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Reading: ID – Ch 2 Interaction

Introduction to HCI & Interaction Design Reading: ID – Ch. 1

CS 321 Human-Computer CS 321 Human-Computer InteractionInteraction

Why is it so difficult to create a schedule on Student Information System (SIS)?

SMITH, JOHN E.

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The System’s Work Model does not fit the The System’s Work Model does not fit the User’s Work ModelUser’s Work Model

Any system forces a specific way for tasks to be done System’s Work Model

Every user has an understanding of how a task should be doneConceptual Model, Mental Model

For applications like the SIS the system’s model is hard to understand and work with because it makes no sense in terms of the work being done.Causes errors, non-use

What is Design?What is Design?Design is a creative activity of making

artifacts that are usable for a specific purpose.

Software EngineerSoftware is reliable, robust, and maintainable

Software DesignerSoftware fits the user’s overall activities,

enhances productivity, and produces a satisfying experience (Enjoyable!)

User’s Task Model vs. Engineer’s ModelUser’s Task Model vs. Engineer’s Model

User’s task model A representation of the user’s conceptual model

Main Goal: Make the Engineer’s model invisible to the user.

Engineer’s modelUnderlying implementation

Linkages

From the Interface Hall of ShameFrom the Interface Hall of ShameThe program, Woodworkers

Estimate Helper provides a classical

example of geekspeak.

The program is “designed for

woodworkers and cabinet makers”,

and purports to assist in the process of calculating price quotes for their projects.

Unfortunately the program uses such programming terminology as “Databases”, “Records”, and, if the user attempts to enter a duplicate part name, presents the message “Key Validation Error”.

While we do not mean to disparage any woodworkers, we can quite confidently state that the typical woodworker has essentially no practical understanding of such terms, nor should they be required to.

Is it any wonder that many new users are intimidated by computers?

System Centered vs.System Centered vs.Customer Centered DesignCustomer Centered Design

System Centered DesignFocuses on organizing the

functionality of the system

Customer Centered DesignFocuses on the customer’s

conceptual modelParticipatory Design, User-Centered

Design, Human-Centered Design

Customer Centered DesignCustomer Centered Design

Interject the designer in the user’s world and the user in the designer’s world to develop a shared conceptual model

Contextual Design (CD)Contextual Design (CD)

Gather data from multiple users

Design depends on seeing the implications of the data

Design begins with a creative leap from customer data to implications for design and from implications to ideas for specific features

Abstract data into a common model

Steps in Contextual DesignSteps in Contextual Design

Contextual Inquiry

Work Modeling

Consolidation

User Environment Design

Interface Design and Prototyping

Work Redesign

Step 1 - Contextual InquiryStep 1 - Contextual Inquiry

Gather Data Observation Interview Participation “Shadowing”

Learn User’s Vocabulary

Gather Artifacts

Gain an understanding of the user

Step 2 – Work ModelingStep 2 – Work Modeling

Concrete Representations User’s activities Context of the work

Team Interpretation Sessions Shared understanding

Step 3 - ConsolidationStep 3 - Consolidation

Look across multiple users Common practices Divergent practices

Inductive Process Going from a few to a large population

Step 4 – Work RedesignStep 4 – Work Redesign

Don’t just automate Look for places to improve

VisioningBrainstorming sessionsCreative process

Step 5 – User Environment DesignStep 5 – User Environment Design

Explicit representation of the system work model

“Blue Print” for the User Interface Design

Step 6 – Interface Design & Step 6 – Interface Design & PrototypingPrototyping

Paper Prototyping Lo-fidelity prototype Communicate design with the user