Topic 1 Introdution of Guidance, Counseling & Psychotherapy
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Transcript of Topic 1 Introdution of Guidance, Counseling & Psychotherapy
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TAN SIN KEAT KB. PA (MAL)B. Ed., M. Ed (Counseling) Cert. of Edu (MPSAH)
Int. Reality Therapy Training Cert (USA)
Fellow of
Assoc iat ion o f Psych ological & Educat ional Counselor of A sia-Paci fic (APECA)
International Play Therapy A sso ciat ion (IPA, UK)Persatuan Kaunselor Malaysia (PERKAMA )
INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU IPG )
KAMPUS SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
SUNGAI PETANI , KEDAH DARUL AMAN
PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA PENDIDIKAN
(PISMP)
EDU 3107
GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING FOR CHILDREN
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Chapter 1Introduction to Guidance,
Counselling & Psychotherapy
( 2 hours )
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1.1 Basic Concepts of
Guidance, Counselling &
Psychotherapy
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INTRODUCTION
Growing realization for this services inMalaysia, both government agencies andprivate sectors as well
Selaras dengan hasrat kerajaan yang mengutamakan
pembangunan modal insan, pengurus sumber manusia sektor awam
hendaklah melaksanakan penambahbaikan dalam urusannya dengan
menerapkan aspek psikologi dan kaunseling
Sumber:
Panduan Aplikasi Psikologi Dalam Pengurusan Sumber Manusia
Sektor Awam, Pekeliling Perkhidmatan Bilangan 18/2005, Jabatan
Perkhidmatan Awam.
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Keperluan kepada perkhidmatan kaunseling semakin meningkat
dapat membantu anggota perkhidmatan awam meningkatkan
pembangunan diri masing-masing bagi mencapai tahap kefungsianpsikologi yang tinggi serta penghasilan kerja yang produktif dan
berkualiti.
source:Panduan Untuk Mewujudkan Perkhidmatan Kaunseling di Agensi
Awam, Pekeliling Perkhidmatan Bilangan 1/1999, Jabatan
Perkhidmatan Awam.
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National Health & Morbidity Survey (NHMS)Institut Kesihatan Umum, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (1996,2006 )
Peratusan yang menghadapi gangguan psikologikal:
(A) Remaja < 15 tahun1996: 13% --- 2006: 19.4%
(B) Golongan orang dewasa yang bermasalah sedemikian
1996:10.6% --- 2006:11.2%
Pada tahun 2011, seramai 34 ribu (1.8%) menghadapi
masalah kemurungan (depression) Umur 16-24:2.5%
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WHAT IS GUIDANCE ?
Guidance is an
process of helping individual to obtain self-
understanding strengtheness & weakness in the
inner worldto determine their aspiration of
liferealistically in competency and
interesteventually to achieve self-esteem.
Shertzer & Stone, 1974.
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WHAT IS GUIDANCE ?
Guidance is an
..to plan for change (in short-term / long-term).
Alice Crow, 1964.
Services such as career orientation (botheducative & informative)
McDaniel & Shaftel, 1956.
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WHAT IS GUIDANCE ?
Guidance is an
systematically arranged educational process
D.W. Lefever, 1970.
ispreventive in nature rather then psychologicalrehabilitation
George, R.L. & Christiani, T.S. , 1995.
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WHAT IS COUNSELLING?
Counselling is an
process of interaction for individual to gain self-
understanding and how they related to the
environment where they are living
witheventually this will establish their aim of life
Shertzer & Stone, 1974.
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WHAT IS COUNSELLING?
Counselling is an
clients are given opportunity to explore the inner
self which cause the psychological blockness
with these psychological insights will help the client
to chose the alternatives of solution.
Corey, 1977.
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WHAT IS COUNSELLING?
Counselling is
face-to-face relationship
( trained & qualified counselorclient )unconditional positive regard
respect the uniqueness of the client
genuine in interaction
believe that humans will develop themselves
toward self-esteem
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WHAT IS COUNSELLING?
Counselling is NOT
to impose the counselors value to the client
solely giving advises / opinions / information
an attempt to influence clients decision
a session of interview / investigation
to decide the career pathway for the client
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WHAT IS PSYCHOTHERAPY?
base on the understanding of two person ( trained
therapistpatient), to achieve the specific aim(s)
and resolution(s)well trained therapist is capableby using the skills to restructure/rearrange the
patients psychological need(s).
Brunch, 1981.
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WHAT IS PSYCHIATRY?
associated with mental illness, extreme emotional
problems and serious personal issuesnormally
they are mentally sick personprescribe thenecessarily medicine in long term treatment.
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Buku Panduan Pelaksanaan Khidmat Bimbingan dan Kaunseling di
Sekolah, KPM (193)
1. To DEVELOPthe self growth of students
2. To PREVENTthe students from drug abused &
maladaptive behavior
3. To REMEDIALthe problems of academic,
social emotion & career planning
4. CRISIScounselling/intervention
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Try to match the suitable items for
Guidances Aims & Counsellings Aims
Respectively base on the basic concepts you had
learned on sub chapter 1.1
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To serve the educational purposes
To serve all the students
Life long process primaryuniversity
Preventive rather then remedial Confidentiality is the priority
Willingness to help
Personal information is needed for the process
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Patterson (1967)
The changes which had been taken are voluntarily based,
the trained counselor help these changes happen within
the therapeutic setting changes are needed because of
psychological problems
Biasco (1966)
Counselling process has to be planned systematicallypreventive rather then remedial is the clients right to
decide for solution(s).
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McDaniel & Shaftel (1956)
Unconditional positive regardsrespect to the clients
uniquenessso call permissive: a. session of counselling can
be terminated anytime, b. counsellor cannot impose anypersonal value toward clientthink with client.
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Guidance & Counseling in School
Guidance Counselling
Development Prevention General Services Crisis & Remedial
Involvement of all students Problematicstudents
Involvement of all staff & school administrator School Counselor
Proactive Reactive
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONS
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WHO IS CLIENTS ?
A CLIENT IS THE ONE WHO STILL CAN
FUNCTIONING ( @ PSYCHOLOGICALLY
HEALTHY ) BUT FACING PROBLEMS OF
ADJUSTMENT
DEVELOPMENTAL
SITUATIONAL
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WHO IS COUNSELOR ?
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
STRATEGY
APPLICATION
STRATEGY
KNOWLEDGE
DEVELOPMENTAL
SKILLS
NONPRO PROFESSIONALPARAPROBarb ara F. Okun, 1992
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WHO IS COUNSELOR ?
NONPROFESSIONAL:
FRIENDS, COLLEAGUES, INTRAINED VOLUNTEERS
PARAPROFESSIONAL:
SOCIAL WORKERS, MENTAL HEALTH NURSES
PROFESSIONAL :
PSYCHOLOGISTS, PSYCHIATRISTS, COUNSELORS
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COUNSELING VS.FRIENDSHIP
STRUCTURED AS TO TIME AND PLACE
GOAL DIRECTED
TIME LIMITED
FOCUS ON CLIENT SYSTEMATIC-ORGANIZED AND PLANNED
DISCUSS PSYCHOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ISSUES
NON EVALUATIVE
CONFIDENTIAL
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COUNSELOR VS
PSYCHOTHERAPIST @ PSYCHOLOGIST
LESS SEVERE PROBLEMS
SHORTER DURATION
PREVENTIVE MORE THAN REMEDIALCLIENTS NORMAL@ FUNCTIONING
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THANK YOU