• TODAY’S AGENDA:

• Introduction to the Universe and Astronomy

– Activity: Universe Analogy

MONDAY 11/18/2013

Homework: 1. Universe Analogy Activity due Tuesday 11-19/2013 for 25 Points

Universe Analogy Activity

• Universe: EVERYTHING in space (billions of galaxies) = whole CHS campus • Galaxies: clumps of billions of stars held together by gravity = all the buildings

on CHS campus• Solar system: Our sun, the planets, asteroids = classrooms within each

building on CHS campus• Sun: the only star in our solar system = the teacher in each classroom• Planets: a celestial body that has a large mass & orbits a star = the students in

each classroom

The universe is a BIG concept to understand! We’re going to make it a bit

more realistic by developing an analogy for the universe & everything within it!

Pg. 9: Astronomy Essential QuestionWrite these ideas on Pg. 9!

My Universe Analogy

• Universe = whole CHS campus • Galaxies = all the buildings on

CHS campus• Solar system = classrooms within

each building on CHS campus• Sun = the teacher in each

classroom• Planets = the students in each

classroom

BIG IDEA

LITTLE IDEA

Universe Analogy ActivityThink of another analogy for the Universe & EVERYTHING in it (galaxies, solar systems, sun, planets).

Hint: Think of your favorite sport, family, favorite movie…

Label what each part of your drawing represents in the universe!

Use color, be appropriate (they will receive grades & be hung on the walls) & be creative! Be prepared to share your posters with the class!

You have the rest of the period! GO!!!

The end

• TODAY’S AGENDA:

• Notes: Nebular Theory and the Sun

– Activity: Universe Analogy

TUESDAY 11/19/2013

Homework: 1. Solar System Word Search and Puzzle due Wednesday/Thursday 11/20-11/21 for 20 Points

Birth of Our Solar System• The Nebular Theory (Nebular

Hypothesis): – Explains the formation of the solar

system• Sun & all the celestial bodies

(planets, moons, asteroids) that surround it.

– About 4 billion years ago, the solar system formed out of a huge, rapidly-rotating cloud of gas & dust particles

• Nebula

Horsehead Nebula

Crab Nebula

Birth of Our Solar System• The Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis):

– Gravity pulls the nebula together & the cloud begins to rotate

• The more stuff in the cloud, the faster the rotation– Heavy matter: Rocks, dust, ice & metal slammed together to form

planets, moons, asteroids, meteors– Lighter matter: Gases fused to become stars & the giant gas planets– http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-how-our-Solar-System-was-formed-5-Billion-Years-Ago-117543712

Birth of our Star…the SunEver wonder…

How the sun formed in our solar system?How does the sun keep its spherical shape?Why does the radiation the sun gives off not kill life but allow life to live?

Birth of our Star…the SunAs you watch the following video clip, discover the answers to the following questions & write them in your notepacket.

1. What is the name of the enormous cloud of gas & dust within space that formed the solar system?

2. What 2 forces give the sun its spherical shape?3. What is the main form of radiation the sun produces?4. How is the sun giving off radiation like boiling water?5. Explain the change in energy from beginning to end.

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12876-spin-around-the-solar-system-how-the-sun-formed-video.htm

Birth of our Star…the SunSun: The large star at the center of our solar system, consisting of very high pressures of gases due to nuclear fusion.Nuclear Fusion: Hydrogen (H) atoms combine to form helium (He), releasing huge amounts of energy.

When nuclear fusion begins, a star is born. When nuclear fusion stops, a star begins to die.

X-raysUltraviolet

Infrared

The Path our Sun will Follow

Our sun is now a mid-life main sequence yellow star.

It will cool and grow larger, becoming a Red Giant.

The sun will grow so large that nuclear fusion can no longer take place & it will shed it’s outer layers of gas in a Planetary Nebula.

Our sun will most likely die as a very small, hot white dwarf.

Q: How Much Longer will the Sun be around?

A: About 5-6 billion more years!

• TODAY’S AGENDA:

• Notes: The Solar System

– Activity: Seven Wonders of the Solar System Video with Guide

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rphuOoem7os

WED/THUR 11/20-11/21/2013

Homework: 1. Universe Analogy Activity due Tuesday 11-19/2013 for 25 Points

• What type of star is our sun classified as?

• Explain what nuclear fusion is?

• Explain the Nebular Theory

• What is a Nebula?

• Define heavy matter

• Define light matter

• What does heavy matter make when pushed together by gravity? Light matter?

• Explain the life of a star

• When nuclear fusion stops, what happens to the star?

Warm Up: 1/24/12

The Solar System

What is the Solar System??• Made up of all the planets

that orbit the Sun• Consists of celestial

bodies (planets, moons, comets, asteroids, minor planets), dust and gas– Planets orbit the Sun,

Moons orbit the Planet• Celestial bodies bound to

the Sun by gravity• The Solar System is in the

Milky Way Galaxy

Formation of the Solar System• Created about 4.6 billion years ago• Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis):

Theory that best explains the creation of the Solar System– Formed from a nebula: cloud of gas, dust and

debris spinning rapidly– Small star formed in the center of nebula which

grew larger by collecting dust and debris– Center eventually ignited, creating the Sun

Planets of the Solar System

• There are 8 planets in the Solar System

• In order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

• Pluto is considered a dwarf planet– Too small to be termed a

planet– There are (3) dwarf planets:

Pluto, Ceres, Eres

Planets of the Solar System• Two types of planets: Inner and Outer Planets• Inner Planets: (Also known as Terrestrial Planets) Made up

of rock and dust with a metallic core– Mercury, Mars, Earth, Venus

Planets of the Solar System

• Outer Planets: Made up largely of gas and water

• Also known as Jovian Planets– Uranus, Neptune, Saturn,

Jupiter– These planets are also the

only planets with rings– Outer Planets also have

moons orbiting around them

The Big Star….The Sun!!• Yes….it is true, the Sun is a

Star!!

• Made up of mostly Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He)

• The distance from here to the Sun is 93 million miles or 1 Astronomical Unit (AU)

• The Sun makes up about 99 percent of the Solar System’s mass

• It is the closest star to the Earth

Density of the Planets• Density varies widely among Planets just

like the size• Important property that tells what a planet

is made up of• Density: The amount of material it has in

the space it occupies• Density = mass/volume• Density of water = 1.0 g/cm3

Density of Planets• Inner planets: more dense

than outer planets due to the composition– Inner planets are composed

of heavy metal and rock– Also known as Terrestrial

planets• Mercury: 5.4 g/cm3

• Venus: 5.2 g/cm3

• Earth: 5.54 g/cm3 (Most dense planet)

• Mars: 3.9 g/cm3

Density of Planets• Outer planets are less

dense than inner planets– Less dense than inner

planets due to being mostly composed of gas

– Also known as Jovian Planets or Gas Giants

• Jupiter: 1.33 g/cm3

• Saturn: .69 g/cm3 (Least dense planet…can float in water!!!)

• Uranus: 1.29 g/cm3

• Neptune: 1.64 g/cm3

• TODAY’S AGENDA:

• Activity: How a Star’s Color Related to its Temperature? Due Today for 25 Points

FRIDAY 11/22/2013

Homework: 1. Color vs. Temperature Activity due Monday for late credit if not completed today

• TODAY’S AGENDA:

• Notes: Vocabulary and Energy in the Universe

MONDAY 11/25/2013

Homework: 1. Color vs. Temperature Activity due Monday for late credit if not completed today

Astronomy…hmmm….• We’ve got a lot of stuff out there

in the universe…

• Astronomers (scientists who

study stars) study stars to learn – more about the universe, – what’s out there & – how it is moving!

• What do stars give off?

• How does ENERGY (light) travel through the universe?

• What are waves?• What is a wavelength?

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=B920C70B-7C2A-46BC-A9AD-3019D95C98DC&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Wavelengths• Wavelengths can tell us A LOT about ENERGY

(traveling through the universe from a star)– How powerful light is– How fast it is moving– Where it is moving from & to– What kind of light it is?– All Energy is not Created Equal!!!

Terminology Review

For

Astronomy

Potential EnergyPotential energy is the energy

that is stored in an object.

PEgrav = mass x gravity x height

PEgrav = m x g x h                                                  

Kinetic EnergyKinetic energy is energy of motion.

Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.

where m = mass of objectv = speed of object

Mechanical Energy

An object which possesses mechanical energy is able to do work. In fact, mechanical energy is often defined as the ability to do work.

Nuclear Energy

• Energy stored in interactions between the particles in the atomic nucleus

• Is produced by controlled (non-explosive) nuclear reactions

• For example, heat and water produce steam, which is then used to generate electricity

Electrical Energy

• Is what is stored in a battery, and can be used to power a cell phone or start a car.

• Electrical energy is delivered by tiny charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a wire

Gravitational Energy

• Is energy stored in an object's height. • The higher and heavier the object, the more

gravitational energy is stored. • When you ride a bicycle down a steep hill and

pick up speed, the gravitational energy is being converted to kinetic energy

What is Chemical Energy?Chemical energy is produced through reactions that occur in chemical compounds.

There are many examples of chemical energy present in the world. Examples of chemical energy being used are combustion, batteries, photosynthesis, and respiration.

Without this energy, plants and animals would not be able to survive.

Law of Conservation of Energy:

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

It can only be transformed (changed) from one state (form) to another.

WORK

Work is defined as the product of the net force and the displacement through which that force is exerted.

W=Fd

WORKFORCE

DISPLACEMENT

Power is defined as work done divided by the time used to do the work.

P = Fd/t