Topic 5 第五讲 :Academic Library

Reinvention再创造学术性图书馆

Tony FergusonUniversity of Hong Kong

彭仁贤香港大学图书馆

Meaning of “Reinvention”再创造的意思

• To make it again, completely – with new parts, using a new method.

• To turn something familiar (or old) into something different (or new).

• 用新的部分 , 用新的方法 - 完全地去再次制作

• 把一些较为熟悉 ( 或是旧的 ) 去改变成与别不同 ( 或是新的 )

What are the old parts of the library that we might want to reinvent?

图书馆有那些旧的部分是我们可能希望去再创造 ?Libraries have always:1. Selected reading

material2. Purchased materials3. Catalogued materials4. Helped people use

these materials5. Kept these materials in

good order so readers could find them

6. Preserved these materials for future use

图书馆总是要有 :1. 已挑选的阅读资料

2. 已采购的资料3. 已编目的资料4. 帮助人去用这些资料

5. 妥善摆放这些资料使读者能寻找

6. 保存这些资料作将来之用

The academic library has already been reinvented several times学术性图书已有多次是再创造的

Before 从前 Now 现在

Selection: teachers select挑选：由教师负责挑选

Selection: Librarians, students, vendors select挑选：由馆长，学生，供应商负责挑选

Purchasing: direct with publishers采购：直接跟出版商采购

Purchasing: Vendors采购：跟供应商采购

Cataloguing: own cataloguers编目：有自己的编目员

Cataloguing: shared consortial cataloguing编目：共享联盟编目

Help people: face to face能帮助人与人之间：面对面沟通

Help people: phone, email, interactive web能帮助人与人之间：透过电话，电邮，互动联网沟通

Keep materials in order on shelf: humans把资料整理并放在书架：用人手做

Keep materials in order on shelf: humans + RFID把资料整理并放在书架：用人手和无线射频识别技术来做

Preservation: binderies保存：用钉装部员工的技术

Preservation: outsource binding etc.保存：把钉装部门外判

Format: Print journals, books plus a little audio visual material形式：印刷期刊，书籍和少数的视聽资料

Format: Electronic形式：用电子资料

HKU Examples: Selection香港大学图书馆的例子：挑选

• More and more selection in the hands of librarians (branch and subject specialists)

• We use approval plans• Readers can make

suggestions• When possible, we buy

rather than borrow if book not in Hong Kong

• We are members of RAPID• We don’t charge readers of

ILL costs – books or documents

• 在图书馆主任手中有更多的选择（分馆主任和科目专长主任）

• 我们采用预选书计划• 读者能够提出建议

• 如果在香港找不到的书，若情况可以，我们宁愿订购也不想借来

• 我们是 RAPID 的成员

• 我们是不会收取读者在书籍或文件的馆际互借服务费用

HKU Examples: Purchasing香港大学图书馆的例子：采购

• We buy US/Canada/ UK materials using a JULAC vendor

• We use serials vendor chosen on the basis of service and price

• We buy from just a few international vendors to save money

• 我们可从大學圖書館長聯席會的供应商中采购美国 /加拿大 /英国的资料

• 我们是基于服务和价格来挑选期刊供应商

• 我们透过少数的国际供应商去购买，可节省金钱

HKU Examples: Cataloguing香港大学图书馆的例子：编目

• We switched to LC classification for CJK so we could do more copy cataloguing

• We joined OCLC to increase our level and effectiveness of copying records

• We sell our Chinese cataloguing to OCLC

• We are considering outsourcing our western cataloguing work

• 我们把中日韩文编目改为采用美国国会图书馆分类法 , 让我们能做到更多抄本编目

• 我们参加了 OCLC, 除可提升我们的编目水平外 , 还使抄本编目更有效益

• 我们把中文的编目纪录卖给 OCLC

• 我们也考虑把西文编目工作外判

HKU Examples: Shelving香港大学图书馆的例子：书籍上架

• We are about to start using RFID

• We will purchase sorting machines next year

• In main library we centralized CJK and western shelving

• We rely upon remote delivery and scan on demand services

• 我们已经开始使用无线射频识别技术来做

• 我们在明年会购买书籍分类机

• 总馆内，我们已集中处理中日韩和西文书籍的书籍上架工作

• 我们依赖遥距运送与有需要时要求电脑扫描的服务

HKU Examples: Reference香港大学图书馆的例子：参考服务

• We do less simple desk reference and more information skills training

• We use very few printed reference books and instead rely upon online information

• We have tried interactive and collaborative online reference – people didn’t like it

• 我们的参考枱咨询工作已较少做，反而在培训资讯技能方面做得更多

• 印刷本参考书籍我们较少用，取而代之是依赖网上资讯

• 我们曾经尝试互动式和协作式网上参考　－　但是反应并不热烈

HKU Examples: Preservation香港大学图书馆的例子：保存书籍

• We are using simpler, cheaper binding methods

• We are decreasing the amount of original bindings and increasing the amount of conservation work

• The other HK libraries have outsourced their work.

• 我们用一些较为简单和便宜的钉装方法

• 我们已经减少钉裝硬本书的数量，反而增加修补维护书籍的数量

• 香港其它的图书馆已经把这种工序外判出去

HKU Examples: Format 香港大学图书馆的例子：形式

• We now spend 52% on electronic materials – 5 years ago less than 15%

• We have five times more ejournals than printed journals

• We have 2.4 million printed books and 1.4 million ebooks

• 我们现在采购电子资料佔总体图书资源的

52% － 而五年前是15%

∙ 而电子期刊数量更是印刷 期刊的五倍

∙ 　我们拥有 2.4百万册印刷书籍和 1.4百万册电子书籍

But, has everything now changed to the point that another simple “reinvention” is enough?

但是，所有的事情直至现在已经改变到这一点，又是否表示另一次简单的“再创造”便已足够？

Are we simply moving chairs around on the deck of a sinking ship?

我们是否在一隻正在下沉的船上，移动甲板上的椅子？

http://static.firedoglake.com/2006/05/titanic.jpg

What will be different about the library environment 5 years from now?

在未来五年，图书馆的環境会有什么不同• Amount of time our students

spend on the web?• Amount we spend on

electronic vs printed forms of information?

• Expectations of readers for how a web page should work?

• Why people come to academic libraries?

• Amount of electronic information there is to buy?

• Proportion of what we add through purchase vs free from web?

• Amount of face to face reference?

• Ratio of number of items out there vs number of hours of selector time?

• 我们的学生在网上消耗的时间？• 我们在电子形式的资讯与印刷形式

的资讯上所消耗的经费 ?• 读者对网页运作的期望？• 为什么读者要到学术性的图书馆来？• 有多少电子资讯需要购买？• 我们在购买资讯和使用免费网上资

讯的比例？• 有多少面对面的参考咨询服务？• 选书员工工作的时间跟书籍增加的速度不成正比？

Small Group Work小组工作

• Your group will be assigned a current library function/job.

• Brainstorm what will be different in the environment that relates to that job 5 years from now and what new problems will have to be solved?.

• Brainstorm two completely new solutions that you would be willing to try in your library to solve that problem.

• Don’t just move deck chairs.

• 您的小组将会安排一项图书馆的职务／工作

• 可用脑震盪的方法，去讨论由现在到五年後，这份工作的環境会有什么不同和遇到什么问题

• 可用脑震盪的方法，去讨论两种全新的方法，能够让您的图书馆去尝试解决问题

• 您们不要单单移动椅子来解决问题

Small Group Assignments小组作业

Group组别 Assignment 作业

1 Selection/collection development选择／馆藏发展

2 Acquisitions 采购

3 Bibliographic control 编目

4 Collection management 馆藏管理

5 Patron services, e.g., reference, training 对读者的服务 , 例如参考咨询 , 培训

6 Preservation 保存

7 Patron use of facilities and resources 供读者使用的设施和资源