Module

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How many ways of conrmunicat ing doi,ou know of?What 's the best way of communicat ing?

. A comic str ip

. Messages: e-mai ls, notes and SMS

. Sign languageo Secret messapes from ancient t imes to

the present. Gestures from around the world. Computers: good and bad points

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Where can youfind the foilowingin this module?Go through thepages and findthe pictures.

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Leave a message

n@a

Answer the following questions.o How important is the telephone in your l i fe?o Have you got a mobile phone? lf yes, what do you use it for?

A. Read the comic str ip. What do you think Stan's message means? Listen and check your answer

Jone Good afternoon. Mr Webster'soJJice. How may I hetp gou?

Stcn Hetlo Jane, could I speak'tomg dad, pleose?

Jone l'm aJraLd he's out oJ the oJJiceat the moment, Stan. Woutd

gou t ike to leave a message?Stan Wil[ gou tel l him that I need

to speak to him rLght awag?Jane OJ course. Have gou tried his

mobile?Stan He's not picking up. Thanks Jor

gour hetp.Jane Bge.

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B. Read again and answer thequestions. n A, .€,.

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1. What is Stan's surnanre?

2. Where did Stan cA{ f i rs:?

3. who tr tgpyTofi^'4. WhV couldn't St6d find ;- s

oao att aay? lc "'i:::.-:

5. Why did Stan's dad thir.phone wasn't working?

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RUN CALLS HIS DAD'S O

STAN LEAVES A MESSAGE ON THEANSWERING MACHINE AT HOME..-

Brrring! Brrring! CLick.Hi. This is the Webster Family. We'renot in at the moment. Please Leavea message after the beep_. Beeeep.

Stan Dcd, are Vou there? ls angonethere? lt's Stan here. I haveto tatk to Dad. He's notonswering hls phone ond heisn't [n th.e oJJice. There'sbeen a change oJ pLan.l ' [ t keep trging.

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LATER STAN TEXTS HIS DAD...

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@olg* using the words in the bor. Then, ligten and check your answers.

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@Talk in pairs.Student A go to page 112. Studenl B go topage 116.

BNA. Read the tip.

Iter outarv tilr- t fbllo?

t l'lello, is Tina there?

t l .mnotsure.(1)-on, | ' | |check.Tina!Tina!No,

she's not here. Do you want to leave a (z)_?

t lvell. it's strange. | (3)_ her earlier on her mobile

and she just hung (4)_. I tried again but she didn'tr5)_ up. She's not usually rude like that.

t I think she said something about taking her mobile back to thestrop.

t Oh. maybe it's (e)_.

t Yeah. Why don't you (7)_ back in an hour or

r8)- her later?t OK. thanks.

a t Can you show me how to (9)_ the pay phone?

t Sure. Have you got a phone (1o)_?

t Yes, here it is.

t OK, it's very easy. Oops, this phone is (11)_ of

order. Let's try that one. OK, just put the card in the slot and

dialthe (L2)_.

t That's it? Thanks.

fre the correct words.L A: Excuse me. ls the lift out of order?

8: Yes. I'm afraid you'll have to / must take the stairs.A: With allthis shopping?B: Would / Could I help you with it?A: No, it's OK. You don't need / needn't to do that.

z A: Dad, wlll / can I go to a fast food restaurant with my friendstonight?

B: Again? You don't have to / mustn't eat so much fast food,you know. lt's bad for you. At your age, you need / must tohave lots of healthy food.

A: You needn't / can'L worry Dad. l'll have a salad.

W .gr" ,in ratt

An e-mallWhen you're wrltlng ane-mail, wrfte a gteetlng and

off, just like you do In letters.Write full sentences and organlseyour Informatlon In paragraphs.

A noteWhen you're wltlng a note, greetand slgn off iust by wftlng names.Keep the text short and gfve thelmportant Informatlon. Don't wrltefull sentences.

An SMS messageWhen you're texting someone,you don't need to wrfte a greetingor.to slgn off. You only glve thelmportant Informatlon and oftenyou shorten words (e.9. 2NITE).See page 118 for ldeas.

B. Read lhe note below. Can you make fullsentences?

C. Read the invitation below and write:1. a short e-mail asking for more information

(What time? Where? Wearing costumes?)2. an SMS message accepting the invitation.3. a note to your parents asking for money to

buy a Halloween costume.

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Sign language

Answer lhe tollowing questions.o How can sign language be

useful?o Do you know anyone who

uses sign language?

Kelly lt can't be that easy, surely.May lt is. The signs for Please and Thank you

are really easy, too. For Please, you touchyour chin and move your hand forward abit.

Kefly OK and Thank yotl?May lt's the same but you move your hand

further away.Adam That's great but it's not really enough for a

conversation.May Don't worry. Lee is deaf but he's very good

at reading lips and his speech is nice andclear. He'll be able to understand you aslong as you look at him when you speak.

Kelly Oh dear. Lee's going to have a problemwith Adam in the restaurant.

Adam Why?Kelly You always speak with your mouth full.Adam No, ldon't!May Stop it you two. Here comes Lee now.

@g^fi*l.H,l#.lfflili#il.iiH:lllf:lllii,ii'.ljl,1;xllli:l#l1J'r"{i:';,h[!:*Adam Where's your cousin then, May? We've been

waiting here for so long!Kelly Oh, stop complaining. We've only been here

for ten minutes. He might be lost.May No, he knows his way around town. He

must be stuck in traffic.Kelly By the way, will we be able to communicate

with him?May Don't worry. I can teach you some sign

language while we wait.Adam Great! What's the sign for hungrfiMay You draw a circle on your stomach with your

fist.Adam Like this?May That's right. You look very hungry, Adam.Adam l'm starving.May Be patient. Lee is on his way.Kelly What about Helld?May Well, you move your open right hand slightly

to the right. That's good, Kelly.

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8. Read the dialogue again. Find ' ' * ' "

sentences to prove the following.1. May, Kelly and Adam are waiting for

May's cousin.

2. Lee isn' t lost.

3. \4ay knows a bit of sign language.

J. Adam is very hungry.

5. The signs for Please and Thank you

are simi lar.

5. They wi l l be able to communicate,vith Lee.

t \ latch the expressions 1-6 with the:efinit ions a-1.

: - -ow one's way around: - , the way: -: on one's way

- - = in one's way: - se one's way: ^: other way roundtl

u become or get lostt{LJ stop someone from moving or

doing something

be able to get around a place

the opposite situation

now that I think of it

going to a place

lrmplete the senlences below.

A: l 'm _ my way to the l ibrary. Do

you want me to return any books?

B: No, thanks. Oh, _ the way,

if you see Betty there, tell her to

r ing me.

-:.,l ld you please move those boxes?--ey're my wai.

. . :k didn' t cal l Miranda. l t was the

way round.

: : ' tunately, the chi ldren didn' t

: - : i r way in the forest.

: -:r. please show Mr Barton where": : .n 28 is. He doesn' t h is wav:- : :nd the school .

can/could/be able to) I can/am able to understand sign language.) Billy couldn't/wasn't able to go the party last night.) lf you start taking ltalian lessons, you wlll be able to speak ltalian

in a few months.

could/may/might I) Diane called me an hour ago. She could/may/mlght still be at home.

musvcan't) You have been working all day. You must be exhausted.) Fred can't have a pet. He hates animals.

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Circle the correcl words.1. lf you keep eating so much, you won't be able to / can't get

into your clothes in a few months.2.Tony has already eaten. He must / can't be hungry.3. My cousin's working overtime so she may / may not be a bit

late.4. Marion's car isn't here. She must / can't be out.5. I went to bed at 1am last night but I couldn't / wasn't able

sleep.

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Listen and circle the words which conlain gh as ltl.

enough might laughsliglhtly bought tough

Talk in pairs. lookat the pictures andtry lo guess whatthese signs mean.Use must/can'tand the promptsgiven. Discuss youranswers with yourteacher.

coughright

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Between the linesAnswer the following questions.o Have you ever invented a secret language or other ways of communicating with your friends? What was it?o Have you seen any films where code language 0r secret messages are used? What do you remember

about them?

@sA. Lislen, read and choose

the best title for the texl.

tr-lCommunicationin ancient tirnes

tr-lInventingnew codes

t r lThe art ofhiding a megsage

PeoPle ha,vebeen trYrngto keePmessagessecret forthousandsof Years 'Codes havehelPed tohide themeaning ofmessages,but whatabouthidingthe actualmessage?

:I:"-::.^"_":rI as. th9 ,*Effithe ancienr Greek- hist-oriJn-,' ri"i"Jl"r,tetts rhe story of . secr;; 'r":""n.someone sent onshaved r,i" i-if :rlT;: tltl;"Il.In"message on his n:3u. rruhen his ilr, nr",back, nobody cou]d r".o-frru*i.""rn..rhe man rravelted_ro his j."ii.-iiarorr,shaved his hair off again ;;;-;;"message was reveal_ed.

Nowadays, computers have brought-afout

many changes in trre ari orhiding_ a message. Computers canstore huge amounts of intormatlon inone fi le. tt is possible to .f,:a-rig"some of the information without.

?lryone noticing. For exampfe, i1r-s easy to hide a short *"ri"

"1r_por several pages of text in adigital photo. To the nat<eA eye, thedifference is invisibt-e O"a Ji." 'r lshrcomputer program can make it appear.

In the 20tb century' during W^orld

;;'-;;, .n: o:'i:::-:Xl:":o'?n"ohide important o

reduced them to the size and shape

i i -"-1". ' These, t iny messages

are known as m-rcrodots. and : ':. ' i t

;:=i;-i" to hide them in a rurr

;;;-;;the dot :..t ::"-t?:::t?1"'stoP or -"- - - - . . . , , - As a resul t ,

let ters " i " or " l

the Germans managred to hide their

i""".n"" in tYPed or Prilt5o -rH;;-";" and nobodv could t"t1-

in";' ;;"= -'l?L,:1"1n3,3'I:";:i:In this text arc

of Places wtrere You could hide a

microdoto

B. Read the tert again and write T for True or Flor False.

1. In ancient times everybody hada secret message tattooed ontheir head.

2. Herodotus was the first person

who sent a secret messageon a man's head.

3. You can only hide messagesin the letters "i" and "j".

4. You need a microscope to readthe message in a microdot.

5. You can see the changes made toa computer file with the naked eye.

Gicle the correct words.

L Whenever I'm too tired go / lo go out, I stay at home andread magazines.

2. I was surprised see / to see Cherry at the cinema last night.

3. Steven left his p@ect at home and Mr Miles made him go /to go home get / lo get it.

4. We arranged vlsll / to vislt the National Gallery in theafternoon, but we didn't have enough time see / to see

everything. lt closed early.

5. lt's very relaxing llsten / to llsten to the radio while driving.You must try / to try it.

6. I want watch / to watch the news see / to see the weatherforecast.

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C. Complete the sentences with the words in the bor.possible reveal invisible shave full stop several invent

1. Don't my secret to anyone, please.

2. Jack isn't ready yet. He needs to

3. A: ls i t to get free tickets to the concert?B: I don't think so.

4, I've seen this James Bond filmdon't want to see it again.

5. A: Did Alexander G. Bell the telephone?B: Yes. he did.

6. I couldn't see anything on the paper but there was a messageon it which was written in

7. Always put a at the end of a sentence.

@slisten to a teenage boy, Kevin, talking to hismum and choose the correct answer a, hot c.

1. The iron is ...a. in the basement.b. in a cupboard.

c. in Kevin's wardrobe.

2. Kevin's friend wrote the messageusing ...a. an invisible ink pen.

b. a pen with white ink.c. milk.

3. To be able to read the message, Kevinneeds to ...

a. heat the paper.

b. write on the paper.

c. colour the paper brown.

4. Kevin's mum wants to help him withthe ironing because ...a. she wants to read the message.b. she doesn't want him to destroy the

iron.

c. she's scared that he might have anaccident.

ink.

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Gestures

A. Listen to two lriends lalking aboul Mar'strip to Japan and answer the questions.

1. What did Max go and watch?2. What gesture did he make?3. What does it mean?

B. Answer the following questions.o What are some common gestures

that you use?o What do they mean?

lllhen we move alltt part of our bodyf f to communlcatea partlculal meanlng, wearc maklnggesturcs. Weuse gesturcs all the tlme,sometlmes wlthout evenrcallslng lt. Examples ofoommon gesturcs Includewavlng, smlllng andshaklng hands. HorveYer,there ato gesturcs thatmean dlfhrent thlngbln dlffercnt parts of thervorld. So, lf you loretrawlllng abrcad and youdon't want to make a fioolof yourcelf, here ate afeuv tlps.

want to ask 'What's going on?' Well, just

wiggle your nose. That should do the trick!

E_J In most parts of Europe and in isome Latin American countries, moving Iyour finger in a circle around your ear is like Itelling someone they're crazy. This gesture Iis often used on German motorways, Iwhen someone wants to criticise another

Idriver. Stop to think before using it though

Ibecause it's against the law! In the

INetherlands, this gesture means somethinglcompletely different. Dutch people use it to

Isay, 'You've got a phone call.'

IIII

EJ Avoid putting your hands on your trJ You're in Puerto Rico and youhips when you're talking to people inIndonesia. This gesture shows that you

are angry with them.

E_J Raising your eyebrows is a sign ofsurprise in a lot of countries. However, inTonga, it means 'Yes' or'l agree' and inPeru it means 'money' or 'pay me'. So,if someone from Peru owes you money,remember to raise your eyebrows. :

EJ lf you tap your head in Argentina,it means 'l'm thinking' or'Think'. ln othercountries, however, it means 'You're outof your mind!'

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read the text again and match the three columns.

--rg lour hands on your hips

raising your eyebrows

:apping your head

wiggling your nose

'roving your f inger in: circle around vour ear

Pntt rnol' *v " ' - '

What's up?

You've got a phon. .Ji

I agree

l 'm angrg with you.

I m tnrnKtng.

-ingform) Skatlng is very exciting.) Can you buy a newspaper before comlng home?) I don't mind walklng to work but I prefer drlvtng.> Let's go slghtseelng. The museums in this city are worth seelng.

N OTE:) Anne stopped drinking coffee.

(=She doesn't drink coffee any more.)) Anne stopped to drink coffee. (=She stopped the action she

was doing in order to drink some coffee.)) I remember turning off the computer.

(=refers to an action which happened in the past)) Remember to turn off the computer before you leave.

(=don't forget to do something)

at l - - /

Complete with the infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.1. I stopped at the supermarket _ (buy) some

mushrooms. I 'm thinking of _ (make) pizza tonight.2. lt's rude (talk) with your mouth full so

stop _ (do) it!

3. A: Don't forget (send) an e-mail to Rita.B: l ' l l do i t as soon as I f inish (write) this art icle.

4. I hate (work) all day. I'd like (spend)

some time (do) other things like exercising orgoing _ (shop).

Talk in pairs. Discuss which gestures you often use wilh your famaly,fr iends, teacher and strangers.

. kiss . look at When I meet rnyfr iends, I usual ly . . .

When I 'm talk ingto. . .

Wrile tips about gestures that visitorsshould know before visiting your country.

a

a

lndonesia

Peru

Argentina

Puerto Rico

the Netherlands

Tonga

frllFqd-e lt ll

o hug someone. shake hands in the eyeso bow when talking

. ::en. What do the verbs in bold mean? Malch' : r wi th lhe pictures a-h.- - ,'othy waved goodbye to Gordon.: ' . grandmother hugs me whenever she

: : :S me.

- - r people in your country shake hands-:n they greet each other?

- ' . r ia met Carla at the bus stop and they

^issed each other on the cheek.a - ?'ry nodded to show that he agreed with

: et .. - : king entered the room and everyone

:owed.- - -ere's Ben," said Janet and pointed to a

--. who was walking past.: Smilel I want to take vour picture. '

u

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Connecting people

;oA. 0n the right is'an .

essay aboul the , .advantages and , .,disaduantages o[ .,-.:;,using, compulers;":'i':listqn and read.What is the writer'sopinion?

; , : i -

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On the other hand, there are lots ofdisadvantages, too. Children, teenagers andeven adults can easily become addicted tocomputers. Thib can cause many problems.Sitting in front of a computer screen forhours can damage your eyes and give youback problems. Lastly, computers that areconnected to the Internet could be at risk.They can get viruses that can destroy allthe programs or delete information.

To sum up, using a computer has manyadvantages but we must not forgetthe disadvantages. In my opinion, thecomputer is useful. However, peopleshould use it wisely.

THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESOF USING COMPUTERSComputers are becoming more and morepopular as years go by. Some peoplecannot live without them while othersbelieve they can be quite harmful.

Using a computer has many advantages.Firstly, computers help users organisetheir work so they are able to work faster.Secondly, users can store songs on theircomputer and listen to music while working.In addition, fun-learning programs can helpyounger users become computer literate.What is more, those who have access tothe Internet, can download information andkeep in touch with family and friends withe-mails.

B. Read the text again. Are the stalements below true, false or not mentioned in the text at all?

1. Using a computer for many hours can cause health problems.

2. lt is easier for children to learn how to use a comouter than for adults.

3. The writer believes that it would be better if people didn't use computers at all.

4. Adults can become computer addicts.

5. Only Internet users can send and receive e-mails.

6. Computer users can also watch DVDs.

C. Read the text again. Find words/phrases and malchthem with lhe meanings below.

1. a person who uses something(para 2):

2. keep information in a computer(para 2):

3. a lso (para 2):

4. knowing how to use a computer'nara 2):

5. communicate (para 2):

6. a fully-grown person (para 3):7. in danger (para 3):

8. damage something so badlythat i t doesn't work (para 3):

@oListen t0 lour people talking about mobile phones and,natch the names with the statements. There is one extrastatement which you do not need to use.

e The use of mobi les isespecial ly harmful for chi ldren.

o Mobiles are verv useful if vou are in danger.Children don't use mobiles more thanadults.There are more disadvantages thanadvantages to using mobile phones.Mobile phones can be annoying.

TALK ABOUT:. size. cost. what they're used for. people's healthr if they can become an addictionr if they can be annoying

A. Read the tip.

^t When you're writing an essay

lllf Oiscussing advantages and7 disadvantages, organise your

ideas according to the plan below. Writein a formal style. Do not use short formsor abbreviations.

INTRODUCTION

lntroduce the subject of the essayand both sides of the topic.

MA|N PART (2 PARAGRAPHS)

Present the advantages in oneparagraph and the disadvantagesin another paragraph. Gover bothsides of the topic equally. Uselinking words/phrases:

io iisf ; iii;tii; iii;i;i ;ii;POINTS to begin with,

secondly, also, inaddit ion, what is

T-o-t9: lingllv' lg:IvT0 EXPRESS ) however, on theCONTRAST one hand, on the

other hand

, coNcLusroNo Make a general statement. Use

phrases like:) ln conclusion, ...) To sum up, ...

o State your opinion if you want to.Use phrases like:) ln my opinion ...) Personally, I believe ...

B. The phrases in bold are wrillen in an informalstyle. Bewrite them in a formal style. Useideas lrom the tip.

1. Oh, and something else, studentsdo not need to write their homework byhand if they have got a computer. Theycan type it up.

2. But, it is not a good idea to let childrenuse the Internet alone.

3. Now, thinking about all these things, Ibelieve that comouters are useful.

C. Write an essay discussing the advantagesand disadvantages of having a mobile phone.Use lhe ideas in the speaking activity andfollow the plan above.

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Talk in groups of lour. l)iscuss theadvantages and disadvantages ofhaving a mobile phone using therdeas on the right. Write notes inthe table below. Then, use yournoles to present your arguments tothe class. Justify your answers.

In my opinion one of the (dis)advantages of mobilephones is that they're ...

Another (dis)advantage is ...Also, mobiles are (not) useful when ...

69

Revision

scoRE a_I|E. Circte the correct words.1. Would / Could you like me to help you with your

bags?2. I was able to / will be able to get a car next year.

3. John might / must come over later so I'm goingprepare some snacks.

4. I have to / don't have to buy flowers because \lhas already bought some.

5. May / Would I go out, please?6. You mustn't / needn't take that book out of the

library. lt's not allowed.SCORE

F. Complete with the correct lorm of the verbs in bracket1. Tina was very hungry, so she stopped

(get) a sandwich.

2. I can't stand (text). I prefer(cal l) my fr iends.

3. I was surprised (see) Sylvia in myneighbourhood. She's moved to another town.

4. Deaf people can _ (understand) whatyou are saying by _ (read) lips.

5. Avoid (sit) in front of the computer a

the time. You may (damage) lour elr

6. I remember _ (put) my wallet in my ba,but I can't find it now.

7. lt's easy (lose) your way in this areabecause there are lots of streets with the samename.

CommunicationG. ruatctr.1. What took you so long?2. Could you show me the

way to the post office?3. How about getting

something to eat?4. I need to use the

phone.5. I'd like to try bungee-

jumping.

a. Great. I'm stanb. Are you out of'

mind?c. I was stuck in

traffic.d. Sorry, it's out c

order.e, Sure. I'm on m'

way there now.

SCORE

make a phone callmake requests and offer to helpask for, give and refuse permissionexpress possibilitytalk'about what I must, mustn't, have to,don't have to, need to and don't need to domake deductionstalk about the advantages and disadvantagesof something

UocabularyA. tvtatctr.1. computer2. keep in3. shake4. pay5. sign

a. handsb. languagec. literated. phonee. touch

B.Complete with the words in the bor.change patient inventedwaved complain message

1. My parents always about the traffic onthe roads.

2. There's a _ of plan. We're meeting at 8not at 9.

3. Be _, Mary. The cake needs anothertwenty minutes in the oven.

4. Mr Barton's not in his office at the moment. Wouldyou like to leave a

5. The children got on the train andgoodbye.

6. Gugl ielmo Marconi the radio.

t.o*. [- :

l

scoRE a-fa

scoRE eIAC. Circte the correct words.1. We couldn't see the message on the piece of

paper. lt was harmful / invisible.2. Give Mummy a kiss / hug on the cheek.3. You mustn't shoplift. lt's against / out of the law.4. The fire deleted / destroyed the building conTlet:\

scoREl . ,

n l

GrammarD. Compfete wilh must or can't.1. That be Neil's car. He has gone to

Kent for the weekend.2. Let's ask John's mum where he is. She

know.

3. A: I cal led Jennifer but she hung up.B: She be upset because you forgot

her birthday.

4. Linda be at home. l just cal led herhouse and no one answered.

70