Today…

1. Buckland and Meadow on information

2. What is a document?

3. Definitions for "document"– object

4. Our context, inls150/LIS

5. Representation– work/item

Today…

1. Buckland and Meadow on information

2. What is a document?

3. Definitions for "document"– object

4. Our context, inls150/LIS

5. Representation– work/item

?

• Do Meadow and Buckland agree on their definition of Information?

Four Aspects of Information (Buckland)

Entity IntangibleInformation as Knowledge

TangibleInformation as a thingData, document, recorded knowledge

Process Information as a process

Information, data, document processingKnowledge engineering

Today…

1. Buckland and Meadow on information

2. What is a document?

3. Definitions for "document"– object

4. Our context, inls150/LIS

5. Representation– work/item

Is this a document?

Duchamp, Marcel “Bicycle Wheel” 1913, (1964 version)

Information Objects

Print (Physical) / Digital (Electronic)Linear (flat) / HypertextStatic / DynamicDurable / EphemeralAtomic / Complex

• Simple/Atomic, familiar document types

Complex, compound, dynamic document types

What is a document?

Adapted from: http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/payette/fedora/ecdl98.ppt

Document (Briet)

Object Star in the sky Photo of star Stone in the River Stone in museum Animal in the wild Animal in the zoo

Document? NO YES ? ? ? ?

Today…

1. Buckland and Meadow on information

2. What is a document?

3. Definitions for "document"– object

4. Our context, inls150/LIS

5. Representation– work/item

What is a Document? A Terminology Issue

Information objectInformation object– Document

– Information resource

– Information bearing entity

– Bibliographic entity• Exist in the world of recorded

knowledge…

Information Objects, W3C W3C/IETF definition of resource is

“…anything that has identity. Familiar examples include an electronic document, an image, a service (e.g., "today's weather report for Los Angeles"), and a collection of other resources. Not all resources are network "retrievable"; e.g., human beings, corporations, and bound books in a library can also be considered resources.”

i.e. a resource is “anything”– physical things (books, cars, people)– digital things (Web pages, digital images)– conceptual things (colours,

points in time, subjects)

Information Objects

“Any entity, form or mode for which contextual data can be recorded” (Greenberg, 2002, 2003)

Information Objects

Is our conception too wide, vague, ambiguous?

– DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative) Type Vocabulary: Collection, Dataset, Event, Image (Still or Moving), Interactive Resource, Service, Software, Sound, Text, Physical Object

Today…

1. Buckland and Meadow on information

2. What is a document?

3. Definitions for "document"– object

4. Our context, inls150/LIS

5. Representation– work/item

Our context…(inls 150, and our field)

Information systems contain documents (objects)

What kinds things might we represent in information systems?

Concrete things: books, documents, movie clip, map

Persons: role, doctor, student, taxpayer Events: accident, birth date, divorce Transactions: sale of item (purchase) Other?

Information Systems

DatabasesInventoriesCatalogs, indexesThesauri

Today…

1. Buckland and Meadow on information

2. What is a document?

3. Definitions for "document"– object

4. Our context, inls150/LIS

5. Representation– work/item

Representation

Description, stand-in, surrogate

--------------------------------------- Knowledge Representation:

http://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/ftp/psz/k-rep.html AI: http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/repr.html

HTML: http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/charset.html

Representing objects in Information SystemsYou can recognize it as a discrete

object (entity)– Even if it is a complex or compound

objectYou can name it by applying labels

(attributes and values to attributes)You can manipulate itYou can describe it

Representation Devices and means

– Icons, images, graphs, symbols, numbers, words, strings, descriptions

• Content (conceptual meaning)– Aboutness

» Subject content

• Carrier (packaging) – Physical representation– Models, measurements, strings, bytes, etc.

Representation Terminology

Element = Attribute + Value.

Attribute (property of the object).– Who-what-where-when-why.

• Photographer (person/agency), title, place of , date.

Value (content associated to the attribute).• NASA Photographic Services, Shuttle

Columbia, Kennedy Space Center in Florida, January, 2003.

What Makes a Good Representation?

Captures essential elements Never the same as the thing being

represented (abstraction) [surrogates] Get the abstraction right (accurate

representation) Appropriate for the person / audience Appropriate for the task / function

S. R. Ranganathan’sDocument

Intellectual entity

Work =

Expressed thought

Physical entity

Item=

Embodied thought

Patrick Wilson

Intellectual entity

Work = Subject terminology Classification notation

(inls150, classification)

Physical entity

Item = Date Size Title(inls150,representation)

Work, expression, manifestation, item

IFLA FRBR (Functional Requirement for a Bibliographic Record)

Work, Expression, Manifestation, Itemhttp://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm

– w1 Gone with the Wind (motion picture)

• e1 the original English language version

• e2 the original with French subtitles added

Work, expression, manifestation, itemw1Rolling Stones’ IT'S ONLY ROCK-N –

ROLL (1974)– e1 the groups performance recorded for

the album• m1 the recording released in 1974 by MCA

Records on tape cassette

• m2 the recording released in 1974 by MCA Records on compact disc

Work, expression, manifestation, itemw1 Jean Jolivet's Vraie description

des Gaules.... e1 the cartographer's original rendering

• m1 the map issued in 1570 – i1 a copy in the Département des Cartes et

plans at the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris

• m2 a facsimile reproduction published in 1974 by Hier et demain

FRBR diagram

Work, the Performance (1974)

E: Music and lyrics

E: Music (just the instruments)

M: CD, RCA, 2005

M: RS, LP 1974

M: 8-track, RCA, 1975

I: My CD, RCA, 2005 c.2

I: Your CD, RCA, 2005 c.1

I: UNC Musllib.CD, RCA, 2005 c.3

Dublin Core Elements

Title Author or Creator Subject and Keywords Description Publisher Other Contributor Date Resource Type

Format Resource Identifier Source Language Relation Coverage Rights Management

Process and Goals Goals for Organizing Information in an information system

Information is out there or being/will be created…

Identify 3-5 steps in the information organization process.

List 3-5 goals or objectives of your information systems once it’s organized.

Process

Identify– Identify what you are going to organize– Different scenarios.

Collect– Get it. Different means.

Provide Access– Representation/description, indexing, etc.

Goals: Allow the user to

Find information when it is known.Discover new information.Evaluate information as to its use.Retrieve/Locate the information