Topic 2 revolution in england

Who is this well-dressed man?

Years of James’ reign in England:

Years of James’ reign in England:◦ 1603 - 1625

Years of James’ reign in England:◦ 1603 – 1625The two main problems faced by James:

Years of James’ reign in England:◦ 1603 – 1625The two main problems faced by James:◦ Religion

Years of James’ reign in England:◦ 1603 – 1625The two main problems faced by James:◦ Religion◦ Parliament

What role did landowners play prior to England becoming a trading nation?


◦ King’s and queen’s advisers.



Which groups of people were looking for more power in the House of Commons?



Which groups of people were looking for more power in the House of Commons?

◦ Merchants and industrialists

What was the most difficult problem for James?

Which religious group was he adamant would not bully him?


Religion



Religion


The Puritans

What was the Gunpowder Plot?

What was the Gunpowder Plot?

A group of Catholics, angry by James’ attitude towards them, plotted to blow him up. One of the group revealed the plot to a Catholic lord and on the night of the 4th of November, Guy Fawkes, who was on guard, was caught.

How did James try to gain support amongst Catholics?


His son married a Catholic.



What problems did this cause?



What problems did this cause?

Parliament disagreed, and James dissolved it.

What decisions made Charles unpopular?


Expensive wars, raise of more taxes, attempting to rule without Parliament.



How long did he do without Parliament?



How long did he do without Parliament?From 1629 - 1640

What started in 1642 and who were the two groups involved?

What started in 1642 and who were the two groups involved?

Civil war began, which lasted 7 years and was fought between Royalists and Parliamentarians.

What are the factors which explain the start of the Civil War?


Religious Factors


Religious Factors

Political Factors


Religious Factors

Political Factors

Economic Factors


Religious Factors

Political Factors

Economic Factors

Social Factors

The two sides in the war

King - Cavaliers


King - Cavaliers Parliament - Roundheads



Landowners and Nobility




Church of England and Catholics





North and West of England, Wales



Landowners and Nobility Many merchants, industrialists and the Navy






Church of England and Catholics Puritans





Church of England and Catholics Puritans

North and West of England, Wales South and East of England, London and larger ports and towns.


Main Battles of the Civil WarMain Battles of the Civil War


The Battle of Edge Hill - 23rd of October 1642

This was the first major battle of the Civil War, started by Prince Rupert who charged at the Roundheads. They panicked and retreated through the infantry. The soldiers fought for a long time but neither side won.


The Battle of Marston Moor – July 2nd 1644

The Cavaliers were beaten at this battle, in which Prince Rupert needed to hide from the Roundheads. They controlled the North of England after this and the two armies were evenly matched.


Why did Parliament win the Civil War?



- Good Generals like Cromwell and Fairfax




- New Model Army, well trained, organized and disciplined




- New Model Army, well trained, organized and disciplined- Control of the Navy, which blocked French supplies to Charles




- New Model Army, well trained, organized and disciplined- Control of the Navy, which blocked French supplies to Charles- It had taxes to finance itself

England After the Civil WarEngland After the Civil War


RepublicansRepublicans



- wanted Parliament to rule



- wanted Parliament to rule- M Ps who supported the King and the house of Lords were excluded



- wanted Parliament to rule- M Ps who supported the King and the house of Lords were excluded- 1648 – The Commonwealth was set up

with Oliver Cromwell as President


RoyalistsRoyalists


The ArmyThe Army


The ArmyThe Army

- wished to hold on to the power and influence they had in the Civil War


The ArmyThe Army

- wished to hold on to the power and influence they had in the Civil War- They crushed a rebellion in Ireland and given the land to Protestants to secure support for England there.


Cromwell dismissed Parliament in 1653Cromwell dismissed Parliament in 1653


Cromwell dismissed Parliament in 1653Cromwell dismissed Parliament in 1653

The house of Lords was abolished, the members of Parliament were thrown out and a group of Puritans run the country.


Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector 1653-Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector 1653-16581658


Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector 1653-Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector 1653-16581658

With Parliament and the King gone, he ruled for 5 years until he died. He named his son, Richard, to succeed him.

The RestorationThe Restoration


Charles II (1660 – 1685)Charles II (1660 – 1685)


Charles II (1660 – 1685)Charles II (1660 – 1685)

As a Protestant, his leniency towards Catholics worried the Protestants. He had no legitimate children, therefore his Catholic brother James II would become king, making Protestants even more nervous.


James II (1685 - 1688)James II (1685 - 1688)


James II (1685 – 1688)James II (1685 – 1688)

He was quite old and had 2 Protestant daughters, one of which, Mary, married the Dutch Leader William of Orange. He tried to make England Catholic and after his Catholic son was born, Protestants wrote to William of Orange to bring an army to England.


The Glorious Revolution (1688)The Glorious Revolution (1688)



Parliament declared William and Mary King and Queen. It was a bloodless revolution and King and Queen never tried to rule without Parliament again.



Parliament declared William and Mary King and Queen. It was a bloodless revolution and King and Queen never tried to rule without Parliament again.

The Bill of Rights (1689) limited the power of the monarchy which meant that Parliament always had more power.

Topic 2 revolution in england

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