Tomahawk 1
Transcript of Tomahawk 1
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Cruise Missiles Cruise missiles (CMs) are pilotless vehicles
powered by jet engines: • Fly within the atmosphere• Speeds are subsonic
Cruise missiles conceived 60 years ago, militarily useful CMs built in late 1970s:
• Smaller and lighter nuclear warheads• Efficient turbofan engines• Highly capable miniaturized computers• GPS, Tercom, and terminal guidance• “Stealth” airframe technology
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Cruise Missiles Key properties
– Small– Easily stored and launched– Highly penetrating– Versatile– Highly accurate– Very cheap (about ~ $1 million per copy)
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Cruise Missiles
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Launching Cruise Missiles
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Launching Cruise Missiles
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Cruise-Missile Guidance
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Long-Range Cruise Missiles
Conventionally-Armed Tomahawk Cruise Missile
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Cruise-Missile Guidance
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TERCOM Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM)
navigation system uses an on-board contour map of the terrain that a cruise missile will be flying over.
The system "sees" the terrain it is flying over using its radar system and matches this to the map stored in memory.
Considerably increases the accuracy of a missile compared to the older and simpler Inertial navigation system (INS).
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TERCOM Tercom system also allows a missile to fly
lower, making it harder to detect by ground radar.
Employed together with the inertial navigation system. The inertial navigation system provides a rough positional information.
Comparing the contour map with the actual contour reading provided by the radar, the Tercom obtains estimate of the position. Information is fed back to the INS. This combined system is called the TAINS.
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DSMAC
Another navigation system employed by cruise missiles is the Digital Scene-Mapping Area Correlator (DSMAC).
A DSMAC system compares a photograph of the target with the picture provided by an onboard camera, providing a further increase in accuracy.
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Satellite Navigation
Another way to navigate a cruise missile is by using a satellite positioning system.
The GPS-based (or GLONASS-based) navigation is useful in a conflict with a technologically unsophisticated adversary.
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Cruise-Missile Guidance
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Accuracy of Cruise Missiles
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Guided Missiles Specifications: Raduga Kh-55 Soviet/ Russian subsonic long-range cruise missile
• Length: 6.04 m (19 ft 7 in) • Width: 0.77 m • Diameter: 514 mm (20.24 in) • Wingspan: 3.10 m (10 ft 1 in) • Launch weight: 1185 kg • Warhead: 200 kt nuclear • Guidance: inertial with Doppler radar/terrain map
updates • Maximum speed: 720..830 km/h, approximately Mach
0.77 • Range: 3,000 km (1,860 mi) (Kh-55: 2500 km) • Launch altitude: 200 m .. 10 km
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Babur Cruise Missile/Hatf VII Type: medium-range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile Manufacturer: National Defence Complex (NDC) Specifications:
– Weight <1500 kg payload=>300kg– Length 6.25 m with booster= 7 m– Diameter 0.52 m Warhead Conventional and Nuclear
Engine turbo-fan and a solid-fuel boosterWingspan 2.67 m
– Operational Range 700 km or 435 mi Speed 880 km/h or 550 mph(0.8mach)
– Guidance System GPS, TERCOM , DSMAC, INS – Launch Platform transporter erector launcher (TEL)
Guided Missiles
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DH-10 Specifications: Warhead Nuclear, high-explosive conventional, EMP, cluster
bombs, possibly anthrax Detonation mechanism timed plastic explosive Engine turbofan Operational range >2000+ km Flight ceiling about 10,000 feet Flight altitude about 10,000 feet
Speed ? Guidance system INS, GPS, TERCOM, DSMAC Launch
platform ?
Guided Missiles
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Nirbhay Type Long-range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile
Place of origin India Specifications: Weight 1000 kg Length 6 m Diameter 0.52 m Operational
range 1000 km Speed 0.7 mach
Guided Missiles
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Tomahawks in Action
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Tomahawk layout LENGTH: 5.56 meters (18ft) WEIGHT: 1,300kg (aprox 2,200 lbs) WING SPAN: 2.67 meters (nearly
9ft) RANGE: 1,600km SPEED: 880km/h (550mph) 1. Infrared imagery sensor
2. "DSMAC" guidance system 3. Data/Communications link4. 1,000lb conventional warhead5. "DSMAC" illuminator6. Fuel cell7. "TERCOM" terrain matching system8. Turbojet subsonic engine
Source: BBC
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Tomahawk – GPS’ Job Cruise missiles receive
an initial thrust from a detachable booster before onboard systems take over. Once airborne, it releases its wings and switches on navigational and communication systems.
The missile is guided at this early stage by GPS and onboard calculations based on its movements since launch.
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Tomahawk – TERCOM
TERCOM – Terrain Contour Matching
Tomahawk missiles carries a 3-D map of its route.
In theory, TERCOM allows cruise missiles to avoid detection.
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Tomahawk - DSMAC
DSMAC – Digital Scene Matching Area Correlation
Basically a search and destroy system
Only as good as the intelligence that the system is based on
Most accurate of all guidance systems used in cruise missiles
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Tomahawk – Final Destination
US military claims missiles are 90% accurate.
1,000lb warhead detonates
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Tomahawk – Future Outlook
Improved Target recognition and improved efficiency with missiles
Missile re-routing
Send live images back to base