Topic Maps: Theory & Practice
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Transcript of Topic Maps: Theory & Practice
1IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
XML Topic Maps (XTM): Theory & Practice
Bob BaterBob BaterInfoPlex Associates, Bristol UKInfoPlex Associates, Bristol UK
Topic Maps: Theory & PracticeTopic Maps: Theory & Practice
“Topic maps are a new ISO standard for describing knowledge structures and associating them with information resources.”
“Topic maps are a new ISO standard for describing knowledge structures and associating them with information resources.”
{Steve Pepper. The TAO of Topic Maps:{Steve Pepper. The TAO of Topic Maps:http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html}tao.html}
2IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
XTM 1.0
XTM 1.0 is an open, high-level framework …
… for representing relationships among connected information objects
<topic id=“livingthing”><baseName>
<baseNameString>Living Thing</baseNameString><baseName>
</topic><topic id=“animal”>
<baseName><baseNameString>Animal</baseNameString>
<baseName></topic><association id=“animalIsA”>
<instanceOf><topicRef xlink:href=“#isA”/>
</instanceOf><member>
<topicRef xlink:href=“#animal”/></member><member>
<topicRef xlink:href=“#livingthing”/></member>
3IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Madama Butterfly, 70-71, 234-236, 326 Puccini, Giacomo, 69-71 soprano, 41-42, 337 Tosca, 26, 70, 274-276, 326
Topic Maps: Indexing in 3D
PucciniTosca
MadameButterfly
composed by
composed by
Lucca
born in
4IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic
Topic Maps Key Concepts:Topic, Association & Occurrence
Living Thing
Animal
MammalBird
Human
instance of
instance of instance of
instance of
occurrence of
psittacines
occurrence of
instance of
association
association
5IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps Key Concepts: Association
time flies like an arrow … fruit flies like a banana
time an arrowflies like
fruit flies a bananalike
XTM
RDF
topic association
topic topic topicassociation
time an arrowflies like
fruit flies a bananalike
subject
predicate object
subject
predicate object
6IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps Key Concepts : Role & Scope
Topic + Association + Role + Scope = precision
The nature of a subject’s participation in an associationRole
ScopeScope provides … a context in which topics are related through associations
{XML Topic Maps. Jack Park}
WilliamShakespeare
Macbethauthor of
[written work][author]
{XML Topic Maps. Jack Park}
United States États Unis
{Scope: French}{Scope: English}
7IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps: A Topic Map for ISO 13250
http://www1.y12.doe.gov/capabilities/sgml/sc34/document/0322_files/iso13250-2nd-ed-v2.pdf
has occurrence[instance]
[occurrence]
ISO
sponsor of
Standard
JTC1 ISO 13250
SC34
committee of instance of
author ofsub-committee of
[publication][sponsor]
[publication]
[instance]
[author]
[written work]
[organization]
[organization]
[sub-organization]
[sub-organization]
8IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Competence Mapping
ROLE
COMPETENCE
PERSON
SKEB(Skills, Knowledge, Experience,
Behaviour)
ACTIVITY
How can we define what competence is required for a specific role?
How can we represent this competence so that it can be transferred?
TRAINING/MENTORING/EXPERIENCE
performs
requires
comprisesacquired through
transferred to
assigned to
9IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Activity System Ontology
10IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Competence Ontology
11IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Knowledge MapAccess via an information object
12IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Knowledge MapAccess via an activity
13IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
BS 8723-2BS 8723-2RT (attribute) | (attribute of) = “objects or materials and their defining properties”RT (operation) | (operation on) = “an action and its patient or target”RT (ancillary) | (ancillary of) = ‘concepts linked by causal dependence’
Topic Maps in Practice: Resource Discovery
Input
Target system <- OperationTarget system <- OperationConfiguration RT (operation on) JunctionworkJunctionwork RT (operation) ConfigurationSpeed Restriction RT (operation on) TrackTrack RT (operation) Speed Restriction
Target system <- AttributeTarget system <- AttributeCondition (state) RT (attribute of) TrackCurvature RT (attribute of) TrackTrack RT (attribute) Condition (state)Track RT (attribute) Curvature
Target system <- AncillaryTarget system <- AncillaryLubricators RT (ancillary of) TrackPerformance Criteria RT (ancillary of) TrackTrack RT (ancillary) LubricatorsTrack RT (ancillary) Performance Criteria
TampingUSEOn-track Tamping
TrackUF Permanent WayBT Track AssetsNT (component)
Conductor RailCrossing RailsJunctionworkRailRunning RailTrack Support
NT (type)Plain LineSingle Line
RT (ancillary)Design CriteriaLubricatorsTrack Plant
RT (attribute)BucklingCondition (state)CurvatureGradient
RT (operation)Speed Restrictions
Track SupportNT (elements)
BallastBallast Mat
RT (operations)On-track Tamping
14IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Resource Discovery
Output
15IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Resource Discovery
Visualization
16IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
Topic Maps in Practice: Resource Discovery
Visualization
17IBERSID 2007, Zaragoza, Spain. Copyright CC 2.0 InfoPlex Associates, 2007
References
ISO/IEC 13250:2002 Topic Maps. http://www1.y12.doe.gov/capabilities/sgml/sc34/document/0322_files/iso13250-2nd-ed-v2.pdf
Le Grand, Bénédicte. Topic Maps Visualization. http://www.gca.org/papers/xmleurope2000/papers/s29-03.html
Mapas Conceptuales (Universidad Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona). http://www.mapasconceptuales.com/
Mondeca. http://www.mondeca.com/company.htm
Moresophy. http://www.moresophy.com/networker/homepage/MainPage.jsp
NetworkedPlanet. http://www.networkedplanet.com/
Ontopia. http://www.ontopia.net/
Park, Jack (ed.). XML Topic Maps. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2003.
Pepper, Steve. The TAO of Topic Maps. http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tao.html
Techquila. http://www.techquila.com/
Topicmap.com. http://www.topicmaps.com/tm2007/
Topic Maps for Java. http://tm4j.org/