To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK Penetrators in the Solar System MSSL/UCL UK...
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Transcript of To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK Penetrators in the Solar System MSSL/UCL UK...
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Penetrators in the Penetrators in the Solar SystemSolar System
MSSL/UCL UK
Alan Smithon behalf of the UK Penetrator Consortium
To Moon and beyond – Bremen 16 September 2008
and MoonLITE
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
What are kinetic penetrators ?
Penetrator
Point of Separation
Payload Instruments
Detachable De-orbit Stage
PDS (Penetrator
Delivery System)
Instrumented projectiles
Survive high impact speed
Penetrate surface ~ few metres
An alternative to softlanders
Low mass/lower cost=> multi-site deployment
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Challenges...
impact survivalimpact survival communicationscommunications power/lifetime/coldpower/lifetime/cold deliverydelivery fundingfunding
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Mars96 (Russia) failed to leave Earth orbit
DS2 (Mars) NASA 1999 ?
‘No survivable high velocity impacting probe has been successfully landed on any extraterrestrial body’
Japanese Lunar-A cancelled (now planned to fly on Russian Lunar Glob)
History
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Payload (2kg) Science Capability
Micro seismometers sub-surface ocean, inner body structure(astrobiology, geophysics)
Chemistry package (mass spec.) organics and inorganics (astrobiology)
Soil/environment package (accelerometers, thermometer, dielectric constant, radiation monitor, magnetometer, pH, Redox)
soil mechanical properties, thermal & electrical properties (astrobiology /geophysics)
Mineralogy/astrobiology camera Soil properties/astrobiology
payload instruments
Micro-PenetratorsMicro-Penetrators
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Prime Planetary Targets
Moon
Europa
EnceladusTitan
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
10Km
Europa Subsurface Ocean
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
EnceladusEnceladus
500Km dia. (c.f. with UK) Fierce south pole plume (ice/dust) Hi-albedo covering Saturnian moons ? ‘Atmosphere’ (H2O,N2,CO2,CH4) Liquid water under surface (life ?)
(image from Wikipedia)
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
A ComparisonA ComparisonMoonMoon EnceladusEnceladusEuropaEuropa
Orbital velocity 1.68 1.43 0.17Orbital velocity 1.68 1.43 0.17at surface (km/s) (3.7 to reach orbit)at surface (km/s) (3.7 to reach orbit)
Radiation Radiation kRads MRads 10s KRads kRads MRads 10s KRads
Surface 50-100K/250K 100K 70KSurface 50-100K/250K 100K 70Ktemperaturetemperature
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
TitanTitan
Titan as seen from the Cassini–Huygens spacecraft. WikipediaWikipedia
DunesDunes
Fluvial plainFluvial plain
heavy atmosphereheavy atmosphere mountains,mountains, dunesdunes lakeslakes weather weather windswinds clouds clouds precipitationprecipitation seasonsseasons complex organic complex organic
chemistrychemistry very cold very cold pre-biotic pre-biotic
chemisty ?chemisty ? life ?life ?
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Terminal VelocityTerminal Velocity
Assuming:Assuming:– 10kg, 12cm diam, Drag coefficient 0.210kg, 12cm diam, Drag coefficient 0.2
VenusVenus 34 m/s 34 m/s Mars Mars 1310 m/s1310 m/s TitanTitan 48 m/s 48 m/s EarthEarth 267 m/s 267 m/s
PDS => Atmospheric braking
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
“The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Bodies”
“Water and its profound implications for life andexploration”
MoonLITE Science & Exploration Objectives
“Ground truth & support for future human lunar missions”
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
MoonLITE Mission
Delivery and Comms Spacecraft (Orbiter).
Payload: 4 penetrator descent probes
Landing sites: Globally spaced - far side - polar region(s) - one near an Apollo landing site for calibration
Duration: >1 year for seismic network.
3
2
1
4
Far side
Polar commsorbiter
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Development Program
Studies Simulation & Modelling Impact Trials
– build a real penetrator– impact it into a sand target at
near supersonic speed !
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Impact Trial - ObjectivesImpact Trial - Objectives
Demonstrate survivability of penetrator shell, Demonstrate survivability of penetrator shell, accelerometers and power system.accelerometers and power system.
Assess impact on penetrator subsystems and instruments.Assess impact on penetrator subsystems and instruments. Determine internal acceleration environmentDetermine internal acceleration environment
at different positions within penetrator. at different positions within penetrator. Extend predictive modelling to new impact and penetrator Extend predictive modelling to new impact and penetrator
materials.materials. Assess alternative packing methods.Assess alternative packing methods. Assess interconnect philosophy.Assess interconnect philosophy.
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Impact Trial: 19-21 May 2008Impact Trial: 19-21 May 2008
Full-scale trial 3 Penetrators, Aluminium 300m/s impact velocity Normal Incidence Dry sand target
0.56m
13 Kg
… just 9 months from start to end. Starting from scratch in Sep’07
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Impact trial - ContributorsImpact trial - Contributors
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Impact trial – PayloadImpact trial – Payload
Radiation sensor
MagnetometersBatteries
Mass spectrometer
Micro-seismometers
Drill assembly
AccelerometersPowerInterconnectionProcessing
Accelerometers, ThermometerBatteries,Data logger
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Trial Hardware Trial Hardware
Inners Stack
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Impact Trial - ConfigurationImpact Trial - Configuration
Rocket sledRocket sled PenetratorPenetrator
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
TargetTarget
Dry sandDry sand 2m x2m x6m2m x2m x6m Small front entrance aperture (polythene)Small front entrance aperture (polythene)
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Real-Time Impact Video
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
FiringFiring
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
1’st Firing - Results1’st Firing - Results
• Penetrator found in top of target• Glanced off a steel girder which radically changed its orientation.• Penetration: ~3.9m• Much ablation to nose and belly• Rear flare quite distorted. • Penetrator in one piece ✓
Firing parameters:• Impact velocity: 310 m/s (c.f. 300m/s nominal)• Nose-up ~8degs (c.f. 0 degs nominal)
=> worst case
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
11stst Firing – internal Results Firing – internal Results
Micro seismometer bay
Connecting to MSSL accelerometerand data processing bay
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
1’st Firing – QinetiQ 1’st Firing – QinetiQ accelerometer dataaccelerometer data
Overview: 5 kgee smoothed,~16 kgee peakhigh frequency components ~5khz
Initial impact hi-res: Tail slap peak
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
1’st Firing – MSSL accelerometer data1’st Firing – MSSL accelerometer data
Along axis:Along axis: Cutter: 3kgee Cutter: 3kgee Main: 10kgeeMain: 10kgee Girder: 1kgeeGirder: 1kgee
Along axis
Vertical axis
Horizontal axis
Firing Along axis
Vertical Horizontal
1’st 10 kgee 15kgee 4kgee
3’rd 11kgee 17kgee 7kgee
Peak gee forces in rear of penetrator11 kgee
15 kgee
4 kgee
GirderMain impactcutter
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Firings OverviewFirings Overview All 3 firings remarkably consistent ~308-310m/s velocity, and All 3 firings remarkably consistent ~308-310m/s velocity, and
~8 degs nose up.~8 degs nose up. All 3 Penetrators survived & Payloads still operationalAll 3 Penetrators survived & Payloads still operational..
Steel nose for 3rd firing
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Survival TableSurvival Table
Item Firing 1 Firing 2 Firing 3
Penetrator ✓ ✓ ✓
Q-accel sys ✓ ✓ ✓
Rad sensor ✓ not present not present
Batteries ✓ not present not present
Drill assembly ✓ not present not present
Magnetometer ✓ not present not present
Micro seismometers
not present ✓ (protected suspensions ok)
✓ (protected suspensions ok)
Mass spectrometer+ other package elements
not present ✓x pressure sensorx 3” heating element
✓x pressure sensor✓6” heating element
MSSL accel sys ✓ ✓ ✓
Triple worst case: exceed 300m/s, >8deg attack angle
No critical failures – currently all minor to unprotected bays or preliminary mountings
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Impact Trial ObjectivesImpact Trial Objectives
Demonstrate survivability of penetrator body, Demonstrate survivability of penetrator body, accelerometers and power system.accelerometers and power system.
Assess impact on penetrator subsystems and instruments.Assess impact on penetrator subsystems and instruments.
Determine internal acceleration environmentDetermine internal acceleration environmentat different positions within penetrator. at different positions within penetrator.
Extend predictive modelling to new penetrator materials,Extend predictive modelling to new penetrator materials,and impact materials.and impact materials.
Assess alternative packing methods.Assess alternative packing methods.
Assess interconnect philosophy.Assess interconnect philosophy.
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
Next Steps & Strategy …Next Steps & Strategy …
Next trial – aiming for Sumer 09, then Spring 10.Next trial – aiming for Sumer 09, then Spring 10. Impact into closer representative lunar regolithImpact into closer representative lunar regolith => Full-up system (all operating) (TRL5)=> Full-up system (all operating) (TRL5) Transmit from targetTransmit from target
Strategy: in parallel :-Strategy: in parallel :-- MoonLITE Phase-A- MoonLITE Phase-A‾ Delta developments for icy planetsDelta developments for icy planets
To the Moon and beyond Bremen Sep 16 2008 MSSL/UCL UK
- End -- End -
Penetrator website:
http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/planetary/missions/Micro_Penetrators.php
email: [email protected]