TOEFL Appetizer Teknik

APPETIZER FOR TOEFL (PBT)

BY

CB(COACH BARANS)

TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

THESE LESSONS ARE ONLY ABOUT STRUCTURES, TIPS, AND TRICKS. THEY WILL BE USELESS, IF YOU DO NOT

MASTER VOCABULARIES…

BAD SCENARIO IN TOEFLSECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION GROGI

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PUSING

SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION NGANTUK

+ BOLAK BALIK KE TOILET.

STRUCTURE AND WRITEN EXPRESSION

STRUCTURE

WORD

PHRASE CLAUSE

SENTENCE

QUIZ

PHARSE? CLAUSE?

LET’S ANSWER IT LATER…

WORDSNOUNVERB

ADJECTIVEADVERB

PREPOSITIONCONNECTOR

WORD ENDINGS IN ENGLISH

NOUN (PERSON)

NOUN (THING)

VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

-ER -NCE -ATE -FUL -LY

-OR -ISM -IZE -NT

-IST -NESS -FY -AL

-IAN -LOGY -BLE

-ION -OUS

-TY

OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT

OBSERVANTLY

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION

OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION

OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY ADV

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION

OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY ADV

OBSERVANCE NT

OBSERVATION

OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY ADV

OBSERVANCE NT

OBSERVATION NT

PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER

PRESENTATION

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION NT

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION NT

PRESENTABLE ADJ

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION NT

PRESENTABLE ADJ

PRESENTLY ADV

NOUNSPLACES

PERSONSNAMESTHINGS

NOUNS

FUNCTIONS:1.AS A SUBJECT2.AS AN OBJECT

VERBS

ACTION VERBSAUXILLIARY VERBS

ACTION VERBS

VERB 1 VERB 2 VERB 3 VERB ING

WALK (S) WALKED WALKED WALKING

WRITE (S) WROTE WRITTEN WRITING

THINK(S) THOUGHT THOUGHT THINKING

AUXILLIARY VERBS1. TO BE

(AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN, BEING)

2. PERFECT ASPECT (HAS, HAVE, HAD)

3. MODALS(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT,

SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.)4. DO, DOES, DID (-/?)

ADJECTIVES

OSIASCOMP

OPINION (GOOD)SIZE (BIG)AGE (NEW)SHAPE (SQUARE)COLOR (BLUE)ORIGIN (BRITISH)MATERIAL (IRON)PURPOSE (CHEMICAL)

ADJECTIVE (write on your paper)

FUNCTIONSADJECTI

VEBEAUTIF

UL

NOUNGIRLS

I SAW A BEAUTIFUL GIRL

ADVERBSVERBSINGARE

ADVERBBEAUTIFULLY

ACTIVELY (USING/USED)

ADVERBORIGINALLY

ADJECTIVECRISPY

ADVERBINCREDIBLY

ADVERBQUICKLY

ADVERBS

VERBSING

ADVERBBEAUTIFULLY

THEY SING THE SONGS BEAUTIFULLY

BEATIFULLY THEY SING THE SONG

THEY BEAUTIFULLY SING THE SONG

ADVERBS (write on your paper)

VERBARE

ADVERBACTIVELY (USING)

THEY ARE PLAYING THE GAME ACTIVELY

ACTIVELY THEY ARE PLAYING THE GAME

THEY ARE ACTIVELY PLAYING THE GAME

ADVERBS (FOR PASSIVES)

VERBARE

ADVERBACTIVELY (USED)

THE GAMES ARE USED ACTIVELY

ACTIVELY THE GAMES ARE USED

THE GAMES ARE ACTIVELY USED

ADVERBS

THE TASTE IS ORIGINALLY CRISPY

ADVERBORIGINALLY

ADJECTIVECRISPY

ADVERBS

THE RUNNER WAS INCREDIBLY QUICKLY

ADVERBINCREDIBLY

ADVERBQUICKLY

PREPOSITIONS

IN, ON, AT, TO,ETC.IN SEMARANGON THE TABLE

AT THE CAMPUSTO THE TOILET

CONNECTORS

WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER…LETS GO BACK TO THE PREVIOUS

QUIZ…

PHRASES?, CLAUSE?

EXTREMELY FAST (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

TO THE TOILET (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

PAIJO IS RUNNING (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

CLAUSE TO SENTENCE

PAIJO IS RUNNING

PAIJO SUBJECT

IS (RUNNING) VERB

PAIJO IS RUNNING EXTREMELY QUICKLY TO THE TOILET

STRUCTURE SKILLS

RECOGNIZING SUBJECT & VERB (CLAUSE)

S + V

PERATURAN PADA SEKSI 2 TOEFL

1. DI TOEFL TIDAK BOLEH ADA YANG JOMBLO

2. DI TOEFL BOLEH LDR3. DI TOEFL BIBIT, BEBET, BOBOT

SANGAT DIPERHATIKAN


DI TOEFL TIDAK BOLEH ADA YANG JOMBLO

Example 1ONE CLAUSE

Engineers _____ for the projecta) necessaryb)are neededc) Hopefullyd)Next month

CONNECTOR

AND, BUT, OR, BECAUSE, IF, WHO, THAT, WHICH, etc.

MULTIPLE CLAUSES

She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results.

Although she was surprised at the result(,) she was pleased with what she had done.

MULTIPLE CLAUSES

She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results. (3 clauses 2 connector) N-1

Although she was surprised at the result(,) she was pleased with what she had done. (3 clauses 2 connector) N-1

EXAMPLE 2MULTIPLE CLAUSES

______ were late, we missed the class

a) Web) Becausec) The traind) Since they


_____were late(,) we missed the class

a) Web) Becausec) The traind) Since they


DI TOEFL BOLEH LDR

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (SUMPELAN)

THE MAN WHOM SHE LOVES HAS A LONG BEARD

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN/ADJ CLAUSE)

The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive

a) Becauseb) Wasc) Sinced) Which you

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN)


a) Becauseb) Wasc) Sinced) Which you



a) Because (subject?) b) Was c) Sinced) Which you



a) Because (subject?) b) Was (too many verbs)c) Since d) Which you



a) Because (subject?) b) Was (too many verbs)c) Since (subject?)d) Which you



a) Because (subject?) b) Was (too many)c) Since (subject?)d) Which you

IF THE N-1 DOESN’T WORK…

• ADA CONNECTOR FUNGSI GANDA (SEBAGAI CONNECTOR & SUBJECT)

• ADA KLAUSA YANG DI REDUKSI (REDUCED CLAUSE)

CONNECTOR/SUBJECT (FUNGSI GANDA)

WHO, THAT, WHICH, WHAT, etc.

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)

____ is on the table has two speakersa) The notebookb) Because the notebook c) The notebook whichd) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)

____ is on the table has two speakersa) The notebook b) Because the notebook c) The notebook whichd) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)

____ is on the table has two speakersa) The notebook (subject? connector?)b) Because the notebook c) The notebook whichd) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)

____ is on the table has two speakersa) The notebook (subject? connector?)b) Because the notebook (other

subject?) c) The notebook whichd) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)


subject?) c) The notebook whichd) That the notebook (other subject?)

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)


subject?) c) The notebook which d) That the notebook (other subject?)

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)


subject?) c) The notebook (which) sub/con d) That the notebook (other subject?)

REDUCEDCLAUSE

HUKUM REDUKSI

1. REDUKSI TERJADI PADA SUBJECT DAN VERB ANAK KALIMAT (SUB CLAUSE)

• She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results.

• She was pleased with what she had done although surprised at the result.

HUKUM REDUKSI

2. REDUKSI TERJADI KETIKA ADA DUA SUBYEK YG SAMA

• Although she was surprised at the result, she was pleased with what she had done.• Although surprised at the result, she

was pleased with what she had done.

HUKUM REDUKSI

3. KETIKA REDUKSI TERJADI, SUBJECT DAN TO BE HILANG

• Although she was surprised at the result, she was pleased with what she had done.• Although surprised at the result, she

was pleased with what she had done.


When______ , you are free to leavea) The finished reportb) Finished with the reportc) The reportd) Is the report


When______ (,) you are free to leavea) The finished reportb) Finished with the reportc) The reportd) Is the report


When______ (,) you are free to leavea) The finished report (verb?)b) Finished with the reportc) The reportd) Is the report


When______ (,) you are free to leavea) The finished report (verb?)b) Finished with the reportc) The report (verb?)d) Is the report


When______ (,) you are free to leavea) The finished report (verb?)b) Finished with the reportc) The report (verb?)d) Is the report (other subject?)


When______ (,) you are free to leavea) The finished report (verb?)b) Finished with the report (you are)c) The report (verb?)d) Is the report (subject)

SUMPELAN (utk kalimat aktif)

The principal is meeting with his staffs.The principal who prepared to give a

speech yesterday is meeting with his staffs.

The principal preparing to give a speech yesterday is meeting with his staffs.


The boy______ playing in the yard is my brother

a) nowb) Isc) he d) was



a) nowb) Is (other subject?)c) he d) was



a) nowb) is (other subject?)c) he (connector?)d) was



a) nowb) is (other subject?)c) he (connector?)d) was (connector?)



a) now (who is now) b) Is (other subject?)c) he (connector?)d) was (connector?)

HUKUM REDUKSI

4. PADA SUMPELAN (ADJ CLAUSE), KETIKA TERJADI REDUKSI, KLAUSA TERSEBUT BISA

PINDAH KE DEPAN.

SUMPELAN [aktif]

The principal is meeting with his staffs.The principal who prepared to give a

speech is meeting with his staffs.The principal preparing to give a

speech is meeting with his staffs.Preparing to give a speech(,) The

principal is meeting with his staffs.

EXAMPLE 7

______ on several television programs, the witness gave conflicting account to what had happened.

a) He appearedb) Who appearedc) Appearingd) Appears

EXAMPLE 7

______ on several television programs(,) the witness gave conflicting account to what had happened.

a) He appeared b) Who appearedc) Appearingd) Appears

EXAMPLE 7


a) He appeared b) Who appearedc) Appearingd) Appears

EXAMPLE 7


a) He appeared (connector?)b) Who appeared( question?/ adj cl tdk di dpan

sblm di reduksi) c) Appearing (who appeared appearing)d) Appears (subject?)

SUMPELAN [pasif]

The principal’s office is very spacious.The principal’s office which is located

near our classroom is very spacious.The principal’s office located near our

classroom is very spacious.Located near our classroom(,) the

principal’s office is very spacious.

EXAMPLE 8

______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century, the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War.

a) It is hiddenb) Hiddenc) Which is hiddend) The plant is hiding

EXAMPLE 8

______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century (,) the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War.

a) It is hiddenb) Hiddenc) Which is hiddend) The plant is hiding

EXAMPLE 8

______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century (,) the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War.

a) It is hidden (connector?)b) Hidden (which was hidden)c) Which is hidden (sblm di reduksi, adj cl tdk d

dpan)d) The plant is hiding (connector?)


DI TOEFL STATUS: COMPLICATED

A computerized map of the freeways using map information gathered by sensors embedded in the pavement _________ on a local cable channel during rush hours.

a) airs b) airing c) air d) to air

A computerized map of the freeways using (which use) map information gathered (which is gathered) by sensors embedded in (which are embedded) the pavement _________ on a local cable channel during rush hours.

a) airs b) airing c) air d) to air


DI TOEFL BIBIT, BEBET, BOBOT SANGAT DIPERHATIKAN

WRITTEN EXPRESSIONS SKILL

S & V MUST AGREE

TO BE (AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN,

BEING)+

V ING (ACTIVE) / V 3 (PASSIVE) / NOUNS / ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS /

PREPOSITIONS

S & V MUST AGREE

EXAMPLE 9

The Smiths are build their house on some properties

that they own in the desert.

S & V MUST AGREE

PERFECT ASPECT (HAS, HAVE, HAD)

+V 3

EXAMPLE 10

Linus Pauling has wins two Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

S & V MUST AGREE

MODALS(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY,

MIGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.)+

V 1

EXAMPLE 11

The students must took the exam at ten in the morning.

PARALLELISM

BOTH… ANDEITHER …..OR

NEITHER …..NORNOT ONLY… BUT ALSO

V ING, V ING, AND V INGTO …, TO…, AND TO…

NOUN, NOUN, AND NOUN

EXAMPLE 12

Fire extinguishers can contain liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or watery.

LISTEN TO THIS SONG&

FOCUS ON THE CLAUSES

You've been talking in your sleep

Things you never say to meTell me that you've had

enough Of our love, our love

JUST GIVE ME A REASONJUST A LITTLE BIT’S ENOUGH

JUST A SECOND WE’RE NOT BROKEN JUST BENT AND WE CAN LEARN TO LOVE AGAIN

IT’S IN THE STARSIT’S BEEN WRITTEN IN THE SCARS ON OUR

HEARTSWE’RE NOT BROKEN JUST BENT

AND WE CAN LEARN TO LOVE AGAIN

EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either voluntary nor involuntary.

COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

….er than …more…than…

The …est (in/of/that)…The most… (in/of/that)…

EXAMPLE 10

1. between Europe and Asia is the Caspian sea, which is known as the world’s most big lake.

2. of all students in the school, Ronny is better.

EXAMPLE 11ADJECTIVE & ADVERB (read your paper again)

Based on history, Venus is the goddess Roman of love.

American are destroying rapidly wetlands, faster than an acre every two minutes.

LISTENING

–Part A

–Part B

–Part C

PART A

–Focus on the last line.–Avoid similar sound.–Choose synonym.–Who, What, & Where.–Double negative.–Almost Negative.–Expression of agreement,

uncertainty, suggestion & surprise.–Contrary result.

FOCUS ON THE LAST LINE (4 part a)

(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?(man) It tastes extremely bitter this

morning!(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

- The key word is always on the last line TASTES EXTREMELY BITTER

AVOID SIMILAR SOUND (4 part a)(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?(man) It tastes extremely bitter this


a.The coffee is much BETTER this morningb.The coffee TASTES EXTREMELY good.c.The coffee isn’t very good.d.This morning he DEFINITELY wants some coffee

CHOOSE SYNONYM (4 part a)(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?(man) It tastes extremely bitter this


a.The coffee is much better this morningb.The coffee tastes extremely good.c.The coffee ISN’T VERY GOOD.d.This morning he definitely wants some coffee

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (30)(woman) Can you tell me what assignments

I missed when I was absent from your class?

(man) You missed one homework assignment and a quiz.

(narrator) WHO IS THE MAN?a.A newspaper editorb.A police officerc.A teacherd.A student

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (2)(woman) Are you going to read those books

here in the library? (man) I think I’d rather check them out now

and take them home(narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN

PROBABLY DO?a.Sit down in the libraryb.Look for some more booksc.Return the books to the shelvesd.Go to the circulation desk

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3)(woman) Are you going into the water, or are

you just going to lie there on the sand?(man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS

CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?

a.At a beauty salonb.A the beachc.In a sandboxd.At an outdoor restaurant

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3)(woman) Are you going into the water, or are

you just going to lie there on the sand?(man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS

CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?

a.At a beauty salonb.At the beachc.In a sandbox d.At an outdoor restaurant

DOUBLE NEGATIVE (13)(woman) I can’t believe the news that I heard

about the concert(man) Well, it isn’t impossible for the concert

to take place(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY

ABOUT THE CONCERT?a.There’s no possibility that the concert will take placeb.The concert will definitely not take placec.The concert might take placed.The concert can’t take place

ALMOST NEGATIVE (15)(woman) Were you able to pay the electric

bill? (man) I had barely enough money. (narrator) What does the man imply?

a.He had plenty of money for the billb.He did not have enough money for the billc.He paid the bill but has no money leftd.He was unable to pay the bill

ALMOST NEGATIVE

Hardly, Nearly, Barely, Scarcely, Only

(almost none)Almost, Seldom(almost never)

are grouped as Almost negative word.

AGREEMENT EXPRESSION (21)(man) I think that the hypothesis is

indefensible (woman) So do I (narrator) What does the woman mean?

a.She is unsure about the hypothesisb.The hippopotamus is behind the fencec.She thinks that the hypothesis can be defendedd.She agrees with the man

UNCERTAINITY EXPRESSION (24)(man) Do you know anything about the

final exam in physics? (woman) It’s going to be rather difficult,

isn’t it? (narrator) What does the woman mean?

a.The exam is not going to be difficultb.She’s positive that’s it’s going to be hard.c.She thinks that it might be hardd.She has no idea about the exam

SUGGESTION EXPRESSION (25)(man) I’ll never have time to type my

paper tomorrow(woman) Why not do it now? (narrator) What does the woman

suggest?a.Finishing the paper b.Not working on the paper nowc.Never typing the paperd.Taking time out from the paper now

EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE (27)(woman) Did you see Paul driving around

in his Mustang(man) Then he DID get a new car(narrator) What had the man thought?

a.Paul would definitely get a Mustangb.Paul did not know how to drivec.Paul did not like mustangsd.Paul would not get a new car

CONTRARY (4 tr4)(woman) It’s too bad that you have to stay

here and work during the school break(man) I really wish I could go with you and

the others to Palm springs(narrator) What does the man thought?

a.Maybe he will go with the others on the tripb.He is unable to go on the tripc.He’s happy to be going on the tripd.He’s going on the trip, but not with the others

Reading

WORDS PARTSPART MEANIN

GEXAMPLE PART MEANIN

GEXAMPLE

OMNI ALL OMNIPOTENT RUPT BREAK ERUPT

JECT THROW EJECT SCRIPT WRITE DESCRIBE

PORT CARRY PORTABLE VIV LIVE SURVIVE

CIR ROUND CIRCULATE EX OUT EXIT

IN IN INCLUDE RE BACK RETURN

SUB UNDER SUBWAY TELE FAR TELEPHONE

TRANS ACROSS TRANS ATLANTIC

PRE BEFORE PREVIOUS

POST AFTER POSTPONE BENE GOOD BENEFIT

MAL BAD MALFUNCTION EU GOOD EUPHEMISM

DIS BAD DISFUNCTION PHOBIA FEAR CLAUSTROPHOBIA

The word ”malpractice” in line 4 is closest in the meaning to

A.ReligionB. FlagC. CarelessD.agreement

The word ”malpractice” in line 4 is closest in the meaning to

A.ReligionB. FlagC. Care(less)D.agreement

Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds of the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It has a wedge-shaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.

Please write on the paper/whiteboard

1. The main idea of the paragraph is...

a. How Ravens got their name.b. General description of a species of a bird.c. Ravens in its natural habitat.d. Social behavior of Ravens.


2. The word "omnivorous" in [line 3 ] can be best replaced by...

a. plant-eaterb. meat-eaterc. carrion-eaterd. all-eater


3. Which of these statements are true according to the passage?

a. Ravens are not usually found in the southern hemisphere

b. Ravens are less than 60 cm in lengthc. Female ravens could lay more than 8 eggs in a

clutchd. Young ravens can feed themselves

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