Topic 10 cont’dTopic 10 cont’d

Marine BiomesMarine Biomes

Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors

Wind Dissolved gases Waves

Nutrient availability Salinity and pH Depth

Pressure Temperature

Wind Dissolved gases Waves

Nutrient availability Salinity and pH Depth

Pressure Temperature

Types of marine biomesTypes of marine biomes

Estuaries Intertidal zones Subtidal zones Coral reefs Open ocean Abyssal plains Hydrothermic vents

Estuaries Intertidal zones Subtidal zones Coral reefs Open ocean Abyssal plains Hydrothermic vents

EstuariesEstuariesCoastal regions where freshwater rivers and streams flow into the ocean

Coastal regions where freshwater rivers and streams flow into the ocean

Physical Characteristics of Estuaries

Physical Characteristics of Estuaries

Salinity- Can vary from

5 – 30 ppt Depth also

contributes to salinity (WHY?)

Salinity is not uniform (WHY?)

Salinity- Can vary from

5 – 30 ppt Depth also

contributes to salinity (WHY?)

Salinity is not uniform (WHY?) Temperature

- Can vary

hourly and seasonally also…WHY?

Temperature- Can vary

hourly and seasonally also…WHY?

Dealing with Salinity Changes

Dealing with Salinity Changes

Organisms in the estuaries are normally euryhaline

osmoregulators

osmoconformers

Organisms in the estuaries are normally euryhaline

osmoregulators

osmoconformers

Dealing with Salinity Changes

Dealing with Salinity Changes

Flowering plants either expel excess solutes, or concentrate solutes in specific tissues

Flowering plants either expel excess solutes, or concentrate solutes in specific tissues

Communities within an Estuary

Communities within an Estuary

Open water in bays and tidal creeks

Open water in bays and tidal creeks

Communities within an EstuaryCommunities within an Estuary

Saltmarsh The vegetated

area lining an estuary

Saltmarsh The vegetated

area lining an estuary

Communities: MangrovesCommunities: Mangroves Found in tropical and subtropical coastal

areas Replace salt marshes in these areas

Found in tropical and subtropical coastal areas

Replace salt marshes in these areas

MangrovesMangroves Mangrove forests provide

habitat for marine organisms such as invertebrates, fish, turtles, birds and marine mammals.

Mangrove forests provide habitat for marine organisms such as invertebrates, fish, turtles, birds and marine mammals.

More on mangrovesMore on mangroves Adaptations Adaptations

Worldwide Distribution of Saltmarshes and Mangrove

Forests

Worldwide Distribution of Saltmarshes and Mangrove

Forests

Estuaries: ecological importance

Estuaries: ecological importance

High primary productivity High primary productivity

Carbon dioxide sink Carbon dioxide sink

Support high species diversity Support high species diversity

Nursery for marine organisms Nursery for marine organisms

Nesting/migration stopovers Nesting/migration stopovers

Erosion reduction/habitat Erosion reduction/habitat

Filtration Filtration

Estuaries: economic importance

Estuaries: economic importance

Fishing industry Fishing industry

Recreational revenue Recreational revenue Property protection Property protection

Water filtration Water filtration

Aquaculture/mariculture Aquaculture/mariculture

Tidal power Tidal power Carbon sink Carbon sink

Estuaries: human impactsEstuaries: human impacts Construction/development Construction/development Industrial businesses Industrial businesses

Agriculture/golf courses/lawns Agriculture/golf courses/lawns Dredging Dredging Oil drilling Oil drilling Overhunting Overhunting Boat traffic Boat traffic

Protecting wetlandsProtecting wetlands

Federal Regulations Clean Water Act Migratory Bird

Conservation Act Marine Protection

Act

Federal Regulations Clean Water Act Migratory Bird

Conservation Act Marine Protection

Act

Economic incentives Reduce property

taxes on wetlands to promote maintaining

Fines for violating the federal regulations

Government subsidies for wetland preservation

Economic incentives Reduce property

taxes on wetlands to promote maintaining

Fines for violating the federal regulations

Government subsidies for wetland preservation

Other Marine EcosystemsOther Marine Ecosystems

Open Ocean Marine lifestyles

Open Ocean Marine lifestyles

Hydrothermal Vent Hydrothermal Vent CommunitiesCommunities

Hydrothermal Vent Hydrothermal Vent CommunitiesCommunities