Topic 8 – Lesson 2
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Transcript of Topic 8 – Lesson 2
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Topic 8 – Lesson 2
• Workings of a generator
• Energy sources
• Renewable and non-renewable
• Energy density
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Electromagnetic induction
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Electromagnetic induction
If a magnet is moved inside a coil an electric current is induced (produced)
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Electromagnetic induction
A electric current is induced because the magnetic field around the coil is changing.
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Generator/dynamo
A generator works in this way by rotating a coil in a magnetic field (or rotating a magnet in a coil)
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Energy Sources
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Non-renewable?
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Non-renewable
• Finite (being depleted – will run out)
• In general from a form of potential energy released by human action
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Fossil fuels – Coal, oil, gas
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Nuclear fuels
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Renewable?
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Renewable
• Mostly directly or indirectly linked with the sun
• The exception is tidal energy
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Photovoltaic cells
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Active solar devices
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Wind
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Wave
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Tidal
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Biomass
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World energy production
Fuel % total energy production
CO2 emission g.MJ-1
Oil 40 70
Natural gas 23 50
Coal 23 90
Nuclear 7 -
Hydroelectric 7 -
Others < 1 -
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Energy Density
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Energy Density
• The energy that can be obtained from a unit mass of the fuel
• J.kg-1
• If the fuel is burnt the energy density is simply the heat of combustion
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Energy density
• Coal - 30 MJ.kg-1
• Wood - 16 MJ.kg-1
• Gasoline – 47 MJ.kg-1
• Uranium – 7 x 104 GJ.kg-1 (70000000 MJ.kg-1)
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Hydroelectric energy density?
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Hydroelectric energy density?
• Imagine 1 kg falling 100m.
• Energy loss = mgh = 1x10x100 = 103 J
• If all of this is turned into electrical energy it gives an “energy density” of the “fuel” of 103 J.kg-1