Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University...

43
10/5/2016 1 Topic 03 The Code I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN) 1. What

Transcript of Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University...

Page 1: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

1

Topic 03The Code

I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)

1. What

Page 2: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

2

I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)

1. What2. Main Goal

I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)

1. What2. Main Goal

Page 3: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

3

I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)

1. What2. Main Goal3. Revisionary Process

I. Introduction

Page 4: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

4

I. Introduction A. The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,Fungi, and Plants (ICN)

1. What2. Main Goal3. Revisionary Process4. Six Principles

I. Introduction

VictoriaAmazon water-lily

VictoriaMoth

a.  Independence from other codes.

Page 5: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

5

I. Introduction

ColaCola beans

ColaMoth

I. Introduction

Pieris Pieris in Blueberry Family

PierisButterfly

Page 6: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

6

I. Introduction

OctolobusSmall trees from W Africa

Cacao Family

OctolobusPallas Cat from C & N Asia

Cat Family

I. Introduction

Ficus Figs

Ficus sea snail gastropods

Page 7: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

7

I. Introduction

Ficus variegata BlumeFig

photo by WingKLee

Ficus variegata Roding, 1798True Fig Shell

Photo by H. Zell

I. Introduction

Ficus ficusSea snail

Gorilla gorillaGorilla

Page 8: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

8

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Method

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority

Page 9: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

9

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority

Page 10: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

10

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priority

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priorityd. One correct name

Page 11: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

11

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priorityd. One correct namee. Names treated as Latin

I. Introduction a. Independence from other codes.b. The Type Methodc. Priorityd. One correct namee. Names treated as Latinf. Retroactive

Page 12: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

12

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes (ordered by decreasing inclusivity2. Suffix Exceptions

Apiaceae

Page 13: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

13

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes (ordered by decreasing inclusivity2. Suffix Exceptions

Arecaceae

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions

Asteraceae

Page 14: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

14

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions

Brassicaceae

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions

Clusiaceae

Page 15: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

15

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions

Fabaceae

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions

Lamiaceae

Page 16: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

16

I. Introduction B. Ranks

1. Principal Ranks & Standard Suffixes 2. Suffix Exceptions

Poaceae

I. Introduction B. Ranks

3. Some Others

FamilySubfamily

TribeSubtribe

GenusSubgenus or Section

Speciessubspeciesvariatas (variety)forma (form)

Page 17: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

17

I. Introduction B. Ranks

4. Writing

Family: PoaceaeGenus: ZeaSpecies: Zea maysSubspecies: Zea mays ssp. mays

I. Introduction B. Ranks

4. Writing

Subspecies: Zea mays ssp. mays     Gorilla gorilla diehli

Page 18: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

18

II. Generic NamesA. Characteristics

II. Generic NamesA. CharacteristicsB. Gender

Page 19: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

19

II. Generic NamesA. CharacteristicsB. GenderC. Honorary genera

III. Species NamesA. Characteristics

Page 20: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

20

III. Species NamesA. CharacteristicsB. Gender

III. Species NamesA. CharacteristicsB. GenderC. Descriptive epithets

Page 21: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

21

III. Species NamesA. CharacteristicsB. GenderC. Descriptive epithetsD. Honorary epithets

IV. AuthorshipA. Generalities

Page 22: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

22

IV. AuthorshipA. GeneralitiesB. > 2 Authors

IV. AuthorshipA. GeneralitiesB. > 2 AuthorsC. Parenthetical & Combining Authors

Page 23: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

23

IV. AuthorshipA. GeneralitiesB. > 2 AuthorsC. Parenthetical & Combining AuthorsD. Use of “ex”

V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. Hybrids

Page 24: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

24

V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. HybridsB. Subspecies & Varieties

V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. HybridsB. Subspecies & VarietiesC. Forms

Page 25: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

25

V. Subspecific Taxa & HybridsA. HybridsB. Subspecies & VarietiesC. FormsD. Cultivars

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

Page 26: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

26

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)a. Specimen to which name is permanently attached. 

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)a. Specimen to which name is permanently attached. b. Promotes nomenclatural & conceptual stability

Page 27: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

27

VI. Nomenclatural Types

Species 1 Species 2

Example 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the namesQ. coccinea and Q. rubra

VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the names

Q. coccinea and Q. rubra. 

Plants of WV says: 

Q. coccinea Q. rubra

Page 28: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

28

VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the names

Q. coccinea and Q. rubra. 

Plants of PA, 2nd edition says: 

Q. coccinea Q. rubra

VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 1: Confusion in the correct attribution of the names

Q. coccinea and Q. rubra. Solution:  1) revisit original description

2) inspect type specimens

Type specimen for Q. coccinea

Page 29: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

29

VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 2: Splitting

H. grandiflorus L. actually consists of 3 species

VI. Nomenclatural Types

One retains “H. grandiflorus L.”, but which one?

Example 2: Splitting

Page 30: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

30

VI. Nomenclatural Types

Type of H. grandiflorus

One retains “H. grandiflorus L.”, but which one?

Example 2: Splitting

Type of H. grandiflorus

VI. Nomenclatural Types

H. grandiflorus L.

Example 2: Splitting

Page 31: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

31

Type of H. grandiflorus

VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 2: Splitting

H. grandiflorus L.

H. triangularus C.R.Hardy

H. rotundus C.R.Hardy

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)a. Specimen to which name is permanently attached. b. Promotes nomenclatural & conceptual stabilityc. Type need not be typical.

Type of H. grandiflorusH. grandiflorus L.

Page 32: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

32

VI. Nomenclatural TypesPriority, rather than types dictate lumping decisions

H. grandiflorus L.

H. triangularus C.R.Hardy

H. rotundus C.R.Hardy

VI. Nomenclatural TypesPriority, rather than types dictate lumping decisions

Synonyms:

H. triangularus C.R.Hardy

H. rotundus C.R.Hardy

Accepted Name: H. grandiflorus L.

Page 33: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

33

VI. Nomenclatural TypesExample 3: Lumping

Synonyms:

H. triangularus C.R.Hardy

H. rotundus C.R.Hardy

Accepted Name: H. grandiflorus L.

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types

Page 34: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

34

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types

a. Holotype

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types

a. Holotypeb. Isotype

Page 35: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

35

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types

a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotype

Needed when….1) Holotype destroyed/lost2) No type designated (e.g. prior to Cambridge Code, 1930)

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types

a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotype

Needed when….1) Holotype destroyed/lost2) No type designated (e.g. prior to Cambridge Code, 1930)

Select from (ranked list): 1) Among the isotypes2) Other specimens examined by author.

Page 36: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

36

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types

a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotyped. Neotype

Needed when….1) No holo, iso, or lectotyes available.

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific Taxa

1. Type specimen(s)2. Types of types

a. Holotypeb. Isotypec. Lectotyped. Neotype

Needed when….1) No holo, iso, or lectotyes available.

Should be…1) chosen by current authority in pub2) match original description3) of similar provenance

Page 37: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

37

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus

1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.

Page 38: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

38

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus

1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.b. Sp. to which genus name is permanently attached

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus

1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.b. Sp. to which genus name is permanently attached

What if Ted Nugent decides to split Plowmanianthus into 2 genera?

Plowmanianthus Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus dressleri Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus panamensis Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus grandifolius Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus perforans Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus peruvianus C.R.Hardy et Faden

Page 39: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

39

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. Genus

1) Type sp. (technically the type specimen of the type sp.)a. One so named by author or the first species named.b. Sp. to which genus name is permanently attached

What if Ted Nugent decides to split Plowmanianthus into 2 genera?

Plowmanianthus Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus grandifolius Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus perforans Faden et C.R.HardyPlowmanianthus peruvianus C.R.Hardy et Faden

Newgenus T.NugentNewgenus dressleri (Faden et C.R.Hardy) T.NugentNewgenus panamensis (Faden et C.R.Hardy) T.Nugent

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. GenusC. Family

Classification 1:

Magnoliaceae Juss.Liriodendron L. Magnolia L.Michelia L.

Classification 3:

Magnoliaceae Juss.Liriodendron L. Magnolia L.

Micheliaceae T.NugentMichelia L.

Classification 2:

Magnoliaceae Juss.Magnolia L.Michelia L.

Liriodendraceae T.NugentLiriodendron L.

Classification 4:

Magnoliaceae Juss.Michelia L.

Liriodendraceae T.NugentLiriodendron L. Magnolia L.

Page 40: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

40

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. GenusC. Family

Recall that family names are based on type genus and –aceaeArecaceae (Areca)Lamiaceae (Lamium)

VI. Nomenclatural TypesA. Species & Infraspecific TaxaB. GenusC. Family

Recall that family names are based on type genus and –aceaeArecaceae (Areca)Lamiaceae (Lamium)

But IBC voted to conserve old names while still accepting new names

PalmaeLabiatae

Page 41: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

41

VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.A. Proper construction and original

e.g.• Magnoliaceae Juss.• Liriodendron L.• Liriodendron tulipifera L.• Liriodendron tulipifera ssp. tulipifera T.Nugent

VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.B. Clear indication of rank & status

genus novum

Page 42: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

42

VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.B. Clear indication of rank & status

species nova subspecies nova

genus et species nova

VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.B. Clear indication of rank & status

genus novum combinatio nova

Page 43: Topic 03 The Code - Millersville University Herbariumherbarium.millersville.edu/class-web/325/03-code-PwrPt...Amazon water-lily Victoria Moth a. Independence from other codes. 10/5/2016

10/5/2016

43

VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.D. Description or Diagnosis*

VII. Legitamate Names & Valid Pub.E. Effective Publication*