could be collected to increase confidence in the hypothesis. The work is comprehensive, relevant and logically sequenced, with full and effective use of relevant scientific terminology.

Criteria met

To improve you need to:

Homework Four Look back over your work or use a revision book to answer all these questions.

1 Which electromagnetic wave comes between ultra-violet and infra-red?

2 Which gas in the stratosphere absorbs ultra-violet radiation?

3 Which electromagnetic waves are most penetrating?

4 What word is used for the “packets” of energy that are transferred by electromagnetic waves?

5 What happens to the energy carried by electromagnetic waves as their frequency increases?

6 As radiation travels between an emitter and a detector, it can be transmitted, or ___________ or _______________

1

2

7 What word is used to describe the energy from radiation arriving at a square metre of surface each second?

8 How does the intensity of radiation very with distance from the source?

9 In microwave oven, which molecules in food absorb the microwave radiation?

10 Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to carry information in mobile phone networks?

11 Name three non-ionising electromagnetic waves 1

2

3

12 What does ALARA stand for?

13 What four words sum up the precautionary principle?

14 Name two types of ionising electromagnetic radiation 1

2

15 What does ionising radiation knock out of atoms?

16 What is an ion?

17 What disease can ionising radiation sometimes lead to?

18 Name the gas in Earth’s atmosphere largely responsible for the greenhouse effect

19 At what speed do all electromagnetic waves travel?

20 Name two processes that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

1

2

21 Name the process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

22 Why has the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere risen over the past 200 years?

23 Which two electromagnetic waves are used to transmit information using optical fibres?

1

2

24 Which two numerals are used in digital communication?

25 What unit is information (as held in a computer) measured in?

26 From which type of signal (analogue or digital) is it easiest to remove noise?

27 Which two electromagnetic waves are not strongly absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere?

1

2

The diagram shows an analogue signal and a digital signal.

Explain how you can tell which signal is analogue and which is digital, and explain why digital signals are now used for communication instead of analogue signals.

The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this question. [6]

Key terms and spellings

absorbed actual risk ALARA analogue atmosphere beam bit byte cancer carbon dioxide cell death combustion computer model concrete crops decoded dense detector digital discrete value electromagnetic radiation electron emit extreme weather

flooding fossil fuels frequency gamma radiation greenhouse effect health risk heating effect infra-red information intensity ion ionising radiation lead methane microwave mobile phone handset mobile phone mast noise non-ionising optical fibre ozone

perceived risk photon photosynthesis precautionary principle radio reflected respiration sea level source spectrum sun-screen surface area transmitted ultra-violet visible light x-radiation zero and one (0, 1)