Topic 9 Racial Discrimination

Life at the Turn of the Twentieth

CenturyIndustrial Revolution

Objective:WRITE:Analyze the post-Reconstruction political and social developments that led to institutionalized racism in the United States. Describe institutionalized racist practices in post-Reconstruction America.

Institution:Establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program

Institutionalized Racial Discrimination

Post-reconstruction (soon after the Civil War)

READ

Racial discrimination was institutionalized with the passage of Jim Crow laws.

These state laws and local ordinances included provisions to require racial segregation, prohibit miscegenation (intermarriage between the races), limit ballot access and generally deprive African Americans of civil rights.

READ

Some white southerners were determined to prevent African Americans from using the right to vote. Tactics included making voters pay a poll tax and pass a literacy test.

Most African Americans were too poor to pay the tax and had been denied the education to pass a literacy test.

Southern state legislatures also passed laws—known as Jim Crow laws—to create and enforce segregation in public places. (The name Jim Crow came from a character in a minstrel song.)

The first, passed in Tennessee in 1881, required separate railway cars for African Americans and whites.

By the 1890s southern states had segregated many public places, including schools.

Segregation and Discrimination---Legalized discrimination

Laws that created and enforced segregation in public places

DEFINE: Jim Crow laws

Write:

Homer Plessy, an African American man, sat in a whites-only train compartment to test the segregation law. He was arrested, and his case finally went to the U.S. Supreme Court

The “separate but equal” doctrine was applied to the 14th Amendment.14th amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship

Who was Homer Plessy?

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Court upheld segregation. It ruled that “separate but equal ” facilities did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. The Plessy decision allowed legalized segregation in the south for nearly 60 years.

The “separate but equal” doctrine was applied to the 14th Amendment.14th amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship

Explain the Supreme Court ruling, Plessy v. Ferguson

Write:14th amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship (post-civil war amendment)

Define 14th Amendment

Write: The supreme court case set strong precedent (model) for segregation. It would take decades and other Supreme Court cases to end segregation in the South.

The “separate but equal” doctrine was applied to the 14th Amendment.14th amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship

How would Plessy v. Ferguson affect future attempts to end racial discrimination?

What Supreme Court ruling would years later be start of ending racial

discrimination in our country?

Write:It takes almost 60 years for the supreme court to reverse its decision in Plessy v Ferguson!!!!!!

In 1954, the Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education , the court called for an end to segregation in U.S. institutions of learning.

The “separate but equal” doctrine was applied to the 14th Amendment.14th amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship

Lynching of African Americans was used to terrorize blacks so as not ask for Constitutional freedoms.

How was lynching used to intimidate African Americans in the South?

Write:The rise of the Ku Klux Klan and other nativist organizations brought increased violence against African Americans. Violence was used to prevent African Americans from asking for their civil rights.

How was the KKK used to intimidate African Americans in the South?

Write: separate public facilities and schools; denied the right to vote; strict rules of behavior toward whites; lynching

What types of segregation and discrimination did African Americans encounter?

An all Black School

An all White School

Write: Southern legislators wanted to prevent African Americans from voting. They did not want them gaining any political power.

What was the intent of the southern legislators toward African American voters?

What are the different philosophies of Du Bois and Washington concerning African Americans acquiring Civil Liberties?

W.E.B. Du Bois—an African American who believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately.

Booker T Washington—an African American who believed that African Americans had to accept segregation for the moment. He believed they could improve their situation best through acquiring farming and vocational skills.

W.E.B. Du Bois believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately.

Define: NAACP (The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Write:Founded in 1909 (NAACP) desired to end legalized discrimination based on race

42. Create a chart comparing and contrasting the experiences of Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and African

Americans

Hispanic Americans

Asian Americans

Native Americans

African Americans

encountered strong anti-Mexican feelings

lived in segregated neighborhoods

had to endure the government’s Americanization policy

encountered Jim Crow laws in South and de facto laws in North

Most Mexicans were farmers, but there were not enough farm jobs to go around.

Many landlords would not rent to Asian tenants

Living on reservations gave them few economic opportunities

lived in segregated neighborhoods

often had to take menial jobs for little pay-could not leave a job until they paid debts they owed their employer

laws limited or prevented Asian immigration

Many Indians did not have American citizenship until the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

often had to take menial jobs for little pay

trapped in their jobs by a system brought from Mexico called debt peonage

early 1900s, California legislators passed laws prohibiting marriages between whites and Asian Americans

Define: Credible

Credible means believable

Credible CharacteristicCredible (credibility)--credible evidence to support an idea takes more than one source of information—to be credible. It has at least two sources of information that are very similar in their findings

Ex. Journal of Medicine states that it is 4-5 times more

likely that one gets into an accident while driving and using a cell phone .

State Highway Patrol study finds that accidents are more severe when using the cell phone while driving.

Characteristics that affect the credibility of sources

Characteristics that affect the credibility of sources

Bias: being one sided and Bias is prejudice toward or unfair characterization of the members of a particular group

Consistency of arguments: Do all the supports of the main idea agree?

CredibilityCredibility

primary sources are most always viewed are more credible than secondary source documents

Primary sources: pictures taken of the event; letters, newspapers, diaries written at the time of the event

Secondary sources: text books written about the event, newspapers articles, books, etc. written about the event at a later time

Define: ReliabilityReliability

Is it true—factual? Can you back it up with facts?